{"id":26385,"date":"2016-09-15T16:00:01","date_gmt":"2016-09-15T14:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=26385"},"modified":"2016-09-15T16:00:01","modified_gmt":"2016-09-15T14:00:01","slug":"k-darcovstvi-krve-je-potreba-lidi-vychovavat-uz-od-utleho-detstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=26385","title":{"rendered":"K d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed krve je pot\u0159eba lidi vychov\u00e1vat u\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rozhovor s Ji\u0159\u00edm Masopustem, prim\u00e1\u0159em transfuzn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed \u00fasteck\u00e9 Masarykovy nemocnice<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po\u010dty registrovan\u00fdch d\u00e1rc\u016f krve pomalu klesaj\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edliv nov\u00fdch z \u0159ad mlad\u00e9 generace nen\u00ed takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd bychom si p\u0159\u00e1li. Tak varuje prim\u00e1\u0159 transfuzn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed \u00fasteck\u00e9 Masarykovy nemocnice Ji\u0159\u00ed Masopust. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l k tomu logicky vid\u00ed mezi studenty.<\/p>\n

\u00dast\u00ed nad Labem \u2013 D\u00e1rcovsk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna st\u00e1rne a sl\u00e1bne. Jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 n\u00e1borov\u00e9 akce jsou m\u00e1lo efektivn\u00ed. Celorepublikov\u011b neexistuje, na rozd\u00edl od d\u00e1rc\u016f kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b, dlouhodob\u00e1 c\u00edlen\u00e1 propagace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na dobrovoln\u00e9 d\u00e1rce krve. Ji\u0159\u00ed Masopust, prim\u00e1\u0159 transfuzn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed \u00fasteck\u00e9 Masarykovy nemocnice v rozhovoru srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 stav v okoln\u00edch st\u00e1tech a nasti\u0148uje r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– A jak to je jinde v evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch?<\/p>\n

U n\u00e1s to nen\u00ed tak, \u017ee by se u\u017e odmali\u010dka d\u011btem v\u0161t\u011bpovala d\u016fle\u017eitost d\u00e1rcovstv\u00ed krve, ve \u0161kole se tato problematika dostala do osnov, prost\u011b aby se o n\u00ed mluvilo. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch se na z\u00e1klad\u011b diskuz\u00ed ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch i \u0161kolk\u00e1ch pak d\u011bti doma ptaj\u00ed: „Maminko, tat\u00ednku, pro\u010d vy nejste d\u00e1rci krve?“ On je to trochu psychologick\u00fd, citov\u00fd n\u00e1tlak, ale funguje to. V zem\u00edch, jako je \u0160v\u00fdcarsko \u010di N\u011bmecko, m\u00e1 osv\u011btu na starosti \u010cerven\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, kter\u00fd ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uje odb\u011bry a ve\u0161kerou souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnost. Tedy v\u0161e, co u n\u00e1s obstar\u00e1vaj\u00ed nemocni\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Vra\u0165me se ale ke stavu d\u00e1rcovsk\u00e9 populace. Kde vz\u00edt nov\u00e9 perspektivn\u00ed d\u00e1rce?<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad mezi vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdmi studenty. Tam je skute\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Kdyby p\u0159i\u0161la jednou za rok jen t\u0159etina z t\u011bch zhruba 12 tis\u00edc student\u016f, pokryli by n\u00e1m \u010dtvrtinu sou\u010dasn\u00fdch odb\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n

– Kolik dnes m\u00e1te v registru evidov\u00e1no lid\u00ed?<\/p>\n

V \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem m\u00e1me p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i tis\u00edce d\u00e1rc\u016f, co\u017e jsou jen necel\u00e1 t\u0159i procenta zdej\u0161\u00ed populace. Snahou Evropsk\u00e9 unie je dos\u00e1hnout minim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159\u00ed procent, co\u017e sice jak\u017e tak\u017e spl\u0148ujeme, ale nen\u00ed to zcela dostate\u010dn\u00e9. Lep\u0161\u00ed by bylo \u010dty\u0159i a a\u017e p\u011bt procent. Ne z d\u016fvodu, \u017ee by krev vysloven\u011b nebyla, ale rezerva d\u00e1rcovsk\u00e9ho registru je mal\u00e1. Kdy\u017e je d\u00e1rc\u016f relativn\u011b m\u00e1lo, chod\u00ed \u010dasto, t\u0159ikr\u00e1t a \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t do roka, ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1hl\u00e9 pot\u0159eby v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed krv\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 krevn\u00ed skupiny nen\u00ed kam moc s\u00e1hnout.<\/p>\n

