V\u00edtejte mezi nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi. Jejich sv\u011bt lze p\u0159irovnat k prost\u0159ed\u00ed pod vodn\u00ed hladinou – je ochuzen\u00e9 o \u010dist\u00fd zvuk, ale p\u0159esto bohat\u00e9 a pestr\u00e9. <\/p>\n
\u010ce\u0161tina je pro nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed od narozen\u00ed stejn\u011b ciz\u00ed jako t\u0159eba angli\u010dtina, oboj\u00ed nikdy nesly\u0161eli, jejich mate\u0159\u0161tinou je jazyk znakov\u00fd,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Leo\u0161 Ma\u010d\u00e1k, \u0159editel chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165 Tich\u00fd sv\u011bt. S\u00e1m je sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed a znakov\u00fd jazyk se u\u010dil postupn\u011b. Nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou rozum\u00ed psan\u00e9mu slovu st\u00e1tu, kde \u017eij\u00ed, ale porozum\u011bn\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 omezen\u00e9. „P\u0159edstavme si pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 texty. T\u011bm nerozum\u00ed snad nikdo. J\u00e1 tedy rozhodn\u011b ne, a to jsem sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed a s \u010de\u0161tinou probl\u00e9m nem\u00e1m,“ p\u0159ibli\u017euje vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi Leo\u0161 Ma\u010d\u00e1k.
\nCo je naopak podobn\u00e9 pro sv\u011bty sly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch i nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch, je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 prstov\u00e1 abeceda, shoduj\u00ed se i n\u011bkter\u00e9 znaky jako t\u0159eba sp\u00e1t, letadlo, auto, ok, telefon, pen\u00edze apod., kter\u00e9 se p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed podobn\u011b jako v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 gestikulaci. Leckoho m\u016f\u017ee napadnout, \u017ee znakov\u00fd jazyk je toto\u017en\u00fd po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ale opak je pravdou. Je to d\u00e1no mimo jin\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159it jin\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, situace. „Znakov\u00e9 jazyky se mohou podobat gramatikou, ale jinak jsou v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9. Vznikaly p\u0159irozen\u011b a nez\u00e1visle na mluven\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch t\u00e9 kter\u00e9 zem\u011b,“ potvrzuje pan Ma\u010d\u00e1k. Ov\u0161em existuje i univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed jazyk: „Pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed znakov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, co\u017e je um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek.
\nN\u011bco jako esperanto,“ vysv\u011btluje \u0159editel chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165.
\nPodle jeho slov neexistuj\u00ed vylo\u017een\u00e1 omezen\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jsou n\u011bkter\u00e1 zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pro n\u011b nejsou vhodn\u00e1 – jako t\u0159eba telefonn\u00ed oper\u00e1tor -, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou lze v\u0161e \u0159e\u0161it. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdlka vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i n\u00e1zvoslov\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad hojn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pojem \u00bbhluchon\u011bm\u00fd\u00ab je zastaral\u00fd a nevyjad\u0159uje dan\u00fd stav. Nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed jej dokonce mohou pova\u017eovat za ur\u00e1\u017eku. \u017de n\u011bkdo nesly\u0161\u00ed, toti\u017e neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je n\u011bm\u00fd. V\u011bt\u0161ina nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch m\u00e1 hlasivky zcela v po\u0159\u00e1dku, jen nad nimi nem\u00e1 sluchovou kontrolu. Tak\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, zda se bez sluchu narodili, nebo o n\u011bj p\u0159i\u0161li \u010dasem. Podobn\u011b je tomu s ozna\u010den\u00edm syst\u00e9mu dorozum\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Tady nehovo\u0159\u00edme o znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di, ale o jazyce. Nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edm t\u00e9\u017e nen\u00ed up\u0159ena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00e1bava. Hraj\u00ed se divadeln\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed ve znakov\u00e9m jazyce, tlumo\u010d\u00ed se dokonce koncerty v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 hudby: „Zde se jedn\u00e1 o um\u011bleck\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je ov\u0161em nesm\u00edrn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edpravu, ne ka\u017ed\u00fd si na n\u011bj troufne. Zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 se nejen text, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1lada, rytmus…“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Leo\u0161 Ma\u010d\u00e1k. Nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed mohou i tancovat, vn\u00edmaj\u00ed toti\u017e vibrace. Je to podobn\u00e9, jako kdy\u017e si t\u0159eba d\u00e1te ruku na reprobednu…
\nA jak \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad potlesk? T\u0159epotaj\u00ed rukama nad hlavou, \u010d\u00edm v\u00edc, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. V\u00fdst\u0159el ze startovn\u00ed pistole zase nahrazuje sv\u011bteln\u00fd sign\u00e1l. Podle slov pana Ma\u010d\u00e1ka je t\u00e9\u017e fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed komunikace nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch: Jsou p\u0159\u00edm\u00ed a jdou rovnou k v\u011bci, odpad\u00e1 zbyte\u010dn\u00e1 \u00bbom\u00e1\u010dka\u00ab. <\/p>\n
— <\/p>\n
Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed znakov\u00fd jazyk<\/p>\n
M. Odv\u00e1rkov\u00e1
\nRytmus \u017eivota<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00edtejte mezi nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi. Jejich sv\u011bt lze p\u0159irovnat k prost\u0159ed\u00ed pod vodn\u00ed hladinou – je ochuzen\u00e9 o \u010dist\u00fd zvuk, ale p\u0159esto bohat\u00e9 a pestr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14367,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27376"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27376\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}