Americk\u00fd mikrobiolog Brian Hanley si do sv\u00fdch sval\u016f injek\u010dn\u011b vpravil „ciz\u00ed“ DNA, aby stimuloval r\u016fstov\u00fd hormon a br\u00e1nil st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Jeho pokus ale nen\u00ed tak \u00fapln\u011b bez rizika.
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„Cht\u011bl bych b\u00fdt jako Deadpool a Wolverine s jejich regeneruj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd je zotav\u00ed z jak\u00e9hokoli zran\u011bn\u00ed? Ano, v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee jednoho dne, kter\u00fd je ale je\u0161t\u011b daleko, budeme m\u00edt v\u0161ichni tuto regeneruj\u00edc\u00ed schopnost,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bdec, kter\u00fd se v minulosti zab\u00fdval ot\u00e1zkou, jak \u010delit bakteriologick\u00fdm zbran\u00edm a sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016fm jadern\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n
\u0160edes\u00e1tilet\u00fd Hanley to mysl\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a stal se prvn\u00edm transgenick\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem. M\u00e1 dva nep\u0159\u00e1tele: st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a rozv\u00e1\u017enost. Pro\u010d u\u010dinil tak nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd pokus? V jeho svalov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch je aktivn\u00ed gen ciz\u00ed jeho t\u011blu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 vysokou produkci r\u016fstov\u00e9ho hormonu. Ten je p\u0159\u00edtomen hlavn\u011b v prvn\u00edch deseti letech \u017eivota \u010dlov\u011bka a pak prudce kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n
„Kdy\u017e jsem studoval virus HIV na Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, \u010detl jsem, \u017ee jeden n\u00e1\u0161 hormon ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako GHRH, jeho\u017e nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem je stimulace sekrece r\u016fstov\u00e9ho hormonu (GH), \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na bu\u0148ky a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159itom stejn\u00e9 receptory, jako pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 virus HIV, aby je po\u0161kodil. Dosp\u011bl jsem k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce hormonu GHRH m\u00e1me, t\u00edm v\u00edce HIV nach\u00e1z\u00ed tyto receptory ‚obsazen\u00e9‘ a nemoc se zastav\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee hormon GHRH posiluje imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 mikrobiolog, jeho\u017e citoval italsk\u00fd den\u00edk La Repubblica. Hanley se tedy cht\u011bl pokusit vyu\u017e\u00edt vlivu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 r\u016fstov\u00fd hormon na imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, a tak \u010delit st\u00e1rnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V\u011bdec si vybral hormon GHRH, proto\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed k t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 byly nejv\u00edce odzkou\u0161eny na zv\u00ed\u0159atech a riziko je u n\u011bho sp\u00ed\u0161e n\u00edzk\u00e9. Jak je tomu u \u010dlov\u011bka, nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo: je zde riziko gigantismu, akromegalie a stresu org\u00e1n\u016f. A nelze vylou\u010dit ani n\u00e1dory na mozku. „Dnes jsem v\u0161ak zdrav\u00fd,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hanley.<\/p>\n
Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee organismus m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m autoregulace, kter\u00fd br\u00e1n\u00ed tomu, aby byla \u00farove\u0148 r\u016fstov\u00e9ho hormonu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1. „Se svou technikou chci produkci r\u016fstov\u00e9ho hormonu p\u0159iv\u00e9st na \u00farove\u0148 odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159iceti let\u016fm. Ostatn\u011b jsem se obr\u00e1til na nez\u00e1visl\u00fd bioetick\u00fd v\u00fdbor, kter\u00fd mi experiment schv\u00e1lil,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n
Seznam v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v minulosti experimentovali na vlastn\u00edm t\u011ble, je dlouh\u00fd. D\u011blalo to 15 nositel\u016f Nobelovy ceny. A deset v\u011bdc\u016f z\u00edskalo Nobelovu cenu pr\u00e1v\u011b za studie z takov\u00fdch experiment\u016f. V roce 2005 z\u00edskal Nobelovu cenu za l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed Barry Marshall, kter\u00fd pil kulturu bakteri\u00ed, aby odhalil jejich \u00fa\u010dinky na \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed katar a v\u0159edy.<\/p>\n
„Nejsnadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak dostat DNA do bun\u011bk, je pou\u017e\u00edt geny, kter\u00e9 si bakterie mohou vym\u011b\u0148ovat mezi sebou a mezi bakteriemi jin\u00fdch druh\u016f. Takov\u00fdm molekul\u00e1m se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 plazmidy. Nechal jsem si vyrobit gen GHRH v laborato\u0159i. Pak jsem si ho nechal od l\u00e9ka\u0159e vpravit injek\u010dn\u011b do stehenn\u00edho svalu a pomoc\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho proudu (co\u017e je velmi bolestiv\u00e9) jsem si ho nechal proniknout do bun\u011bk. Poprv\u00e9 to bylo v \u010dervenci 2015. Podruh\u00e9 (za anestezie) loni v \u010dervnu. Pou\u017eil jsem dv\u011b injekce, proto\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinky se projev\u00ed a\u017e za n\u011bjak\u00fd ten m\u011bs\u00edc. Nezm\u011bnil jsem svou DNA, pouze sv\u00e9 bu\u0148ky,“ zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n
A jak se Brian Hanley c\u00edt\u00ed? „Prvn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc jsem pro\u017e\u00edval euforii, ale to mohl b\u00fdt efekt placebo. Zm\u011bnily se v\u0161ak hodnoty, kter\u00e9 efekt placebo nemohl ovlivnit: m\u00e1m v\u00edce b\u00edl\u00fdch krvinek, m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9ho cholesterolu a v\u00edce toho dobr\u00e9ho a o deset \u00fader\u016f srdce za minutu m\u00e9n\u011b. Zd\u00e1 se mi, \u017ee se mi r\u00e1ny d\u0159\u00edve hoj\u00ed. Zat\u00edm jsem ale je\u0161t\u011b nepoc\u00edtil chu\u0165 navl\u00e9knout si brn\u011bn\u00ed a pustit se do boje proti zlo\u010dinu,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Americk\u00fd mikrobiolog Brian Hanley si do sv\u00fdch sval\u016f injek\u010dn\u011b vpravil „ciz\u00ed“ DNA, aby stimuloval r\u016fstov\u00fd hormon a br\u00e1nil st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Jeho pokus ale nen\u00ed tak \u00fapln\u011b […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}