{"id":26283,"date":"2016-09-01T15:03:41","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T13:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=26283"},"modified":"2016-09-01T15:03:41","modified_gmt":"2016-09-01T13:03:41","slug":"nektere-skoly-bude-inkluze-hodne-bolet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=26283","title":{"rendered":"„N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161koly bude inkluze hodn\u011b bolet“"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0158editelka trmick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly se za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed s handicapem neboj\u00ed. Jej\u00ed \u0161kola toti\u017e na tuto praxi najela u\u017e p\u0159ed mnoha lety, dnes se sem dokonce jin\u00ed pedagogov\u00e9 jezd\u00ed inspirovat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

TRMICE Stra\u0161\u00e1k zvan\u00fd inkluze pr\u00e1v\u011b nastal. Ode dne\u0161ka za\u010dala platit novela \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e1 \u0161kol\u00e1m na\u0159izuje p\u0159ij\u00edmat i d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami a poskytnout jim odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed. V trmick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole Tyr\u0161ova se ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 drama nekon\u00e1. Jej\u00ed \u0159editelka Marie Gottfriedov\u00e1 toti\u017e prosazuje inkluzi u\u017e dvan\u00e1ct\u00fdm rokem a nutno \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b. Kvituj\u00ed to \u017e\u00e1ci, rodi\u010de i u\u010ditel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed trmickou \u0161kolu pro jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a pr\u00e1ci s d\u011btmi sami vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed. A filozofii \u0161koly, je\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc i \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm se zdravotn\u00edm \u010di soci\u00e1ln\u00edm znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm, chv\u00e1l\u00ed i odborn\u00edci. „Na \u0161kol\u00e1ch, jejich\u017e pedagogov\u00e9 nejsou inkluzi naklon\u011bni, bude ale jej\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed bolestiv\u00e9. Albert Einstein \u0159ekl, \u017ee je snaz\u0161\u00ed rozb\u00edt atom ne\u017eli p\u0159edsudky,“ poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Marie Gottfriedov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

– Osobnost tohoto fyzika v\u00e1m u\u010darovala natolik, \u017ee si chcete v \u0159editeln\u011b pov\u011bsit jeho portr\u00e9t. Pro\u010d?<\/p>\n

Byl to zaj\u00edmav\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd se pot\u00fdkal se snahami n\u011bkam ho za\u0161katulkovat. Byl jin\u00fd u\u017e v d\u011btsk\u00e9m v\u011bku a jinakost je pro n\u00e1s n\u011bkdy o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek. Jeho portr\u00e9t bude p\u0159ipom\u00ednat to, \u017ee d\u011bti bychom \u0161katulkovat nem\u011bli, naopak jim m\u00e1me nab\u00eddnout co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00edru svobody pro rozvoj. A to plat\u00ed i pro jinakost soci\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1zu, kdy jsou d\u011bti z vylou\u010den\u00fdch lokalit za\u0159azov\u00e1ny do vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f, kam nepat\u0159\u00ed. Ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch maj\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u011bti, kter\u00fdm tento zp\u016fsob vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pom\u016f\u017ee k dosa\u017een\u00ed jejich maxima, ale nem\u011bly by tam b\u00fdt d\u011bti na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9ho zkreslen\u00ed. On se sice Pep\u00ed\u010dek z vylou\u010den\u00e9 lokality, kde maj\u00ed jeden z\u00e1chod na pat\u0159e, m\u016f\u017ee jevit p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu do prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy jako hloup\u00fd, ale to je fale\u0161n\u00fd defekt, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u00e1n nedostate\u010dn\u011b podn\u011btn\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm a \u017eivotn\u00edmi okolnostmi.<\/p>\n

– A va\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem je vytvo\u0159it dostate\u010dn\u011b podn\u011btn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, aby srovnal krok s ostatn\u00edmi?<\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u011b tak. Na\u0161e vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed filozofie stoj\u00ed na jednoduch\u00e9m principu: sna\u017eit se vytvo\u0159it ka\u017ed\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti podm\u00ednky pro dosa\u017een\u00ed jeho maxima. A ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 maximum n\u011bkde jinde. T\u0159eba onen Pep\u00ed\u010dek bude m\u00edt v pololet\u00ed \u010dty\u0159ku, ale za ten p\u016flrok ud\u011bl\u00e1 mnohem v\u00edce pr\u00e1ce ne\u017e n\u011bkdo, kdo p\u0159i\u0161el do \u0161koly l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipraven\u00fd, um\u011bl u\u017e \u010d\u00edst a ps\u00e1t a sb\u00edr\u00e1 jedni\u010dky. Mus\u00edme nastavovat d\u011btem vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed na m\u00edru, zohled\u0148ovat \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, ze kter\u00fdch p\u0159i\u0161ly.<\/p>\n

