V\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s mluvou, pat\u0159\u00ed 22. \u0159\u00edjen \u2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den balbutik\u016f. Po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se konaj\u00ed akce a p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky na podporu a porozum\u011bn\u00ed lidem s poruchou \u0159e\u010di.<\/p>\n
Kokt\u00e1m, a v\u0161ichni to sly\u0161\u00ed. Ur\u010dit\u011b se mi sm\u011bj\u00ed, vypad\u00e1m hloup\u011b. Takov\u00e9 a podobn\u00e9 pocity ztrapn\u011bn\u00ed, vzteku i strachu tr\u00e1p\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch poruchou \u0159e\u010di odborn\u011b zvanou balbutismus. Odstran\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho sebev\u011bdom\u00ed by proto m\u011blo b\u00fdt jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby.
\n„M\u011bla jsem studentsk\u00fd pr\u016fkaz, slevu na vlak, ale u pokladny jsem nikdy nedok\u00e1zala \u0159\u00edci slovo \u201astudent\u2018, a tak jsem rok jezdila za plnou cenu. Kdy\u017e jsem si musela koupit l\u00edstek ve vlaku u pr\u016fvod\u010d\u00edho, za\u017e\u00edvala jsem hrozn\u00fd stres. Bo\u017ee, jak j\u00e1 byla r\u00e1da, kdy\u017e jsem m\u011bla svoje auto!“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 p\u011btadvacetilet\u00e1 Tereza. Sedmadvacetilet\u00fd Michal vypr\u00e1v\u00ed: „P\u0159estal jsem nosit hodinky, aby se m\u011b n\u011bkdo nezeptal, kolik je hodin, a d\u011blal jsem v\u0161echno pro to, abych venku nemusel mluvit. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed bylo telefonov\u00e1n\u00ed. Telefon jsem nezvedal nikdy, kdy\u017e jsem nev\u011bd\u011bl, kdo vol\u00e1. Nikomu jsem nevolal, jenom jsem psal zpr\u00e1vy.“ Probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi se koktaj\u00edc\u00ed pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed, je nespo\u010det. „Ti lid\u00e9 nev\u00fdslovn\u011b trp\u00ed. Kdo to neza\u017eil, nepochop\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hana Workov\u00e1, spoluzakladatelka Centra terapie koktavosti v T\u0159inci,<\/p>\n
kde Tereze i Michalovi pomohli jejich vady se zbavit.<\/p>\n
Jak mluv\u00ed balbutici?<\/p>\n
Koktavost je \u0159e\u010dov\u00e1 porucha, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk ne\u00famysln\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161uje \u0159e\u010d \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad opakov\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch slabik nebo cel\u00fdch slov (nap\u0159. slovo m\u00e1ma se zm\u011bn\u00ed na ma-ma-ma-ma-m\u00e1ma), jejich necht\u011bn\u00fdm prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm (mmmm\u00e1ma), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u0159e\u010dov\u00fdm blokem, tedy ne\u00famyslnou pauzou, kdy koktav\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk nen\u00ed schopen vydat jak\u00fdkoli zvuk, nebo dokonce vydechnout. Blok je \u010dasto prov\u00e1zen\u00fd znehybn\u011bn\u00edm jazyka, rt\u016f a mimick\u00fdch sval\u016f \u010di nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm pnut\u00edm ve svalech. Typick\u00e9 je pro balbutiky hlasov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, zrychlen\u00e9 tempo \u0159e\u010di, naru\u0161en\u00e9 d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed (nepravideln\u00e9, povrchn\u00ed a p\u0159eru\u0161ovan\u00e9), zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt vsuvek v \u0159e\u010di (mmm, ehm, eee). Mnohdy se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159eformulovat v\u011btu tak, aby se vyhnuli obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm slov\u016fm a blok\u00e1d\u00e1m, ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1z\u00ed vzhledem k neschopnosti vyslovit n\u011bkter\u00e9 hl\u00e1sky \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji P, B, T, K, G.<\/p>\n
Fakta a m\u00fdty<\/p>\n
Pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 koktaj\u00ed? P\u0159esn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1, svoji roli hraje i d\u011bdi\u010dnost. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy prokazuj\u00ed u balbutik\u016f odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdkony jednotliv\u00fdch mozkov\u00fdch hemisf\u00e9r, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v d\u016fsledku znamenat rozpor mezi t\u00edm, co „cht\u011bj\u00ed \u0159\u00edct“, a t\u00edm, co „\u0159eknou“. Jist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee tato porucha nesouvis\u00ed s inteligenc\u00ed. S koktavost\u00ed se poj\u00ed cel\u00e1 \u0159ada za\u017eit\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee koktavost\u00ed trp\u00ed pouze labiln\u00ed a \u00fazkostn\u00ed lid\u00e9. To prok\u00e1z\u00e1no nebylo, ov\u0161em je pravda, \u017ee koktavost a s n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemnosti mohou vznik \u00fazkostn\u00fdch poruch u balbutik\u016f zp\u016fsobit. Nen\u00ed tak\u00e9 pravda, \u017ee koktavost je n\u00e1sledek psychick\u00e9ho \u0161oku. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy typu, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b za\u010dalo koktat po vylek\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dertem a Mikul\u00e1\u0161em maj\u00ed sice n\u011bco do sebe, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pokud d\u00edt\u011b v sob\u011b nem\u011blo ji\u017e jist\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady, koktat rozhodn\u011b neza\u010dne. Koktavost tak\u00e9 nezavin\u00ed rodi\u010de \u0161patn\u00fdm v\u00fdchovn\u00fdm postupem, ur\u010dit\u011b ji ale mohou \u0161patn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem prohloubit.<\/p>\n
Jak se koktavosti zbavit?<\/p>\n
\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky neexistuj\u00ed, ale probl\u00e9m je mo\u017en\u00e9 odstranit nebo minim\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u00edrnit dlouhodob\u00fdmi terapiemi, individu\u00e1ln\u00edmi i skupinov\u00fdmi. \u0158e\u0161\u00ed ji odborn\u00edci z \u0159ad foniatr\u016f, logoped\u016f a psycholog\u016f, v nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech je p\u0159izv\u00e1n na pomoc i psychiatr \u010di neurolog. V T\u0159inci slav\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy s metodou Nov\u00e1 mluva, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 i balbutik\u016fm, ji\u017e pat\u0159ili mezi tzv. beznad\u011bjn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady. D\u016fle\u017eitou roli hraj\u00ed i podp\u016frn\u00e9 a sv\u00e9pomocn\u00e9 skupiny, je\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed pomoci balbutik\u016fm vyrovn\u00e1vat se s probl\u00e9my, hledat spole\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a \u017e\u00edt kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u017eivot. P\u0159\u00edkladem je t\u0159eba sdru\u017een\u00ed Balbutik, skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vysoko\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n
MLUV\u00cdTE S KOKTAJ\u00cdC\u00cdM? Co byste (ne)m\u011bli d\u011blat:<\/p>\n
– neupozor\u0148ovat ho na zadrhnut\u00ed \u2013 v\u017edy je lep\u0161\u00ed zadrhnut\u00ed jako by p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet * neuh\u00fdbat pohledem \u2013 je dobr\u00e9 neust\u00e1le udr\u017eovat o\u010dn\u00ed kontakt * nikdy zadrh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nekomentovat \u2013 i \u00fasm\u011bvn\u00e1 pr\u016fpov\u00eddka m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 * nikdy nedokon\u010dovat v\u011btu za toho, kdo p\u0159i mluven\u00ed zadrhne * nep\u016fsobit p\u0159i hovoru usp\u011bchan\u011b \u2013 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 mluvit klidn\u011b, uvoln\u011bn\u011b a p\u0159irozen\u011b * p\u0159i telefonov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u017edy po\u010dkat, a\u017e koktav\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk domluv\u00ed \u2013 nikdy mu nesk\u00e1kat do \u0159e\u010di I KR\u00c1LOV\u00c9 KOKTAJ\u00cd<\/p>\n
V historii i sou\u010dasnosti je mnoho zn\u00e1m\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed trp\u00edc\u00edch koktavost\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad geni\u00e1ln\u00ed fyzik Isaac Newton \u010di zn\u00e1m\u00fd tv\u016frce evolu\u010dn\u00ed teorie Charles Darwin. Dokonce i mezi herci se najde mnoho balbutik\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad Marilyn Monroe, Bruce Willis nebo p\u0159edstavitel Mr. Beana \u2013 Rowan Atkinson. Koktavost\u00ed trp\u011bl i britsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Ji\u0159\u00ed VI., otec kr\u00e1lovny Al\u017eb\u011bty II. Byl o tom nato\u010den p\u016fsobiv\u00fd film Kr\u00e1lova \u0159e\u010d, kter\u00fd v roce 2010 z\u00edskal \u010dty\u0159i Oscary.<\/p>\n
O autorovi: P\u0159ipravila: Zuzana Mackov\u00e1<\/p>\n
P\u0159ekvapen\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my s mluvou, pat\u0159\u00ed 22. \u0159\u00edjen \u2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den balbutik\u016f. Po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se konaj\u00ed akce a p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky na podporu a porozum\u011bn\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26585"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26585\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15802"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}