Ledviny p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b v\u00fdkonnou \u010disti\u010dku odpadn\u00edch vod. I kdy\u017e jsou velk\u00e9 jako p\u011bst, zvl\u00e1dnou za den p\u0159efiltrovat zhruba 150 litr\u016f krve. Z n\u00ed odd\u011bl\u00ed odpadn\u00ed l\u00e1tky a vylou\u010d\u00ed je prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mo\u010de (asi 1,5 litru za den).<\/p>\n
\nKolaps m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edt bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n
Probl\u00e9my s ledvinami b\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00e1ludn\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee se chronick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto org\u00e1nu nemus\u00ed dlouho nijak projevovat. Spousta lid\u00ed si mysl\u00ed: Kdy\u017e m\u011b nic nebol\u00ed, nic mi nen\u00ed! Je to ale jenom jeden z m\u00fdt\u016f. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee ztratit a\u017e 90 % p\u0159irozen\u00e9 kapacity ledvin, ani\u017e by se u n\u011bho projevily n\u011bjak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky nebo bolest. Nen\u00ed to pravidlo, ale st\u00e1v\u00e1 se to, a nikoli vz\u00e1cn\u011b.
\n„T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 % posti\u017een\u00fdch nav\u00edc o sv\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch nev\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Vladim\u00edra Bedn\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, CSc., vedouc\u00ed l\u016f\u017ekov\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed na Klinice nefrologie 1. LF UK Praha.
\nUpozor\u0148uje i na dal\u0161\u00ed alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnost. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se jednoho z nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch posti\u017een\u00ed ledvin, jejich selh\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u017e 40 % pacient\u016f se dostane k odborn\u00edkovi teprve po kolapsu, kter\u00fd nastane n\u00e1hle a bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zkolabuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad na ulici. Do t\u00e9 doby netu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my maj\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e9 nepravidelnosti v mo\u010den\u00ed a \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed mo\u010den\u00ed nejsou spolehliv\u00fdm varov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo vod\u00edtkem k diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f. Mohou b\u00fdt toti\u017e sign\u00e1lem jin\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je jednoduch\u00e9<\/p>\n
Naru\u0161enou funkci ledvin p\u0159itom dovede praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 v\u011bt\u0161inou zjistit jednoduch\u00fdm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm. Zkoum\u00e1 p\u0159i n\u011bm p\u0159\u00edtomnost b\u00edlkovin v mo\u010di, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b hladinu kreatininu v krvi. Toto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed hrad\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny i jako preventivn\u00ed, a to jednou za dva roky. Sta\u010d\u00ed tedy za praktikem zaj\u00edt a nechat si ho ud\u011blat.<\/p>\n
Komu hroz\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko<\/p>\n
Kdo by se o n\u011bj m\u011bl zaj\u00edmat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm? Krom\u011b diabetik\u016f a hypertonik\u016f hlavn\u011b ku\u0159\u00e1ci, pacienti s nadv\u00e1hou a ob\u00e9zn\u00ed stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed pod n\u00e1porem stresu. Rizikov\u00fd je rovn\u011b\u017e v\u011bk mezi 50 a\u017e 70 roky. Z t\u011bchto skupin se rekrutuje nejv\u00edc lid\u00ed se \u0161patnou funkc\u00ed ledvin. Ty zbyte\u010dn\u011b zat\u011b\u017euje tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 solen\u00ed, nedostatek pohybu, p\u0159em\u00edra tu\u010dn\u00fdch j\u00eddel a cukru, podobn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f proti bolesti. Pokud se u v\u00e1s se\u010dte hned n\u011bkolik z uveden\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f, m\u011bli byste nav\u0161t\u00edvit praktika kv\u016fli zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9mu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed co nejd\u0159\u00edv.<\/p>\n
Pijte vodu, ale s m\u00edrou<\/p>\n
