T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny handicapovan\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se loni vzd\u011bl\u00e1valy v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Rozd\u00edly jsou ale ve financov\u00e1n\u00ed i po\u010dtu asistent\u016f<\/p>\n
PRAHA U\u017e za n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed se v tuzemsk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch rozb\u011bhne tolik sklo\u0148ovan\u00e1 inkluze. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch i jakkoliv handicapovan\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f stra\u0161\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 u\u010ditele, rodi\u010de a kritizuj\u00ed ho i z\u00e1stupci politik\u016f. Jejich obava, \u017ee na za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zaplav\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly handicapovan\u00e9 d\u011bti, se ukazuje \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce jako lich\u00e1.
\nNyn\u00ed to dokazuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 studie, kterou si nechala vypracovat Nadace Open Society Fund. Odborn\u00edci pro ni zanalyzovali v\u00fdvoj inkluzivn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve 14 kraj\u00edch \u010ceska v posledn\u00edch letech a tak\u00e9 to, jak se k n\u011bmu stav\u011bla v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 politika, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 s ohledem na financov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kol.
\nHlavn\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol ji\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed 63 procent \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed diagnostikovanou n\u011bkterou ze speci\u00e1ln\u00edch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch pot\u0159eb. „Za cel\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 obdob\u00ed lze ve v\u0161ech regionech pozorovat jasn\u00fd posun sm\u011brem ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch,“ sd\u011blila Lucie Ple\u0161kov\u00e1 z Nadace OSF s t\u00edm, \u017ee jde o individu\u00e1ln\u00ed integraci \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Doch\u00e1zej\u00ed tedy do t\u0159\u00edd mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky.
\nV n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch \u010d\u00edsla ale stoupaj\u00ed jen proto, \u017ee v tamn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch vznikaj\u00ed segregovan\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy pro handicapovan\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p>\n
\u010cesko v pop\u0159ed\u00ed, nelichotiv\u011b<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1rove\u0148 organizace z dat ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed vysledovala pokles \u0161kol, kter\u00e9 jsou ur\u010deny pro \u017e\u00e1ky s handicapem. Mezi lety 2012 a 2015 do\u0161lo k jejich poklesu o zhruba p\u011bt procent \u2013 tedy skon\u010dilo 21 \u0161kol.
\nI kdy\u017e se ale na prvn\u00ed pohled ukazuj\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla jako povzbudiv\u00e1, zmezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho srovn\u00e1n\u00ed tuzemsko nevych\u00e1z\u00ed rozhodn\u011b dob\u0159e. Podle posledn\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f z roku 2010, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesla Evropsk\u00e1 komise, je \u010cesko na \u010dtvrt\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v tom, jak\u00fd pod\u00edl \u017e\u00e1k\u016f m\u00e1 diagnostikovanou n\u011bkterou ze speci\u00e1ln\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch pot\u0159eb. Takov\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f je 8,6 procenta. Do takzvan\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol jich doch\u00e1z\u00ed 3,6 procenta z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu \u017e\u00e1k\u016f.
\nP\u0159itom st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 obsadily prvn\u00ed t\u0159i p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky v pod\u00edlu handicapovan\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, jsou na chvostu v pod\u00edlu d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se u\u010d\u00ed ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad na Islandu m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fd handicap p\u0159i vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly jich chod\u00ed jenom 0,3 procenta. Tv\u016frci anal\u00fdzy pro Nadaci OSF ale upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 srovn\u00e1van\u00e9 st\u00e1ty posuzuj\u00ed \u0161kol\u00e1ky podle sv\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek.
