Velkou \u010d\u00e1st astmatik\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1ru\u017eiv\u00ed ku\u0159\u00e1ci.
\nMo\u017en\u00e1 je to i v\u00e1\u0161 probl\u00e9m, jen to zat\u00edm nev\u00edte. Jak se projevuje a jak ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit?<\/p>\n
V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se po\u010det potvrzen\u00fdch astmatik\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice odhaduje na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500 tis\u00edc osob. Dal\u0161\u00edch asi 250 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed o sv\u00e9 nemoci nev\u00ed, nebo ji nijak nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed formy pr\u016fdu\u0161kov\u00e9ho astmatu. Prvn\u00ed je z\u00e1n\u011bt vyvolan\u00fd alergeny, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje otok sliznice a po\u0161kozen\u00ed v\u00fdstelky d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. Spou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alergeny, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed chlupy, pl\u00edse\u0148, rozto\u010di nebo r\u016fzn\u00e9 pyly. Tento typ nemoci se \u010dasto objevuje u\u017e v d\u011btstv\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 forma je nealergick\u00e1 (tzv. neatopick\u00e9 astma). Vyv\u00edj\u00ed se v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku, a b\u00fdv\u00e1 proto ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako „astma dosp\u011bl\u00fdch“. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny se dosud l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm nepoda\u0159ilo objasnit. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ov\u0161em, \u017ee v\u00fdznamnou roli zde hraje d\u011bdi\u010dnost.<\/p>\n
Pozor na um\u011bl\u00e9 v\u016fn\u011b<\/p>\n
U mnoha pacient\u016f se ob\u011b tyto formy kombinuj\u00ed. Pr\u016fb\u011bh onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasto zhor\u0161uj\u00ed infek\u010dn\u00ed nemoci, syntetick\u00e9 v\u016fn\u011b a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm cigaretov\u00fd kou\u0159. P\u0159\u00edznaky mohou zes\u00edlit tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu stresu a emo\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei nebo p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch po\u010das\u00ed.
\nKdo n\u011bkdy prod\u011blal astmatick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat, moc dob\u0159e zn\u00e1 situaci, kdy bol\u00ed doslova ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1dech. K typick\u00fdm projev\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 such\u00fd dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00fd ka\u0161el a pocit \u00fazkosti na prsou. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 s v\u00fddechem se \u010dasto oz\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u00edskot nebo \u0161ramot. V pokro\u010dil\u00e9m stadiu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se dostavuje n\u00e1hl\u00fd pocit nedostatku vzduchu, kter\u00fd je \u2013 podle stupn\u011b posti\u017een\u00ed \u2013 r\u016fzn\u011b siln\u00fd a p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech.<\/p>\n
V\u0161e uk\u00e1\u017ee spirometr<\/p>\n
Mnohdy trv\u00e1 del\u0161\u00ed dobu, ne\u017e se poda\u0159\u00ed stanovit p\u0159esnou diagn\u00f3zu. Nedostatek dechu se toti\u017e objevuje pouze p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei, co\u017e je i d\u016fvod, pro\u010d astma b\u00fdv\u00e1 nejd\u0159\u00edv odhaleno u sportovc\u016f a aktivn\u011b zalo\u017een\u00fdch lid\u00ed.
\n\u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edv se za\u010dne s l\u00e9\u010dbou, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Pokud tedy na sob\u011b pozorujete n\u011bkter\u00e9 z p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, na nic ne\u010dekejte a jd\u011bte k l\u00e9ka\u0159i. P\u0159i podez\u0159en\u00ed na astma se ud\u011bl\u00e1 nejprve pe\u010dliv\u00e1 anamn\u00e9za. Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje spirometrick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uk\u00e1\u017ee, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry jsou va\u0161e pl\u00edce funk\u010dn\u00ed. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fddechom\u011brem, do kter\u00e9ho mus\u00ed pacient co nejsiln\u011bji vydechnout vzduch. Teprve pak l\u00e9ka\u0159 zjist\u00ed, jestli se opravdu jedn\u00e1 o astma, a ur\u010d\u00ed stupe\u0148 z\u00e1va\u017enosti.<\/p>\n
D\u00fdchejte do b\u0159icha<\/p>\n
Astma se bohu\u017eel \u00fapln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit ned\u00e1, ale m\u016f\u017eete ho m\u00edt celkem dob\u0159e pod kontrolou. V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyh\u00fdbat se v\u0161em spou\u0161t\u011b\u010d\u016fm a pravideln\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159edepsan\u00e9 l\u00e9ky. Jako dopln\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee pacient prov\u00e1d\u011bt dechov\u00e1 a relaxa\u010dn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed. Ta nejsou nijak slo\u017eit\u00e1. Zkuste t\u0159eba n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed cvik: zhluboka se nadechn\u011bte a\u017e e do b\u0159icha, kter\u00e9 se kr\u00e1sn\u011b zakulat\u00ed e jako bal\u00f3nek, a teprve potom pus\u0165te rve vzduch do hrudn\u00edku. Opakujte n\u011bkolik minut ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/p>\n
M\u016f\u017ee potr\u00e1pit v zim\u011b pit<\/p>\n
V\u0161eobecn\u011b se v\u00ed, \u017ee nejhor\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm pro astmatiky je jaro a l\u00e9to. Bohu\u017eel ani na podzim a v zim\u011b, kdy pyly ve vzduchu nepoletuj\u00ed, uchu si \u0159ada pacient\u016f neoddechne. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou extr\u00e9mn\u011b citliv\u00ed na pyly, jin\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee potr\u00e1pit n\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzduch. Nejv\u00edc probl\u00e9m\u016f nemocn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed n\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edly p\u0159i p\u0159echodu zevnit\u0159 ven a naopak.
