S pocitem bolesti se n\u011bkdy setkal ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s, ty \u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bolest obt\u011b\u017eovala jen z\u0159\u00eddka. Po cel\u00e9 d\u011bjiny se \u010dlov\u011bk sna\u017e\u00ed bolesti zbavit, nebo ji alespo\u0148 ztlumit. Da\u0159\u00ed se mu to st\u00e1le l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n
V Mezopot\u00e1mii pou\u017e\u00edvali k potla\u010den\u00ed bolesti byliny a alkohol, ve 13. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. se v p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zm\u00ednk\u00e1ch objevuje opium. \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 vymysleli akupunkturu a p\u0159i operac\u00edch nemocn\u00e9mu uleh\u010dovali od bolest\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravkem s indick\u00fdm konop\u00edm, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b chronick\u00e9 bolesti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b v\u0161ak u\u017e v 1. st. n. l. pova\u017eoval l\u00e9ka\u0159 Celsus bolest za p\u0159\u00edznak nemoci. Na tyto my\u0161lenky nav\u00e1zal ve druh\u00e9m stolet\u00ed Gal\u00e9nos. Napsal p\u0159es 50 knih o medic\u00edn\u011b a na bolest a jej\u00ed vznik se d\u00edval podle dne\u0161n\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed vcelku pokrokov\u011b.
\nNovodob\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba bolesti je z tohoto pohledu velmi mlad\u00e1, jako samostatn\u00fd obor se prosazuje a\u017e v sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Migr\u00e9na nen\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e1 bolest hlavy<\/p>\n
Mezi nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed neduhy modern\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka pat\u0159\u00ed bolesti hlavy. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jim rovnou \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed migr\u00e9na. Ta je ale jen jedn\u00edm z typ\u016f bolest\u00ed hlavy, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1chvaty. Jednozna\u010dn\u00fd p\u016fvod l\u00e9ka\u0159i neznaj\u00ed. „Je charakterizov\u00e1na intenzivn\u00ed, pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed bolest\u00ed s nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdmi doprovodn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. T\u011bmi jsou p\u0159ecitliv\u011blost na sv\u011btlo, hluk, v\u016fn\u011b \u010di pachy a nevolnost nebo zvracen\u00ed,“ vysv\u011btluje prim\u00e1\u0159ka Neurologick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed Thomayerovy nemocnice v Praze Jolana Markov\u00e1.
\nZ\u00e1chvat migr\u00e9ny m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podle jej\u00edch slov vyvol\u00e1n vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy, jako je zm\u011bna po\u010das\u00ed nebo konzumace ur\u010dit\u00e9 potraviny \u010di n\u00e1poje. Migr\u00e9na ale m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout i kv\u016fli vnit\u0159n\u00edm vliv\u016fm. Mohou jimi b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad menstruace u \u017een, stres nebo nedostatek sp\u00e1nku a mnoh\u00e9 jin\u00e9.
\n„O d\u011bdi\u010dnosti t\u00e9to choroby je\u0161t\u011b zdaleka nev\u00edme v\u0161echno, ale velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se d\u011bd\u00ed dispozice k rozvoji tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,“ domn\u00edv\u00e1 se Jolana Markov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
\u010cty\u0159i f\u00e1ze<\/p>\n
Startuj\u00edc\u00ed migr\u00e9nu m\u016f\u017ee nemocn\u00fd poznat podle takzvan\u00fdch prodrom\u016f. To jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 trvaj\u00ed t\u0159eba jen n\u011bkolik hodin, ale i n\u011bkolik dn\u016f. Posti\u017een\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee c\u00edtit \u00fanavu, nap\u011bt\u00ed ve svalech, nebo naopak veselou n\u00e1ladu.<\/p>\n
U n\u011bkoho ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tato f\u00e1ze migr\u00e9ny p\u0159esko\u010dena a hned se dostav\u00ed bolest hlavy. Druhou f\u00e1z\u00ed je u klasick\u00e9 migr\u00e9ny f\u00e1ze aury. Objevuje se asi u t\u0159etiny pacient\u016f s migr\u00e9nou. „Je to stav, kdy se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vznikem bolesti hlavy objev\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad typick\u00e1 porucha zraku s jisk\u0159iv\u00fdmi obrazci v zorn\u00e9m poli, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsto. Nebo se pacientovi rozpadne zorn\u00e9 pole a posti\u017een\u00fd nem\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00edst nebo \u0159\u00eddit auto.
\nAle objevuj\u00ed se i jin\u00e9 projevy aury. Nap\u0159\u00edklad brn\u011bn\u00ed kon\u010detiny, porucha \u0159e\u010di nebo zhor\u0161en\u00ed hybnosti kon\u010detiny. Toto v\u0161e ale do hodiny odezn\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou s n\u00e1stupem bolesti aura vymiz\u00ed,“ popisuje Jolana Markov\u00e1.
\nAuru zp\u016fsobuje s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed postupn\u011b se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed deprese elektrick\u00e9 aktivity v mozkov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e, kter\u00e1 postupuje od zadn\u00edch oblast\u00ed mozku dop\u0159edu a je z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou d\u011bj\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i migren\u00f3zn\u00edm z\u00e1chvatu v mozku prob\u00edhaj\u00ed.
