Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b je S\u00daKL v n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech nahl\u00e1\u0161en vznik autismu jako ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek po aplikaci vakc\u00edny proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m, zard\u011bnk\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nic\u00edm (MMR vakc\u00edna). V roce 2015 jsme takov\u00fdch hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159ijali celkem 6.
\nAutismus pat\u0159\u00ed mezi neurov\u00fdvojov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jde o star\u0161\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9 skupiny poruch, pro kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 term\u00edn\u00a0poruchy autistick\u00e9ho spektra (ASD). Jeho p\u0159esn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma. Tyto poruchy jsou charakterizov\u00e1ny poruchou vztahu k okol\u00ed, sv\u011btu a lidem.\u00a0Projevuj\u00ed se\u00a0v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed, nedostatky v komunikaci a omezen\u00fdm a repetitivn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm a z\u00e1jmy. Osoby s autismem nejsou schopny vst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fdch mimick\u00fdch projev\u016f, vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed se o\u010dn\u00edmu kontaktu, maj\u00ed poruchu v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikaci. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed poruchy pozornosti,\u00a0epilepsie \u010di ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardace.<\/p>\n
V roce 1998 dr. Andrew Wakefield publikoval v \u010dasopisu Lancet studii 12 d\u011bt\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch po o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed vakc\u00ednou proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m, zard\u011bnk\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nic\u00edm do\u0161lo ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly p\u0159ed onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b komunikace, a sou\u010dasn\u011b se u nich objevil pr\u016fjem a bolest b\u0159icha. Histologie u 11 z nich potvrdila chronick\u00fd st\u0159evn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt, u 9 sledovan\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed byl diagnostikov\u00e1n autismus. Po n\u011bkolika letech byl odhalen finan\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159et z\u00e1jm\u016f Andrewa Wakefielda a pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f studie. \u010casopis Lancet n\u00e1sledn\u011b anuloval p\u016fvodn\u00ed publikaci studie. I p\u0159esto v\u0161ak z\u00e1v\u011bry t\u00e9to studie vyvolaly obavy z o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed MMR vakc\u00ednou, vedly ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed proo\u010dkovanosti a n\u00e1sledn\u011b ke vzr\u016fstu po\u010dtu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed spalni\u010dkami a p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nicemi.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee od doby studie dr. Wakefielda byly uve\u0159ejn\u011bny dal\u0161\u00ed studie a anal\u00fdzy, kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dnou spojitost mezi o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm a vznikem autismu nepotvrdily, obavy z t\u00e9to mo\u017en\u00e9 spojitosti ve spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Krom\u011b podez\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na vakc\u00edny padlo v d\u016fsledku Wakefieldovy studie, je d\u016fvodem p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho podez\u0159en\u00ed i \u010dasov\u00e1 souvislost mezi pod\u00e1n\u00edm MMR vakc\u00edny (vakc\u00edny proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m, zard\u011bnk\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nic\u00edm ) a prvn\u00edmi projevy autismu, kter\u00e9 rodi\u010d posti\u017een\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte zaznamen\u00e1. Je nutno poznamenat, \u017ee \u010dasov\u00e1 souvislost je pouze jednou z podm\u00ednek kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed souvislosti, sama o sob\u011b automaticky prok\u00e1zanou kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed souvislost neznamen\u00e1. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou pozorovan\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 souvislosti je s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee vakcinace proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m, zard\u011bnk\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nic\u00edm je pod\u00e1v\u00e1na pr\u00e1v\u011b ve v\u011bku, ve kter\u00e9m se \u010dasto projevuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky autismu.<\/p>\n
Naposledy vztah mezi o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm MMR vakc\u00ednou a vznikem autismu vylou\u010dila velk\u00e1 studie proveden\u00e1 v USA, kter\u00e1 byla publikov\u00e1na v roce 2015 v \u010dasopisu JAMA. Jednalo se o\u00a0studii, kter\u00e1 sledovala d\u011bti mezi lety 2001\u20132012 od jejich narozen\u00ed do 5 let v\u011bku.<\/strong> D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 byly o\u010dkov\u00e1ny 1 nebo 2 d\u00e1vkami MMR vakc\u00edny byly porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 nedostaly \u017e\u00e1dnou d\u00e1vku. Ve studii bylo zahrnuto 95 727 d\u011bt\u00ed se star\u0161\u00edm sourozencem, z nich\u017e celkem 1 929 d\u011bt\u00ed (2,01 %) m\u011blo sourozence s diagn\u00f3zou ASD, tedy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko rozvoje ASD. Z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu byla u 994 d\u011bt\u00ed (1,04 %) diagnostikov\u00e1na porucha autistick\u00e9ho spektra, z nich m\u011blo 134 d\u011bt\u00ed sourozence s diagn\u00f3zou ASD.<\/p>\n Ve studii bylo hodnoceno riziko vzniku autismu ve 2 a v 5 letech u d\u011bt\u00ed neo\u010dkovan\u00fdch, o\u010dkovan\u00fdch 1 a 2 d\u00e1vkami MMR vakc\u00edny s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k tomu, zda tyto d\u011bti m\u011bly zdrav\u00e9ho sourozence \u010di sourozence s ASD. U d\u011bt\u00ed se star\u0161\u00edm sourozencem s ASD bylo relativn\u00ed riziko rozvoje ASD u o\u010dkovan\u00fdch 1 d\u00e1vkou MMR vakc\u00edny oproti neo\u010dkovan\u00fdm ve 2 letech 0.76, u o\u010dkovan\u00fdch 2 d\u00e1vkami oproti neo\u010dkovan\u00fdm v 5 letech 0.56. U d\u011bt\u00ed bez posti\u017een\u00e9ho sourozence bylo relativn\u00ed riziko rozvoje ASD u o\u010dkovan\u00fdch 1 d\u00e1vkou MMR vakc\u00edny oproti neo\u010dkovan\u00fdm ve 2 letech 0.91, u o\u010dkovan\u00fdch 2 d\u00e1vkami oproti neo\u010dkovan\u00fdm v 5 letech 1.09.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky nenazna\u010duj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou souvislost mezi o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm MMR vakc\u00ednou a vznikem poruchy autistick\u00e9ho spektra bez ohledu na to, zda sourozenec sledovan\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte m\u011bl poruchu autistick\u00e9ho spektra. Jedn\u00e1 se o studii autismu, do kter\u00e9 byl zahrnut zat\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed a svou robustnost\u00ed velmi v\u00fdznamn\u011b podporuje dosavadn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, \u017ee vznik poruch autistick\u00e9ho spektra \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem nesouvis\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00ed vakcinac\u00ed, a to ani u d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko vzniku ASD (zde sourozence s touto poruchou).<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b je S\u00daKL v n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech nahl\u00e1\u0161en vznik autismu jako ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek po aplikaci vakc\u00edny proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m, zard\u011bnk\u00e1m a p\u0159\u00edu\u0161nic\u00edm (MMR vakc\u00edna). V roce 2015 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25950\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}