Nejlep\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed proti pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm s ledvinami je to, \u017ee budeme dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u00edt. To je pom\u011brn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd n\u00e1zor. Bohu\u017eel neplat\u00ed v\u017edycky. „Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem tekutin b\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd jen u n\u011bkter\u00fdch chorob ledvin, t\u0159eba u opakuj\u00edc\u00edch se infekc\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest nebo u mo\u010dov\u00fdch kamen\u016f,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Martin Havrda, prim\u00e1\u0159 I. intern\u00ed kliniky Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 Vinohrady v Praze. „V jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pit\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. T\u0159eba u pacient\u016f, kter\u00fdm po\u0161kodila ledviny cukrovka. U t\u011bch \u010dasto nedok\u00e1\u017eou vylou\u010dit p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou vodu a p\u0159em\u00edra vody v organismu se pak projevuje otoky nebo du\u0161nost\u00ed.“<\/p>\n
Infekce mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest jako p\u0159edehra<\/p>\n
Jedno z rizik p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro ledviny infekce mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest. \u010cast\u00e9 jsou zejm\u00e9na u \u017een, t\u011bm se nav\u00edc nejednou vracej\u00ed. Mo\u010dov\u00e1 trubice u nich toti\u017e t\u011bsn\u011b soused\u00ed s pochvou a kone\u010dn\u00edkem, odkud se m\u016f\u017eou snadno p\u0159en\u00e9st bakterie. Nav\u00edc je kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, tak\u017ee proniknou rychleji vzh\u016fru, a\u017e do mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e. Pokud vyvolaj\u00ed infekci, hroz\u00ed, \u017ee se dostane a\u017e do ledvin, kde m\u016f\u017ee v krajn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vyvolat jejich selh\u00e1n\u00ed.
\nProto by \u017eeny m\u011bly dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u00edt, \u010dasto vyprazd\u0148ovat mo\u010dov\u00fd m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159 a d\u00e1vat si pozor, aby neprochladly. U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 je i to, kdy\u017e zajdou na toaletu co nejd\u0159\u00edv po pohlavn\u00edm styku. P\u0159i n\u011bm m\u016f\u017ee snadno doj\u00edt k zanesen\u00ed bakteri\u00ed z pochvy nebo z oblasti hr\u00e1ze do mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest. Je tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 opl\u00e1chnout si intimn\u00ed m\u00edsta hned po soulo\u017ei \u010distou vodou.
\nPravd\u011bpodobnost n\u00e1kazy zvy\u0161uj\u00ed i \u00fanava, stresy nebo nevysp\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed imunitu. Podobn\u011b jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 vir\u00f3zy. P\u0159i prvn\u00edch sign\u00e1lech obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed (p\u00e1len\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed nebo bolest p\u0159i mo\u010den\u00ed) je pot\u0159eba okam\u017eit\u011b zaj\u00edt za l\u00e9ka\u0159em. Na prevenci by krom\u011b \u017een m\u011bli hodn\u011b db\u00e1t i diabetici, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sklon k t\u011bmto infekc\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Kameny bol\u00ed<\/p>\n
Kameny nebo p\u00edsek v ledvin\u00e1ch a v mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch tr\u00e1p\u00ed naopak daleko v\u00edc mu\u017ee. Objevuj\u00ed se u nich a\u017e t\u0159ikr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e u \u017een. Vznikaj\u00ed vysr\u00e1\u017een\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00fdch sol\u00ed nebo miner\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed v mo\u010di rozpustn\u00e9, ale za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jejich krystalizaci a p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b v nerozpustn\u00fd k\u00e1men. Existuje jich n\u011bkolik druh\u016f, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na l\u00e1tce, ze kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed. Tr\u00e1p\u00ed asi 4 % populace a pat\u0159\u00ed k nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm, \u010dasto i velmi bolestiv\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm.