\nPot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje bolest hlavy, kter\u00e1m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edt i bez p\u0159edchoz\u00edho varov\u00e1n\u00ed. B\u00fdv\u00e1 intenzivn\u00ed, pouze v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed jenom km\u00edrn\u00e9 bolesti. T\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1ze migr\u00e9ny \u2013 f\u00e1ze bolesti \u2013 zasahuje \u010dasto polovinu hlavy, bolest se t\u00e1hne od sp\u00e1nku kolem ucha a\u017e k z\u00e1hlav\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je relaxace. \u010clov\u011bku se ulev\u00ed, bolest ust\u00e1v\u00e1. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fanava. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pacienti v\u0161ak za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a\u017e euforick\u00e9 pocity.
\nN\u011bkoho se migr\u00e9na ani nedotkne, jin\u00ed si j\u00ed u\u017eij\u00ed hojn\u011b. A t\u00fdk\u00e1 se to bohu\u017eel i d\u011bt\u00ed. \u010cast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je podle prim\u00e1\u0159ky Markov\u00e9 u chlapc\u016f, ale v obdob\u00ed puberty se tento pom\u011br obrac\u00ed. V d\u011btstv\u00ed je diagn\u00f3za migr\u00e9ny problematick\u00e1 do doby, ne\u017e d\u00edt\u011b dok\u00e1\u017ee probl\u00e9m popsat. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nej\u010dast\u011bji je diagn\u00f3za migr\u00e9ny stanovena a\u017e ve \u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte, \u010dasto v situaci, kdy t\u011bmito obt\u00ed\u017eemi trp\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fd z rodi\u010d\u016f a projevy migr\u00e9ny zn\u00e1.
\nV dosp\u011blosti jsou \u010dast\u011bji posti\u017eeny \u017eeny ne\u017e mu\u017ei, odhadem v pom\u011bru 3:1. Je to zp\u016fsobeno hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed situac\u00ed, kdy se b\u011bhem menstrua\u010dn\u00edho cyklu fyziologicky m\u011bn\u00ed hladiny \u017eensk\u00fdch hormon\u016f. Proto tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 u n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u017een migr\u00e9na v\u00e1z\u00e1na na tento cyklus.
\n„Pokud migren\u00f3zn\u00ed z\u00e1chvat trv\u00e1 dva nebo t\u0159i dny, pacient trp\u00ed trvalou bolest\u00ed a zvrac\u00ed i p\u0159i u\u017eit\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, je v t\u00e9to situaci n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva l\u00e9ka\u0159e nutn\u00e1. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jeho nedostupnosti pak vol\u00ed cestu na pohotovost nebo do nemocnice, kde mu zajist\u00ed pod\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f v injekci nebo infuzi,“ vysv\u011btluje doktorka Markov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Pot\u00ed\u017ee s nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm medikament\u016f<\/p>\n
Pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed bolestmi hlavy netrp\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, kdy u\u017e si vz\u00edt pr\u00e1\u0161ek proti bolesti a kdy je\u0161t\u011b po\u010dkat, zda bolest sama neodezn\u00ed. \u010clov\u011bk posti\u017een\u00fd migr\u00e9nou ale zrovna tohle ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou dob\u0159e v\u00ed, kter\u00fd l\u00e9k mu zabere a kdy je nutn\u00e9, aby jej u\u017eil.
\n„Bolest b\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159i migr\u00e9n\u011b velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1 a v\u011bt\u0161ina pacient\u016f se ji logicky sna\u017e\u00ed co nejd\u0159\u00edve omezit. Pokud pacient trp\u00ed migren\u00f3zn\u00edmi z\u00e1chvaty dvakr\u00e1t a\u017e \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v m\u011bs\u00edci, je \u00fa\u010deln\u00e9 l\u00e9k u\u017e\u00edt, jakmile pozn\u00e1, \u017ee migr\u00e9na za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1,“ rad\u00ed doktorka Markov\u00e1.
\n„Pokud m\u00e1 pacient z\u00e1chvat\u016f v\u00edce, t\u0159eba deset dn\u016f v m\u011bs\u00edci, je nam\u00edst\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161 nasazen\u00ed preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby, co\u017e v praxi znamen\u00e1 denn\u00ed u\u017eit\u00ed l\u00e9ku s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det migren\u00f3zn\u00edch z\u00e1chvat\u016f i jejich intenzitu. Probl\u00e9mem nadm\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9ho u\u017eit\u00ed akutn\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f proti migr\u00e9n\u011b, jako jsou analgetika nebo triptany, je v\u0161ak mo\u017enost vzniku bolest\u00ed hlavy pr\u00e1v\u011b z nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed medikament\u016f \u2013 \u010dasto u\u017eit\u00e9 l\u00e9ky proti bolesti pak tuto bolest samy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Markov\u00e1.
\nNe v\u0161ichni pacienti ale pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed na bolest hlavy zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed medikamenty. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich zabere t\u0159eba k\u00e1va a acylpyrin nebo paralen, \u010daj z n\u011bkter\u00fdch bylin, jindy studen\u00fd obklad na hlavu nebo hork\u00fd obklad na \u0161\u00edji.
\nAlternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e l\u00e9\u010dba bez l\u00e9k\u016f v\u0161ak u opravdov\u00e9 migr\u00e9ny podle n\u00e1zoru prim\u00e1\u0159ky Jolany Markov\u00e9 nem\u00e1 prok\u00e1zan\u00fd efekt.<\/p>\n
MARTIN JE\u017dEK
\nLidov\u00e9 noviny<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S pocitem bolesti se n\u011bkdy setkal ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s, ty \u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bolest obt\u011b\u017eovala jen z\u0159\u00eddka. Po cel\u00e9 d\u011bjiny se \u010dlov\u011bk sna\u017e\u00ed bolesti zbavit, nebo ji […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27152"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27152\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27152"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27152"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}