– Jestli\u017ee by vznikla rezerva, nechodili by d\u00e1rci k odb\u011br\u016fm tak \u010dasto?<\/p>\n

Ano. L\u00edbilo by se mi, kdyby d\u00e1rci pln\u00e9 krve chodili jen dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b, ale mohli p\u0159ij\u00edt k dal\u0161\u00edmu odb\u011bru, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b na\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159eby. N\u011bkdy nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na neochotu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm men\u0161\u00edch zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f, proto\u017ee kdy\u017e jim n\u011bkdo chyb\u00ed \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t do roka a je\u0161t\u011b mu maj\u00ed platit pr\u016fm\u011brnou mzdu, je to de facto ze strany zam\u011bstnavatele dar zdravotnictv\u00ed. Pokud by d\u00e1rci \u2013 jejich zam\u011bstnanci \u2013 chodili dvakr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b, nebyla by to pro zam\u011bstnavatele takov\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Ov\u0161em registr d\u00e1rc\u016f by musel b\u00fdt dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b velk\u00fd oproti sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu. Pak by nebyl na d\u00e1rce takov\u00fd tlak. Ti ale ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu odb\u011br\u016f v jednom roce vid\u00ed v\u00fdhody: ka\u017ed\u00fd odb\u011br znamen\u00e1 den placen\u00e9ho volna a da\u0148ovou \u00falevu. Tlak vyv\u00edjej\u00ed na d\u00e1rce i n\u011bkter\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed benefity za ur\u010dit\u00fd po\u010det odb\u011br\u016f v dan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Pot\u0159eba krve je ale podle krevn\u00edch skupin r\u016fzn\u00e1. Kter\u00e1 z nich m\u00e1 u populace nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a kter\u00e1 nejmen\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Relativn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed popt\u00e1vka je jednozna\u010dn\u011b po krevn\u00ed skupin\u011b 0 negativn\u00ed a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b o letn\u00edch pr\u00e1zdnin\u00e1ch se po cel\u00e9 republice \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jej\u00ed nedostatek. Protip\u00f3lem jsou d\u00e1rci AB pozitivn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se s ohledem na spot\u0159ebu odeb\u00edraj\u00ed t\u0159eba jen jednou ro\u010dn\u011b. Popt\u00e1vka po jednotliv\u00fdch krevn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch se pak bohu\u017eel li\u0161\u00ed. A tak ten, kdo nen\u00ed tak \u010dasto zv\u00e1n k odb\u011bru, se mus\u00ed pt\u00e1t, pro\u010d by m\u011bl b\u00fdt hendikepovan\u00fd?<\/p>\n

– Co nab\u00edz\u00edte d\u00e1rc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed z uveden\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f nejsou tolik vyt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1ni?<\/p>\n

Sna\u017e\u00edme se p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt tyto lidi na darov\u00e1n\u00ed krevn\u00ed plazmy, co\u017e ale samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nelze vzhledem ke krit\u00e9ri\u00edm u v\u0161ech. Tak\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u00e1rce zveme velmi \u010dasto a n\u011bkter\u00e9 naopak brzd\u00edme. Ale to je nutn\u00e9, aby se krev spot\u0159ebovala a zbyte\u010dn\u011b se nelikvidovala. A tak je n\u011bkdy slo\u017eit\u00e9 v\u0161e vysv\u011btlit.<\/p>\n

– \u010casto se mluv\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch z darovan\u00e9 krve. Kter\u00e9 jsou ty nej\u010dast\u011bji vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9?<\/p>\n

Z odebran\u00e9 pln\u00e9 krve se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed transfuzn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravky, a to \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky (erytrocyty) v resuspenzn\u00edm roztoku, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed jejich skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e 42 dn\u00ed p\u0159i chladni\u010dkov\u00e9 teplot\u011b, u \u010d\u00e1sti erytrocytov\u00fdch transfuzn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f se odstra\u0148uj\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9 krvinky (leukocyty), aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo riziko potransfuzn\u00edch reakc\u00ed. D\u00e1le se z pln\u00e9 krve vyr\u00e1b\u00ed plazma, skladov\u00e1na m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e t\u0159i roky p\u0159i teplot\u011b pod \u201325 \u00b0C a krevn\u00ed desti\u010dky (trombocyty), uchov\u00e1van\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 5 dn\u00ed p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b. Plazma a krevn\u00ed desti\u010dky se tak\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed z odb\u011br\u016f na krevn\u00edch separ\u00e1torech.<\/p>\n