\nRizikem, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku kamen\u016f, je nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce v horku, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 nedostate\u010dn\u011b pijeme. T\u011blo pak tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u00e1lo mo\u010di a ta je hodn\u011b koncentrovan\u00e1, tedy tmav\u00e1. Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou, \u017ee se hodn\u011b lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pracovali v zem\u00edch na severu Afriky nebo na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b, vracelo do republiky s ledvinov\u00fdmi kameny.
\nDal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohou b\u00fdt zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 dispozice, ale t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 konzumace soli a masa, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b potravin obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch b\u00edlkoviny, puriny a \u0161\u0165avelany spolu s mal\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem v\u00e1pn\u00edku. Nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvody.
\nProbl\u00e9m se d\u00e1 v\u010das zjistit vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm mo\u010de (p\u0159\u00edtomnost krve, krystal\u016f), ale tak\u00e9 hodnoty pH, v\u00e1pn\u00edku, kyseliny mo\u010dov\u00e9 v krvi a dal\u0161\u00edch parametr\u016f, kter\u00e9 zmapuj\u00ed \u010dinnost ledvin.<\/p>\n
Smutn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 prvenstv\u00ed<\/p>\n
\u010cesk\u00e9 republice pat\u0159\u00ed smutn\u00e9 prvenstv\u00ed v Evrop\u011b, pokud jde o v\u00fdskyt rakoviny ledvin. Ro\u010dn\u011b u n\u00e1s onemocn\u00ed 3000 pacient\u016f. Nemoc nem\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd jasn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edznak. Pokud se objev\u00ed krev v mo\u010di, bolest v boku nebo v z\u00e1dech, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ztr\u00e1ta v\u00e1hy, jde u\u017e \u010dasto o n\u00e1dor v pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch stadi\u00edch, kter\u00fd je h\u016f\u0159 l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd. V\u0161echny tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky ov\u0161em mohou m\u00edt i jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u2013 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je v\u017edy pot\u0159eba nav\u0161t\u00edvit l\u00e9ka\u0159e.
\nNebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1s rakovina postihne, zvy\u0161uje kou\u0159en\u00ed, obezita a nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e1 hypertenze. Ale tak\u00e9 j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek bohat\u00fd na \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky a \u010dast\u00e1 konzumace sma\u017een\u00fdch j\u00eddel i uzenin. Rizikov\u00fd je rovn\u011b\u017e kontakt s chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami a bohu\u017eel tak\u00e9 dlouhodob\u00fd \u017eivot na um\u011bl\u00e9 ledvin\u011b, tedy na dial\u00fdze.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/p>\n
Lid\u00ed, kter\u00fdm selhaly ledviny, je v \u010cR asi 10 000. T\u0159etina z nich se do\u010dkala transplantace org\u00e1nu od d\u00e1rce, dv\u011b t\u0159etiny pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed um\u011blou led vinu, tedy odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadn\u00edch l\u00e1tek pomoc\u00ed dial\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n
Dejte si grapefruit<\/p>\n
Antioxidant naringenin, kter\u00fd obsahuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad grapefruity, zpomaluje podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f r\u016fst cyst v ledvin\u00e1ch. V\u00fdzkum je sice teprve na za\u010d\u00e1tku, ale lid\u00e9, kter\u00e9 cysty tr\u00e1p\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u011b neud\u011blaj\u00ed chybu, kdy\u017e do sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku za\u0159ad\u00ed i jinak prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 grapefruity.<\/p>\n
Preventivn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed ledvin podstoup\u00ed jen \u010dtvrtina \u010cech\u016f, 75 procent populace naopak nezaj\u00edm\u00e1.<\/p>\n
PETR VESEL\u00dd
\nSTYL \u2013 Pr\u00e1vo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ledviny p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b v\u00fdkonnou \u010disti\u010dku odpadn\u00edch vod. I kdy\u017e jsou velk\u00e9 jako p\u011bst, zvl\u00e1dnou za den p\u0159efiltrovat zhruba 150 litr\u016f krve. Z n\u00ed odd\u011bl\u00ed odpadn\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25755"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25755\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}