Maj\u00ed r\u00e1di \u010d\u00edsla, pevn\u00e1 pravidla. A hystericky reaguj\u00ed na zm\u011bny. Po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed s autismem prudce roste.<\/p>\n
Ta sc\u00e9na se odehr\u00e1la zrovna minul\u00fd t\u00fdden v pra\u017esk\u00e9m metru. Mlad\u00e1 \u017eena se sna\u017eila do vagonu dostat sv\u00e9ho asi sedmilet\u00e9ho syna. K\u0159i\u010del, kopal a cht\u011bl z vagonu ven. Mamince se poda\u0159ilo syna zklidnit. Posadila d\u00edt\u011b a do ruky mu dala se\u0161it s n\u00e1zvy stanic. „Palmovka. Palmovka,“ k\u0159i\u010del celou cestu chlapec, kter\u00fd se o\u010dividn\u011b nemohl do\u010dkat toho, a\u017e vystoup\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco kop\u00e1n\u00ed a k\u0159ik neust\u00e1val, lid\u00e9 okolo si \u0161eptali n\u011bco o nevychovan\u00e9m d\u00edt\u011bti.
\n„Nezlobte se, je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd autista,“ omluvila se klidn\u011b maminka a sna\u017eila se obr\u00e1tit pozornost syna k se\u0161itu.
\nN\u00e1zvy stanic m\u011bl chlapec napsan\u00e9 velk\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny.
\n„Jeli asi jinou trasou ne\u017e obvykle.
\nD\u00edt\u011b v takovou chv\u00edli za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed a ohro\u017een\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee pro\u017e\u00edvat pocity srovnateln\u00e9 se strachem o \u017eivot,“ popisuje situaci z metra Magdalena \u010c\u00e1slavsk\u00e1, \u0159editelka N\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fastavu pro autismus (NAUTIS).<\/p>\n
Jen \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny, pros\u00edm<\/p>\n
Lid\u00e9 trp\u00edc\u00ed autismem v\u011bt\u0161inou vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby v\u011bci prob\u00edhaly podle p\u0159esn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Proto nap\u0159\u00edklad miluj\u00ed d\u00edvat se na v\u0161e, co se to\u010d\u00ed. „Kdy\u017e byl syn mal\u00fd, hr\u00e1l si donekone\u010dna s ped\u00e1lem od rotopedu nebo se dlouhou dobu d\u00edval na vte\u0159inovou ru\u010di\u010dku,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 maminka osmn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho Honzy, kter\u00fd vedle autismu trp\u00ed i ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardac\u00ed. „Odmali\u010dka odm\u00edtal respektovat jak\u00e1koliv pravidla, tak\u017ee jsem se b\u011b\u017en\u011b setk\u00e1vala s n\u00e1zory, \u017ee je nevychovan\u00fd. Chodil nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159edkem ulice, vr\u00e1\u017eel do lid\u00ed,“ pokra\u010duje ve vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.
\nHonza chod\u00ed do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly, kde nem\u00e1 klasick\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty \u2013 u\u010d\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. T\u0159eba jak se obl\u00e9ci nebo namazat chleba. Ve \u0161kole bude je\u0161t\u011b dva roky, ale pak rodi\u010de nev\u011bd\u00ed, co d\u00e1l. „Tyto rodiny pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed ulevit od nonstop p\u00e9\u010de. Proto jim nab\u00edz\u00edme mo\u017enost n\u011bkolikadenn\u00edho odleh\u010dovac\u00edho pobytu,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Magdalena \u010c\u00e1slavsk\u00e1.
\nMezi autisty p\u0159itom pat\u0159\u00ed i d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 na prvn\u00ed pohled \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed nemaj\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 s takzvan\u00fdm Aspergerov\u00fdm syndromem maj\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dokonce nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd intelekt \u2013 m\u00edvaj\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00e9 abstraktn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed, schopnosti kombinovat. A p\u0159esto \u2013 pokud nedostanou spr\u00e1vnou diagn\u00f3zu v\u010das, jsou v \u017eivot\u011b ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00ed a mohou m\u00edt i sebevra\u017eedn\u00e9 sklony.
\nMezi takzvan\u00e9 „asp\u00edky“ pat\u0159\u00ed i dvan\u00e1ctilet\u00fd \u0160imon. U\u017e jako t\u0159\u00edlet\u00fd m\u011bl v hlav\u011b j\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy, vypt\u00e1val se lid\u00ed, kam jedou, a pak jim \u0159\u00edkal, kde maj\u00ed p\u0159estoupit. S ostatn\u00edmi d\u011btmi ale odmali\u010dka nevych\u00e1zel, nerozum\u011bl si s nimi. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za mu hodn\u011b pomohla. „V prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b jsme je\u0161t\u011b o jeho probl\u00e9mu nev\u011bd\u011bli. Kdy\u017e ve \u0161kole suploval jin\u00fd u\u010ditel, dostal \u0160imon z\u00e1chvat vzteku. Te\u010f u\u010ditel\u00e9 v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e bude p\u00e1tou hodinu suplov\u00e1n\u00ed, mus\u00ed mu to \u0159\u00edct hned r\u00e1no, aby m\u011bl \u010das informace zpracovat,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 chlapc\u016fv otec. Dnes \u0160imon studuje na presti\u017en\u00edm gymn\u00e1ziu. Prosp\u011bch m\u00e1 skv\u011bl\u00fd, ale u\u017e p\u0159inesl dom\u016f t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed d\u016ftku, proto\u017ee je mnohem \u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho spolu\u017e\u00e1ci.