– V posledn\u00edch letech se za\u010dalo hovo\u0159it o rostouc\u00ed spot\u0159eb\u011b darovan\u00e9 krve. M\u016f\u017ee za to n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch zran\u011bn\u00ed a onkologicky nemocn\u00fdch pacient\u016f. Jak\u00e1 je m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eba na \u00fasteck\u00e9m transfuzn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v posledn\u00edch letech doch\u00e1zelo k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu spot\u0159eby transfuzn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f, sp\u00ed\u0161e je probl\u00e9mem postupn\u00fd pokles d\u00e1rcovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a jej\u00ed st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, jak jsem \u0159\u00edkal. Spot\u0159eba transfuzn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f v Masarykov\u011b nemocnici v \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem b\u011bhem roku kol\u00eds\u00e1, ale v pr\u016fm\u011bru jde o 600 jednotek erytrocytov\u00fdch transfuzn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f, 250 jednotek plazmy a 30 l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch d\u00e1vek krevn\u00edch desti\u010dek m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskyt a \u010detnost krevn\u00edch skupin u obyvatel \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky V na\u0161\u00ed populaci se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuje krevn\u00ed skupina A (40\u201342 %), d\u00e1le krevn\u00ed skupina O (32\u201334 %), krevn\u00ed skupinu B najdeme v 18 % a nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je krevn\u00ed skupina AB (8 %). Zhruba 15 % \u010desk\u00e9 populace je RhD negativn\u00ed. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krevn\u00ed skupinou v \u010cR je A RhD pozitivn\u00ed, nejm\u00e9n\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed pak AB RhD negativn\u00ed. Zdroj: KZ<\/p>\n

KDE DAROVAT KREV?<\/p>\n

D\u00c1RCE P\u0158I ODB\u011aRU. Transfuzn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed Krajsk\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed, a.s. \u2013 Masarykovy nemocnice v \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, o.z. , bylo zalo\u017eeno v roce 1949 jako sou\u010d\u00e1st odd\u011blen\u00ed hematologiea krevn\u00ed transfuze. V roce 1992 se stalo samostatn\u00fdm transfuzn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00edm. V sou\u010dasnosti pat\u0159\u00ed mezi dv\u011b pracovi\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci Krajsk\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed, a.s., vyr\u00e1b\u00ed transfuzn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravky a surovinu pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobu. Transfuzn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed Masarykovy nemocnice zaji\u0161\u0165uje a prov\u00e1d\u00ed odb\u011bry krve a krevn\u00edch slo\u017eek d\u00e1rc\u016f z okres\u016f \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Litom\u011b\u0159ice a Teplice. Zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 odebranou krev a plazmu z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 sp\u00e1dov\u00e9 oblasti a nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b z odb\u011brov\u00e9ho st\u0159ediska D\u011b\u010d\u00edn. Sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky \u2013 transfuzn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpravky \u2013 z\u00e1sobuje Masarykovu nemocnici, Nemocnici D\u011b\u010d\u00edn, Nemocnici Teplice, M\u011bstskou nemocnici v Litom\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch, Lu\u017eickou nemocnici a polikliniku, Pod\u0159ipskou nemocnici v Roudnici nad Labem a Fakultn\u00ed nemocnici v Motole. Prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159edopera\u010dn\u00ed autologn\u00ed odb\u011bry a v\u00fdrobu autologn\u00edch transfuzn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f. D\u00e1le prov\u00e1d\u00ed odb\u011bry plazmy, tzv. plazmafer\u00e9zy a krevn\u00edch desti\u010dek, tzv. trombocytafer\u00e9zy. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee transfuzn\u00edodd\u011blen\u00ed skladuje a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 transfuzn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravky pro velkou sp\u00e1dovou oblast, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 plazmu k pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9mu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na krevn\u00ed deriv\u00e1ty (hlavn\u011b pro v\u00fdrobu albuminu, imunoglobulin\u016f, koncentr\u00e1t\u016f faktoru VIII a antitrombinu III), prov\u00e1d\u00ed imunohematologick\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f transfuzn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f a testy slu\u010ditelnosti krve p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f s transfuzn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpravky. Transfuzn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed najdete v Masarykov\u011b nemocnice v \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de 3316\/12A, 40113 \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, budova C, 2. podla\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

IVO CHR\u00c1STECK\u00dd, PETR SOCH\u016eREK
\nLibereck\u00fd den\u00edk
\nhttp:\/\/www.liberecky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rozhovor s Ji\u0159\u00edm Masopustem, prim\u00e1\u0159em transfuzn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed \u00fasteck\u00e9 Masarykovy nemocnice<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26385"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26385\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}