\nV zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch je proto p\u0159i pobytu venku u vhodn\u00e9, aby si pacienti preventivn\u011b zakr\u00fdvali \u00fasta a nos \u0161\u00e1lou. Zabr\u00e1n\u00ed tak p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu vnik\u00e1n\u00ed ledov\u00e9ho o vzduchu do pr\u016fdu\u0161ek.
\nZhor\u0161en\u00ed astmatu mohou zp\u016fsobit tak\u00e9 nachlazen\u00ed nebo ch\u0159ipka, kter\u00e9 jsou v t\u00e9to dob\u011b hodn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
Du\u0161nost b\u011bhem z\u00e1chvatu<\/p>\n
Kv\u016fli z\u00e1n\u011btu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed reakc\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu dojde k z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fdu\u0161ek a pr\u016fdu\u0161inek. P\u0159i z\u00e1chvatu se d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty prakticky uzav\u0159ou a vzduch je uv\u011bzn\u011bn v plic\u00edch (obr\u00e1zek vpravo).<\/p>\n
Chyst\u00e1te se na odb\u011br krve?<\/p>\n
Pokud nerozum\u00edte v\u0161em t\u011bm zkratk\u00e1m, pod\u00edvejte se na str\u00e1nky www.laboratornitesty.cz Bez reklam v\u00e1m mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed port\u00e1l LabTestsOnline vysv\u011btl\u00ed v\u00fdznam zkratek, popis nemoc\u00ed a d\u016fvody vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Sporty bez omezen\u00ed Such\u00fd a velmi studen\u00fd vzduch \u010dasto p\u016fsob\u00ed probl\u00e9my s dechem i zdrav\u00fdm lidem. Pro astmatiky jsou tyto podm\u00ednky pochopiteln\u011b je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed, sportovat v\u0161ak mohou bez omezen\u00ed. \u0158adu astmatik\u016f najdete i mezi vrcholov\u00fdmi sportovci. Je v\u0161ak nezbytn\u00e9 m\u00edt u sebe trvale inhala\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd rychle uvoln\u00ed sta\u017een\u00e9 pr\u016fdu\u0161ky. Vlhk\u00e9 podzimn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed astmatik\u016fm nesv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed. Ve vzduchu se tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce pl\u00edsn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou dr\u00e1\u017edit pr\u016fdu\u0161ky.<\/p>\n
Novinky z l\u00e9k\u00e1rny<\/p>\n
Potrava pro mozek Ryb\u00ed olej M\u00f6ller\u2019s obsahuje zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny DHA a EPA, kter\u00e9 si t\u011blo neum\u00ed samo vytvo\u0159it, a mus\u00ed je proto p\u0159ij\u00edmat ve strav\u011b. Jejich pozitivn\u00ed vliv na \u010dinnost srdce, mozku a zraku prok\u00e1zaly stovky v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed. 250 ml koup\u00edte od 232 K\u010d. Jako v bavlnce P\u0159esn\u011b tak se budete c\u00edtit d\u00edky novince od firmy Topvet. Bavln\u00edkov\u00fd k olej sta\u010d\u00ed nan\u00e9st na obli\u010dej nebo na t\u011blo n a u\u017e\u00edvat si jeho blahod\u00e1rn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Olej d va\u0161i poko\u017eku vy\u017eiv\u00ed, v uklidn\u00ed a hlavn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b u hydratuje. Proto je n vhodn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na pro, kte\u0159\u00ed bojuj\u00ed s vysu\u0161enou nebo popraskanou k\u016f\u017e\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eete ho pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 na vlasy jako masku. Cena: 248 K\u010d. Proti zubn\u00edm kaz\u016fm Chcete p\u0159edej\u00edt zubn\u00edmu kazu? Pou\u017e\u00edvejte jednou t\u00fddn\u011b gel Elmex gel\u00e9e, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00ed povrch zub\u016f p\u0159ed d p\u016fsoben\u00edm kyselin.<\/p>\n
Claudia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Velkou \u010d\u00e1st astmatik\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1ru\u017eiv\u00ed ku\u0159\u00e1ci. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to i v\u00e1\u0161 probl\u00e9m, jen to zat\u00edm nev\u00edte. Jak se projevuje a jak ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit?<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}