{"id":25936,"date":"2016-06-27T15:57:57","date_gmt":"2016-06-27T13:57:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25936"},"modified":"2016-06-27T15:57:57","modified_gmt":"2016-06-27T13:57:57","slug":"palmovy-olej-vite-o-nem-vsechno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25936","title":{"rendered":"Palmov\u00fd olej \u2013 v\u00edte o n\u011bm v\u0161echno?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Palmov\u00fd olej je kl\u00ed\u010dovou surovinou v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a kosmetick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, najdeme ho v krmivech i biopalivech, v Asii je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n na va\u0159en\u00ed stejn\u011b jako u n\u00e1s olej \u0159epkov\u00fd \u010di slune\u010dnicov\u00fd. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho nahradit? Co by to pro n\u00e1s znamenalo?<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Palmov\u00fd olej a potraviny<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;V pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin se palmov\u00fd olej pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ze dvou d\u016fvod\u016f. V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pln\u00ed funkci, tzv. strukturn\u00edho tuku. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uje nap\u0159\u00edklad tuhost v\u00fdrobk\u016f a zabra\u0148uje hrudkovat\u011bn\u00ed. Druh\u00fdm d\u016fvodem je dobr\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 stabilita, d\u00edky kter\u00e9 nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i tepeln\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b a sma\u017een\u00ed k ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m,&#8220; vysv\u011btluje doc. Ing. Ji\u0159\u00ed Br\u00e1t, CSc., p\u0159edseda v\u00fdboru pro zdravotn\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed politiku Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 komory \u010cR.<\/p>\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se \u010dasto \u0159e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1hrada palmov\u00e9ho oleje v potravin\u00e1ch. P\u0159itom samotn\u00fd palmov\u00fd olej ji\u017e p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1hradu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ztu\u017een\u00fdch tuk\u016f. Ty byly v potravin\u00e1ch omezeny kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9mu obsahu \u0161kodliv\u00fdch transmastn\u00fdch kyselin. Pokud je palmov\u00fd olej z\u00e1kladem sma\u017een\u00ed, je mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00edsto n\u011bj vyu\u017e\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed odr\u016fdy \u0159epkov\u00e9ho \u010di slune\u010dnicov\u00e9ho oleje. Jejich p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed je omezen\u00e9, byl by pot\u0159eba odd\u011blen\u00fd v\u00fdkup a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b realizovateln\u00e9. Vhodn\u00fd nen\u00ed ani kokosov\u00fd tuk pro vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee palma kokosov\u00e1 m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost ne\u017e palma olejn\u00e1, bylo by nutn\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161it plochu plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Pomoci nemohou ani \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky jako s\u00e1dlo a l\u016fj, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty v\u00fdroby masa.<\/p>\n<p>Palmov\u00fd olej a v\u00fd\u017eiva<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z argument\u016f proti palmov\u00e9mu oleji je vysok\u00fd obsah nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin. M\u011bli bychom si ale uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ty jsou hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou t\u00e9\u017e v ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9m tuku, tedy i m\u00e1sle. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b op\u011bvovan\u00fd kokosov\u00fd tuk m\u00e1 pod\u00edl nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e olej palmov\u00fd. \u201eRozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed je v\u017edy pom\u011br mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi mastn\u00fdmi kyselinami. Pokud je ve slo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdrobku uveden palmov\u00fd olej, neznamen\u00e1 to automaticky \u0161patn\u00fd produkt. V kombinaci s jin\u00fdmi oleji, je v\u00fdsledn\u00fd pom\u011br nasycen\u00fdch a nenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 dietolo\u017eka PhDr. Karol\u00edna Hlavat\u00e1, Ph.D. Nezapom\u00ednejme, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed palmov\u00e9ho oleje je men\u0161\u00ed zlo, ne\u017e \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ztu\u017een\u00e9 tuky.<\/p>\n<p>Je v tom palmov\u00fd olej s\u00e1m?<\/p>\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech roste nejen spot\u0159eba palmov\u00e9ho tuku, ale v\u0161ech rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f. Na vin\u011b p\u0159itom nen\u00ed jenom Evropa. Ta se v obdob\u00ed 2015\/2016 pod\u00edlela na celosv\u011btov\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b palmov\u00e9ho oleje jen z 11 %. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi spot\u0159ebiteli jsou asijsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, kde se palma olejn\u00e1 p\u011bstuje a olej z n\u00ed je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v dom\u00e1cnostech a restaurac\u00edch stejn\u011b jako u n\u00e1s olej \u0159epkov\u00fd \u010di slune\u010dnicov\u00fd. D\u016fvodem r\u016fstu spot\u0159eby v Evropsk\u00e9 unii jsou pak p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b biopaliva. Palmov\u00fd olej pro biopaliva ji\u017e v Evropsk\u00e9 unii p\u0159edstihl jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed ve v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin a kosmetiky dohromady.<\/p>\n<p>Co s t\u00edm?<\/p>\n<p>\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm je p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed palmy olejn\u00e9 z udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. To je c\u00edlem Kulat\u00e9ho stolu o udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 produkci palmov\u00e9ho oleje (RSPO), kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 jeho certifikac\u00ed. Udr\u017eitelnost je zaru\u010dena nutnost\u00ed splnit krit\u00e9ria, jako jsou mj. ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1kazu zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00edch prales\u016f, podpora m\u00edstn\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, ochrana pr\u00e1v m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edry chudoby v regionu. Certifikace se vztahuje nejen na p\u011bstitele palmy olejn\u00e9 a v\u00fdrobce oleje, ale v\u0161echny \u010dl\u00e1nky dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\n<p>focus &#8211; age<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Palmov\u00fd olej je kl\u00ed\u010dovou surovinou v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a kosmetick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, najdeme ho v krmivech i biopalivech, v Asii je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n na va\u0159en\u00ed stejn\u011b jako u <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25936\" title=\"Palmov\u00fd olej \u2013 v\u00edte o n\u011bm v\u0161echno?\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5894,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25936"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25936\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}