\nI jednotliv\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 kraje p\u0159istupuj\u00ed podle anal\u00fdzy k inkluzi velmi rozd\u00edln\u011b. \u0160kol\u00e1m na posti\u017een\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky d\u00e1valy kraje rozd\u00edln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz a li\u0161ily se i zp\u016fsoby diagn\u00f3z. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl handicapovan\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch je v Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9hradeck\u00e9m kraji \u2013 dvan\u00e1ct procent, v Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji nedosahuje ani p\u011bti procent. „Demografick\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami by p\u0159itom m\u011blo b\u00fdt rovnom\u011brn\u00e9,“ upozor\u0148uje Ple\u0161kov\u00e1. Kdy\u017e ale odborn\u00edci vylou\u010dili ze statistiky \u017e\u00e1ky s leh\u010d\u00edmi poruchami u\u010den\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed, rozd\u00edl se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 set\u0159el. Probl\u00e9m je podle nadace v regionech, kde je vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl romsk\u00e9ho etnika. T\u011bmto d\u011btem je toti\u017e \u010dasto diagnostikov\u00e1no lehk\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Politick\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed inkluze v kraj\u00edch<\/p>\n
Jenom\u017ee v sou\u010dasnosti se posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed s handicapemahlavn\u011b financov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v kraj\u00edch podle nadace posuzuje sp\u00ed\u0161e politicky. „Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed v\u017edy na v\u016fli krajsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu a krajsk\u00fdch zastupitel\u016f, zda je pro n\u011b inkluzivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prioritou a jak\u00fd objem finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na n\u011bj uvoln\u00ed,“ \u0159ekla Ple\u0161kov\u00e1.
\nSrovnat, kter\u00fd kraj d\u00e1v\u00e1 na inkluzi v\u00edce pen\u011bz, moc dob\u0159e nejde. V Moravskoslezsk\u00e9m kraji loni pos\u00edlali \u0161kole na \u017e\u00e1ka s lehk\u00fdm ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm k z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stce ur\u010den\u00e9 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159\u00edplatek 3 000, na Vyso\u010din\u011b 21 000 a v Praze 51 000 korun.
\nJen\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 kraje, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1valy do \u0161kol zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vysok\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edplatky, poskytuj\u00ed zase m\u00e9n\u011b pen\u011bz na asistenty pedagoga, kte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed handicapovan\u00fdm d\u011btem p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159i v\u00fduce. Podle anal\u00fdzy jde nap\u0159\u00edklad o Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9hradeck\u00fd a Karlovarsk\u00fd kraj. N\u011bkter\u00e9 kraje se zase v po\u010dtu asistent\u016f pedagoga dostaly v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce na \u00farove\u0148 jin\u00fdch v roce 2012.
\n„Nelze proto zaru\u010dit, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011bti, kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed do stejn\u00e9ho typu \u0161koly a m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eby, se tak\u00e9 dostane stejn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de,“ dodala Ple\u0161kov\u00e1. P\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 novela \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona by m\u011bla financov\u00e1n\u00ed sjednotit. Poslanci ji v polovin\u011b \u010dervence podpo\u0159ili v prvn\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed.