\n„Lid\u00e9 s Aspergerov\u00fdm syndromem maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m naj\u00edt si kamar\u00e1dy. P\u0159itom po nich \u010dasto tou\u017e\u00ed. Ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159ekonat samotu, u\u010d\u00ed je, jak si kamar\u00e1da naj\u00edt a p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed udr\u017eet,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010c\u00e1slavsk\u00e1.
\nPoradci ran\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de p\u0159itom maj\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nad hlavu. Doch\u00e1zej\u00ed do rodin a sna\u017e\u00ed se d\u011btem pomoci zvl\u00e1dat b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 situace. „D\u0159\u00edve jsem m\u011bl na starosti deset rodin, dnes jich m\u00e1m a\u017e \u0161edes\u00e1t,“ konstatuje Jan Kou\u0159il, vedouc\u00ed st\u0159ediska v\u010dasn\u00e9 intervence NAUTIS.<\/p>\n
Na vin\u011b je i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u011bk rodi\u010d\u016f<\/p>\n
Autistick\u00e9 d\u011bti dnes maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci, \u017ee odborn\u00edci jejich probl\u00e9my odhal\u00ed. Podle psycholo\u017eky z N\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fastavu pro autismus Kate\u0159iny Thorov\u00e9 se za posledn\u00ed roky v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ila diagnostika i pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, co autismus je. Do poradensk\u00fdch center proto chod\u00ed i dosp\u011bl\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed sami na sob\u011b za\u010dali pozorovat zn\u00e1mky autismu. I jejich po\u010det roste. „V roce 2007 jsme ur\u010dili autismus zhruba deseti dosp\u011bl\u00fdm lidem za rok. Dnes je to stovka,“ zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Thorov\u00e1. P\u0159itom je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edned\u00e1vnem tito lid\u00e9 odch\u00e1zeli s nespr\u00e1vnou diagn\u00f3zou jako t\u0159eba schizofrenie. Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f se ale lep\u0161\u00ed diagnostika pod\u00edl\u00ed na n\u00e1r\u016fstu autismu jen z\u010d\u00e1sti. „Velkou roli hraje i rostouc\u00ed v\u011bk rodi\u010d\u016f,“ poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00fd psychiatr profesor Michal Hrdli\u010dka z FN Motol.
\nNejv\u00edce b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak maj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed sebou. Ani dnes toti\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017eou spolehliv\u011b \u0159\u00edci, co konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zm\u011bny v mozku p\u0159ed narozen\u00edm zp\u016fsobuje. V\u011bd\u00ed ale ur\u010dit\u011b, co za autismus nem\u016f\u017ee. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se toti\u017e vyrojily teorie o souvislosti s o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm. Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f v\u0161ak vakcinace za vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskytem autismu ur\u010dit\u011b nestoj\u00ed. Dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed to statistikami zem\u00ed, kde nen\u00ed vakcinace povinn\u00e1, a mohou tak srovn\u00e1vat o\u010dkovanou a neo\u010dkovanou populaci. „Mezi o\u010dkovan\u00fdmi lidmi nen\u00ed v\u00edce autist\u016f,“ poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Hrdli\u010dka.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
Fakta Jak poznat autismus<\/p>\n
Podez\u0159el\u00e9 znaky u mal\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte * nereaguje na sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no * ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, co chce * do t\u0159\u00ed let v\u016fbec nemluv\u00ed * nereaguje na pokyny, p\u016fsob\u00ed dojmem, \u017ee nesly\u0161\u00ed * neudr\u017euje o\u010dn\u00ed kontakt ani s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi * p\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee \u017eije ve vlastn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b * nezaj\u00edm\u00e1 se o ostatn\u00ed d\u011bti * u\u010d\u00ed se v\u011bci memorov\u00e1n\u00edm Autismus m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy od m\u00edrn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f a\u017e po kombinaci s jin\u00fdmi du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami (nap\u0159\u00edklad ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardace, hyperaktivita). N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 trp\u00edc\u00ed autismem maj\u00ed naopak vysokou inteligenci. Kdy j\u00edt k odborn\u00edkovi Podez\u0159en\u00ed by m\u011bl vyslovit pediatr p\u0159i pravideln\u00fdch prohl\u00eddk\u00e1ch d\u00edt\u011bte kolem t\u0159et\u00edho roku v\u011bku. D\u00edt\u011b by se m\u011blo dostat k psychologovi nebo psychiatrovi do \u010dty\u0159 let v\u011bku, ur\u010dit\u011b pak d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e nastoup\u00ed do \u0161koly. Objednac\u00ed doby na vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed jsou v \u010desk\u00fdch ordinac\u00edch a\u017e 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nebo Brit\u00e1nii a\u017e 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n
Iva Bezd\u011bkov\u00e1
\nMlad\u00e1 fronta Dnes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Maj\u00ed r\u00e1di \u010d\u00edsla, pevn\u00e1 pravidla. A hystericky reaguj\u00ed na zm\u011bny. Po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed s autismem prudce roste.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27329"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27329\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}