{"id":25922,"date":"2016-06-24T11:14:50","date_gmt":"2016-06-24T09:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25922"},"modified":"2016-06-24T11:14:50","modified_gmt":"2016-06-24T09:14:50","slug":"lekari-interni-hematologicke-a-onkologicke-kliniky-fakultni-nemocnice-brno-zaznamenali-ojedinely-objev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25922","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e9ka\u0159i Intern\u00ed hematologick\u00e9 a onkologick\u00e9 kliniky Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Brno zaznamenali ojedin\u011bl\u00fd objev"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 rychlej\u0161\u00ed metoda pro diagnostiku invazivn\u00edch mykotick\u00fdch infekc\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 s oslabenou imunitou, zejm\u00e9na pak ti s onkologick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed kortikoidy, nemocn\u00ed diabetem \u010di oslaben\u00ed pobytem na JIP, mohou m\u00edt z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy kvasinek a pl\u00edsn\u00ed. Tyto mikroorganismy u nich mohou b\u011bhem velice kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby zp\u016fsobit takov\u00e9 infekce, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euj\u00ed lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot a vedou i ke smrti \u010dlov\u011bka, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku nemoci m\u00e1 posti\u017een\u00fd pouze zcela necharakteristick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, jako je du\u0161nost a hore\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00fasp\u011bch l\u00e9\u010dby t\u011bchto infekc\u00ed u nemocn\u00fdch s oslabenou imunitou je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 nejen mikroorganismus \u010di jeho \u010d\u00e1sti v t\u011ble zachytit, ale tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b a rychle identifikovat druh pl\u00edsn\u011b \u010di kvasinky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. L\u00e9\u010dba jednotliv\u00fdch infekc\u00ed se toti\u017e li\u0161\u00ed a pozdn\u011b \u010di nespr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolen\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba v\u00fdznamn\u011b zhor\u0161uje progn\u00f3zu nemocn\u00fdch s t\u011bmito \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edmi infekcemi.<\/p>\n

Rychle a p\u0159esn\u011b (c\u00edlen\u011b) diagnostikovat p\u016fvodce t\u011bchto tzv. invazivn\u00edch mykotick\u00fdch infekc\u00ed bylo a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pracovn\u00edci Centra molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie a genov\u00e9 terapie p\u0159i Intern\u00ed hematologick\u00e9 a onkologick\u00e9 klinice Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Brno v\u0161ak vyvinuli a otestovali novou diagnostickou metodu pro rychl\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed klinick\u00fdch vzork\u016f na p\u0159\u00edtomnost pro \u010dlov\u011bka patogenn\u00edch kvasinek a pl\u00edsn\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e radik\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mortality t\u011bchto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee jinak dos\u00e1hnout 50 a\u017e 90 procent.<\/p>\n

„Nov\u011b vyvinut\u00e1 metoda je zalo\u017eena na detekci evolu\u010dn\u011b konzervativn\u00edch (spole\u010dn\u00fdch) \u00fasek\u016f DNA v genomu kvasinek a pl\u00edsn\u00ed a jejich podrobn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy pomoc\u00ed tzv. anal\u00fdzy k\u0159ivek t\u00e1n\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o vysoce citlivou a rychlou metodu, kterou lze vyu\u017e\u00edvat k z\u00e1chytu jedno- i v\u00edcenukleotidov\u00fdch z\u00e1m\u011bn, kter\u00e9 jsou specifick\u00e9 pro jednotliv\u00e9 rody a druhy. Umo\u017e\u0148uje velmi rychlou detekci (3 hodiny) a p\u0159edb\u011b\u017enou identifikaci p\u016fvodce a tak nahrazuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 star\u0161\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u011b biologick\u00e9 metody, kter\u00e9 pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed obdobn\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku vy\u017eadovaly sekvenaci DNA, co\u017e vedlo k n\u011bkolikadenn\u00edmu zdr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i vyd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f,“ \u0159ekl p\u0159ednosta Intern\u00ed hematologick\u00e9 a onkologick\u00e9 kliniky FN Brno prof. MUDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Mayer, CSc.<\/p>\n

Organismus zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka kvasinky \u010di pl\u00edsn\u011b odstran\u00ed<\/p>\n

Mikroskopick\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b jsou p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v\u0161ude v na\u0161em okol\u00ed, kvasinky pak b\u011b\u017en\u011b kolonizuj\u00ed povrch lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla (k\u016f\u017ei sliznice). Pl\u00edsn\u011b se do lidsk\u00e9ho organismu nej\u010dast\u011bji dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed po vdechnut\u00ed spor, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u0161ak u lid\u00ed se zdrav\u00fdm imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem okam\u017eit\u011b odstran\u011bny p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi obrann\u00fdmi mechanismy. Podobn\u011b pak kvasinky kolonizuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 povrchy pronikaj\u00ed do hlub\u0161\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed jen v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto obrann\u00fdch mechanism\u016f. Ke vzniku onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00ed jedinci, jejich\u017e imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je oslaben (nap\u0159. onkologick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm a jejich l\u00e9\u010dbou, l\u00e9\u010dbou kortikoidy, diabetem, pobytem na JIP atd.). Pro vznik \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch \u2212 invazivn\u00edch infekc\u00ed \u2212 je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rizikem neutropenie (pokles hladiny kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bun\u011bk imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pod fyziologickou hladinu). Neutropenie je zp\u016fsobena \u00fatlumem krvetvorby, nej\u010dast\u011bji v d\u016fsledku chemoterapie u onkologick\u00fdch pacient\u016f nebo v souvislosti s nep\u0159\u00edbuzeneckou transplantac\u00ed hematopoetick\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk (nap\u0159. u nemocn\u00fdch s akutn\u00ed leuk\u00e9mi\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Pro z\u00e1chranu \u010dlov\u011bka m\u00e1 v\u00fdznam okam\u017eit\u00e9 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby<\/p>\n

Diagnostika invazivn\u00edch mykotick\u00fdch infekc\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, proto\u017ee klinick\u00e9 projevy jsou velmi nespecifick\u00e9 (du\u0161nost, hore\u010dka…). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se ale tyto infekce u nemocn\u00fdch s oslabenou imunitou vyzna\u010duj\u00ed neoby\u010dejn\u011b rychl\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem, kdy ke dramatick\u00e9mu zhor\u0161en\u00ed klinick\u00e9ho stavu dojde b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo dn\u00ed. Pro progn\u00f3zu pacienta m\u00e1 tedy zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam okam\u017eit\u00e9 zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby, pro kter\u00e9 je v\u0161ak kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 identifikace p\u016fvodce. \u010casn\u00e1 diagnostika a n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u010dasn\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 antimykotick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby s efektem na dan\u00fd typ mikroorganismu umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mortality.<\/p>\n

Tato metoda, je\u017e byla prov\u011b\u0159ena testov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bkolika set klinick\u00fdch vzork\u016f, je ji\u017e nyn\u00ed rutinn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na ve Fakultn\u00ed nemocnici Brno a k 15. 3. 2016 byla zaps\u00e1na jako u\u017eitn\u00fd vzor na \u00da\u0159adu pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed \u010cR. Metoda byla vyvinuta v r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed grantov\u00e9ho projektu Centrum kompetence pro molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed diagnostiku a personalizovanou medic\u00ednu podpo\u0159en\u00e9ho Technologickou agenturou \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n

Parlamentn\u00ed Listy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 rychlej\u0161\u00ed metoda pro diagnostiku invazivn\u00edch mykotick\u00fdch infekc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25922\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}