Infarkt myokardu je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 n\u00e1hl\u00fdm uz\u00e1v\u011brem v\u011bn\u010dit\u00e9 tepny krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeninou.
\nDoch\u00e1z\u00ed tak k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vky kysl\u00edku do srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm odum\u0159en\u00edm posti\u017een\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti srdce.
\nNejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem je siln\u00e1 tlakov\u00e1, p\u00e1liv\u00e1 nebo sv\u00edrav\u00e1 bolest na p\u0159edn\u00ed plo\u0161e hrudn\u00edku (stenokardie), kter\u00e1 se m\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159it do ramene, do pa\u017ee, do krku, do \u010delisti, do zad, mezi lopatky nebo do b\u0159icha.
\nBolest m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipom\u00ednat „p\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy“ a je nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na poloze t\u011bla a na d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, nepom\u00e1haj\u00ed nitr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n
Du\u0161nost a skryt\u00fd infarkt<\/p>\n
Bolest b\u00fdv\u00e1 podobn\u00e1 jako u anginy pectoris, ale li\u0161\u00ed se intenzitou a d\u00e9lkou trv\u00e1n\u00ed. Podez\u0159en\u00ed na prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed infarkt vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 bolest trvaj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e 10 a\u017e 15 minut.
\nV polovin\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f infarktov\u00e9 bolesti na hrudi p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed bolestiv\u00e9 ataky. N\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee bolest na hrudi chyb\u011bt a je nahrazena pouze bolest\u00ed v rameni, v pa\u017ei, v krku, v \u010delisti, v z\u00e1dech anebo jen v b\u0159i\u0161e.
\nDruh\u00fdm nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznakem infarktu je du\u0161nost, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 zhor\u0161enou \u010derpac\u00ed funkc\u00ed srdce. Infarkt tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto prov\u00e1zen pocen\u00edm, schv\u00e1cenost\u00ed, nevolnost\u00ed, zvracen\u00edm, mdlobami a \u00fazkost\u00ed. Kombinace bolesti a t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f je v\u017edy varuj\u00edc\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje rychl\u00fd odborn\u00fd z\u00e1sah. I tyto symptomy mohou v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech b\u00fdt jedinou zn\u00e1mkou infarktu bez p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 bolesti na hrudi.
\nP\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve t\u0159etin\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edznaky m\u00edrn\u00e9, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebo atypick\u00e9, tj. nap\u0159\u00edklad jen n\u00e1hle vznikl\u00e1 du\u0161nost\u00ed, bolest v z\u00e1dech, v krku nebo v rameni. D\u011bje se to hlavn\u011b ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku a u pacient\u016f s cukrovkou.<\/p>\n
L\u00e9\u010dba<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1va\u017enost n\u00e1sledk\u016f infarktu z\u00e1vis\u00ed velmi na rychlosti, za jak dlouho se poda\u0159\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt uzav\u0159enou tepnu kat\u00e9trem. \u010cas je tedy z\u00e1sadn\u00edm faktorem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost l\u00e9\u010dby.
\nProto je p\u0159i jak\u00e9mkoliv podez\u0159en\u00ed na akutn\u00ed infarkt myokardu t\u0159eba ihned zavolat rychlou z\u00e1chrannou slu\u017ebu \u2013 telefon 155. S\u00e1m nemocn\u00fd s podez\u0159en\u00edm na infarkt mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v absolutn\u00edm klidu fyzick\u00e9m i psychick\u00e9m! Je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 rozkousat a rozpustit v \u00fastech tabletu acylpyrinu, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm v krvi m\u016f\u017ee rozpustit krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeninu v ucpan\u00e9 tepn\u011b.
\n„D\u00e1le je mo\u017en\u00e9 zkusit efekt nitroglycerinu a po\u017e\u00edt l\u00e9k na uklidn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad diazepam, neurol, hypnogen apod., pokud jsou k dispozici. Pro snaz\u0161\u00ed orientaci l\u00e9ka\u0159e z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby po p\u0159\u00edjezdu k v\u00e1m je velmi v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 m\u00edt u sebe svou EKG k\u0159ivku, t\u0159eba v mobiln\u00edm telefonu,“ hodnot\u00ed MUDr. Stanislav \u0160imek z II. intern\u00ed kliniky kardiologie a angiologie V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 fakultn\u00ed nemocnice v Praze a 1. LF UK.
\nNen\u00ed-li infarkt srdce spr\u00e1vn\u011b a v\u010das l\u00e9\u010den, m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout v\u00fddu\u0165 srde\u010dn\u00ed komory.
\nTa p\u0159edstavuje bal\u00f3novit\u00e9 vyklenut\u00ed zeslaben\u00e9 st\u011bny srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu v m\u00edst\u011b infarktu s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm zhor\u0161en\u00edm srde\u010dn\u00ed funkce. D\u016fsledkem je jeho selh\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed eventualitou je prasknut\u00ed srdce.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1vo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Infarkt myokardu je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 n\u00e1hl\u00fdm uz\u00e1v\u011brem v\u011bn\u010dit\u00e9 tepny krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeninou.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26741"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26741\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}