– Jak ohl\u00edd\u00e1te, aby si spolu jednotliv\u00e9 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed programy nep\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eely? Aby ti pomalej\u0161\u00ed nebrzdili rychlej\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je osobnost u\u010ditele, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed v\u00e9st d\u011bti tak, aby nikomu ve skupin\u011b nebylo nic na \u00fajmu, aby nebyl nikdo brzd\u011bn\u00fd. Jde to. Ale je to obrovsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce. Mus\u00edte z hlavy vyt\u011bsnit, \u017ee pracujete se t\u0159\u00eddou. Nen\u00ed to t\u0159\u00edda, p\u0159ed v\u00e1mi sed\u00ed 20 d\u011bt\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00e9 je jin\u00e9. Je tam M\u00edra, kter\u00fd by se v matematice chytil u vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, ale i P\u00e9\u0165a, kter\u00e9mu to zase moc nejde. A v tom je d\u011btsk\u00fd sv\u011bt fantastick\u00fd, proto\u017ee se samy dok\u00e1\u017eou s rozd\u00edlnost\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1dat. M\u00edra za\u010dne pom\u00e1hat P\u00e9\u0165ovi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e si l\u00e1tku s\u00e1m upev\u0148uje. U\u010ditel ji\u017e dnes nav\u00edc nen\u00ed nositelem informac\u00ed. D\u011bti jich u\u017e spoustu maj\u00ed a um\u011bj\u00ed si je vyhledat. My jim m\u00e1me pom\u00e1hat orientovat se v nich, t\u0159\u00eddit je, um\u011bt o nich diskutovat.<\/p>\n

– Takto se prezentuje lecjak\u00e1 \u0161kola, ale ve skute\u010dnosti to pak vypad\u00e1 jinak.<\/p>\n

Ano, n\u011bkdy je mi a\u017e l\u00edto, jak je \u0161kolstv\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d orientovan\u00e9 na v\u00fdkon. A v\u00fdkon, to jsou jedni\u010dky. Kdy\u017e to nejde, jsou frustrovan\u00e9 d\u011bti, rodi\u010de i u\u010ditel\u00e9. Jedni\u010dka p\u0159itom ve vztahu k \u017eivotu vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed hodnotu nem\u00e1. Zm\u011bna je ale podle m\u011b nevyhnuteln\u00e1 a nejde zastavit. N\u011bjakou dobu to je\u0161t\u011b potrv\u00e1, nejde toti\u017e jen o my\u0161len\u00ed pedagog\u016f, je to z\u00e1le\u017eitost v\u0161ech.<\/p>\n

– P\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1te tento \u0161koln\u00ed rok u\u017e n\u011bjak\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0161kolsk\u00e9 novely?<\/p>\n

To se v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u011b\u017eko zji\u0161\u0165uje, proto\u017ee inkluze u\u017e u n\u00e1s funguje. Pro n\u00e1s se nic nem\u011bn\u00ed. Za posledn\u00edch 12 let jsme nikdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b neodm\u00edtli. Naopak se otev\u00edr\u00e1me st\u00e1le v\u00edce. Do p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy dnes nastupuje chlape\u010dek s kombinac\u00ed vad. M\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed zraku i sluchu, doln\u00edch i horn\u00edch kon\u010detin a lehk\u00e9 nebo st\u0159edn\u00ed ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed. To pro n\u00e1s bude nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek, jak\u00fd jsme zat\u00edm \u0159e\u0161ili. Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee tohle d\u00edt\u011b by na drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u0161kol p\u0159ijato nebylo. Nem\u00edt zku\u0161enosti, tak bych si na to netroufla ani j\u00e1. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce se uk\u00e1\u017ee, jak se mu bude da\u0159it. M\u00e1 ale v\u00fdborn\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed, co\u017e je v\u017edy 50 procent \u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/p>\n

– \u0158ekla jste, \u017ee osobnost u\u010ditele je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. M\u00e1te dostatek kvalitn\u00edch pedagog\u016f?<\/p>\n