\n—<\/p>\n
Celkov\u00fd po\u010det \u017e\u00e1k\u016f
\nse speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi
\nvzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami
\nna z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch
\nv roce 2015
\nKr\u00e1lov\u00e9hradeck\u00fd kraj 5761 12,2 %
\n\u00dasteck\u00fd kraj 8247 11,2 %
\nKarlovarsk\u00fd kraj 2675 11,0 %
\nMoravskoslezsk\u00fd kraj 11 012 10,8 %
\nHl. m. Praha 8713 9,3 %
\nPlze\u0148sk\u00fd kraj 4407 9,2 %
\nKraj Vyso\u010dina 3915 9,1 %
\nOlomouck\u00fd kraj 4781 9,0 %
\nLibereck\u00fd kraj 3454 8,9 %
\nSt\u0159edo\u010desk\u00fd kraj 9661 8,4 %
\nPardubick\u00fd kraj 3669 8,3 %
\nJihomoravsk\u00fd kraj 6542 6,8 %
\nZl\u00ednsk\u00fd kraj 3284 6,7 %
\nJiho\u010desk\u00fd kraj 2596 4,8 %
\n\u010cesko celkem 78 717 8,9 %
\nkraje, Zdroj: M\u0160MT pod\u00edl na celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu
\nvzd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f<\/p>\n
\u010cesko pat\u0159\u00ed mezi zem\u011b s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s diagnostikovan\u00fdmi speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami. Rovn\u011b\u017e dominuje v tom, kolik jich doch\u00e1z\u00ed do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly.<\/p>\n
Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n
– Pod\u00edl \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s diagnostikovanou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed pot\u0159ebou<\/p>\n
– Pod\u00edl t\u011bchto \u017e\u00e1k\u016f ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch na celkov\u00e9m po\u010dtu \u017e\u00e1k\u016f<\/p>\n
ISLAND<\/p>\n
24<\/p>\n
– 0,3<\/p>\n
FINSKO<\/p>\n
8,1<\/p>\n
1,2<\/p>\n
NORSKO<\/p>\n
– 8 %<\/p>\n
0,3 %<\/p>\n
\u0160V\u00c9DSKO<\/p>\n
1,5 %<\/p>\n
0,06 %<\/p>\n
ESTONSKO<\/p>\n
– 9,2 %<\/p>\n
– 3 %<\/p>\n
LOTY\u0160SKO<\/p>\n
– 4,8 %<\/p>\n
– 3,4 %<\/p>\n
LITVA<\/p>\n
– 11,7 % \/<\/p>\n
– 1 %<\/p>\n
D\u00c1NSKO<\/p>\n
4,6 % \/<\/p>\n
1,8 %<\/p>\n
VELK\u00c1 BRIT\u00c1NIE Skotsko<\/p>\n
– 7 %<\/p>\n
– 1 %<\/p>\n
NIZOZEMSKO<\/p>\n
4,3 % \/<\/p>\n
2,7 %<\/p>\n
POLSKO<\/p>\n
2,8 % \/<\/p>\n
– 1,3 %<\/p>\n
N\u011aMECKO<\/p>\n
– 5,8 % \/<\/p>\n
4,8 %<\/p>\n
Anglie<\/p>\n
2,8 %<\/p>\n
1,2 %<\/p>\n
IRSKO<\/p>\n
– 5,2 %<\/p>\n
0,8 %<\/p>\n
Wales<\/p>\n
– 3,4 % \/<\/p>\n
0,8 %<\/p>\n
BELGIE Vl\u00e1msk\u00e1<\/p>\n
– 6,2 %<\/p>\n
5,2 %<\/p>\n
LUCEMBURSKO<\/p>\n
2,2 %<\/p>\n
– 1 %<\/p>\n
\u010cESKO<\/p>\n
– 8,6 %<\/p>\n
– 3,6 %<\/p>\n
Valonsk\u00e1<\/p>\n
4,5 % \/<\/p>\n
– 4,4 %<\/p>\n
RAKOUSKO<\/p>\n
– 3,5 % \/<\/p>\n
– 1,5 %<\/p>\n
MA\u010eARSKO<\/p>\n
5,5 %<\/p>\n
2,6 %<\/p>\n
FRANCIE 2,8 % \/<\/p>\n
0,6 %<\/p>\n
\u0160V\u00ddCARSKO<\/p>\n
5,4 %<\/p>\n
2,1 %<\/p>\n
SLOVINSKO<\/p>\n
2,7 %<\/p>\n
– 1,7 %<\/p>\n
\u0160PAN\u011aLSKO<\/p>\n
– 2,35 %<\/p>\n
0,4 %<\/p>\n
PORTUGALSKO<\/p>\n
2,7 %<\/p>\n
0,2 %<\/p>\n
IT\u00c1LIE<\/p>\n
2,3 % \/<\/p>\n
0,01 %<\/p>\n
BULHARSKO<\/p>\n
– 2 %<\/p>\n
1,1 %<\/p>\n
\u0158ECKO<\/p>\n
– 2,6 %<\/p>\n
– 2,7 %<\/p>\n
MALTA<\/p>\n
5,4 %<\/p>\n
0,3 %<\/p>\n
KYPR<\/p>\n
– 5,5 %<\/p>\n
– 0,3 %<\/p>\n
\u0160IMON \/ LN<\/p>\n
MICHAELA KAB\u00c1TOV\u00c1
\nLidov\u00e9 noviny<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny handicapovan\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se loni vzd\u011bl\u00e1valy v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Rozd\u00edly jsou ale ve financov\u00e1n\u00ed i po\u010dtu asistent\u016f<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26237\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}