M\u00e1me, dnes u\u017e se mi hl\u00e1s\u00ed sami. Kdy\u017e jsem ale ve funkci \u0159editelky za\u010d\u00ednala, tak doch\u00e1zelo k p\u0159irozen\u00e9 genera\u010dn\u00ed obm\u011bn\u011b a u\u010ditele jsme hledali. M\u011blo to v\u0161ak v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee jsem si mohla sbor z v\u011bt\u0161iny postavit sama. Budu rad\u0161i u\u010dit v polorozpadl\u00e9 k\u016fln\u011b s nad\u0161en\u00fdmi lidmi ne\u017e v supermodern\u00ed \u0161kole, kde si ka\u017ed\u00fd jen odpracuje to sv\u00e9. Dnes u\u017e v\u00edm, koho bych si na \u0161kolu vzala a koho ne, i kdyby byl posledn\u00edm u\u010ditelem na sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159i pohovoru to u\u017e pozn\u00e1m. U\u010ditel mus\u00ed um\u011bt d\u011bti nadchnout, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt pln\u00fd nad\u011bje, nesm\u00ed nad nik\u00fdm zlomit h\u016fl. Souvis\u00ed to sp\u00ed\u0161e s postojem k \u017eivotu ne\u017e s diplomem.<\/p>\n

– M\u016f\u017ee inkluze fungovat na \u0161kol\u00e1ch, kde tito pedagogov\u00e9 nejsou?<\/p>\n

Tam to opravdu nebude jednoduch\u00e9. Kdo nen\u00ed inkluzi naklon\u011bn\u00fd, bude ji t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159ij\u00edmat. Nem\u011blo by se tla\u010dit na pilu, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt naopak d\u00e1n prostor na postupn\u00e9 naj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed zm\u011bny, na sd\u00edlen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 praxe. Inkluzivn\u00ed legislativu ale v\u00edt\u00e1m, proto\u017ee n\u00e1s n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem sm\u011bruje. A m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161koly s inkluz\u00ed za\u010dnou, proto\u017ee to od nich ministerstvo chce, ale pak se v tom najdou.<\/p>\n

– Obracej\u00ed se na v\u00e1s kolegov\u00e9 z jin\u00fdch \u0161kol, \u017ee by se cht\u011bli va\u0161\u00ed prax\u00ed inspirovat?<\/p>\n

\u010casto, mus\u00edm dokonce \u017e\u00e1dosti i odm\u00edtat. Z\u00e1jem je takov\u00fd, \u017ee n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy by tu mohly b\u00fdt ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden. Mus\u00edm ale db\u00e1t na to, aby nenaru\u0161ily na\u0161e vnit\u0159n\u00ed klima a klid na pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

– Mysl\u00edte, \u017ee budou nyn\u00ed vznikat soukrom\u00e9 \u0161koly pro d\u011bti rodi\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed z inkluze obavy?<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edch chv\u00edl\u00edch ano, ale snad se z toho nestane trend. Bude hodn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017eet na tom, zda se bude inkluze na \u0161kol\u00e1ch da\u0159it a zda bude patrn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kola je o co nejv\u0161estrann\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nastartov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a k tomu pat\u0159\u00ed i r\u016fznorodost. Setk\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00ed je pro \u017eivot velmi cenn\u00e9. Potrv\u00e1 to n\u011bjakou dobu, ale podle m\u011b se uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee je to zp\u016fsob vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho mohou profitovat v\u0161ichni. Einstein \u0159ekl, \u017ee je daleko snaz\u0161\u00ed rozb\u00edt atom ne\u017e lidsk\u00fd p\u0159edsudek. Lid\u00e9 dnes maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 obavy a inkluzi p\u0159irozen\u011b vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako dal\u0161\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed proud by ale m\u011bl b\u00fdt otev\u0159en\u00fd v\u0161em d\u011btem. Cel\u00e1 spole\u010dnost z toho bude profitovat. A j\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 takovou \u0161kolou projdou, budou sv\u00fdmi schopnostmi a zku\u0161enostmi schopny oponovat \u0161karohl\u00edd\u016fm.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

Fakta: Inkluze v praxi * Od 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 platit, \u017ee sp\u00e1dov\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kola nesm\u00ed odm\u00edtnout \u017e\u00e1ka se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi ze zdravotn\u00edho, ment\u00e1ln\u00edho \u010di soci\u00e1ln\u00edho handicapu. Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou je, pokud \u0161kola prok\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee m\u00e1 napln\u011bnou kapacitu. * \u0160kola tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti poskytnout podp\u016frn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad vyu\u017eit\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch metod a prost\u0159edk\u016f vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kompenza\u010dn\u00ed, rehabilita\u010dn\u00ed a u\u010debn\u00ed pom\u016fcky nebo zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed slu\u017eeb asistenta pedagoga.<\/p>\n

Michal Dvo\u0159\u00e1k<\/p>\n

Mlad\u00e1 fronta DNES<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0158editelka trmick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly se za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed s handicapem neboj\u00ed. Jej\u00ed \u0161kola toti\u017e na tuto praxi najela u\u017e p\u0159ed mnoha lety, dnes se sem dokonce […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14944,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26283"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26283\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}