{"id":27486,"date":"2017-03-09T14:52:44","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T13:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27486"},"modified":"2017-03-09T14:52:44","modified_gmt":"2017-03-09T13:52:44","slug":"obrazky-pro-nevidome-vyrabi-uz-tricet-let","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27486","title":{"rendered":"Obr\u00e1zky pro nevidom\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed u\u017e t\u0159icet let"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>U\u017e zhruba t\u0159icet let vyr\u00e1b\u00ed Veronika Haiclov\u00e1 z olomouck\u00e9ho Tyfloservisu obr\u00e1zky pro nevidom\u00e9 d\u011bti. N\u00e1pad, jak jim uk\u00e1zat zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tka, \u010di dokonce celou poh\u00e1dku, dostala p\u0159i studiu speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogiky na Univerzit\u011b Palack\u00e9ho. Do t\u00e9 doby v \u010cesku nic podobn\u00e9ho pro nevidom\u00e9 d\u011bti neexistovalo.<\/strong> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&#8222;P\u0159i studiu jsme obj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli r\u016fzn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, abychom se mohli rozhodnout, kterou specializaci si vybereme. Nejv\u00edce m\u011b zaujali nevidom\u00ed. U nevidom\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed m\u011b pot\u00e9 \u0161okovalo a mrzelo, \u017ee jen sed\u011bly v lavic\u00edch a nemohly m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky,&#8220; vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 Haiclov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Zku\u0161enost pro ni byla impulzem k v\u00fdrob\u011b prvn\u00edch hmatov\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f. Pustila se do nich u\u017e na vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole, studovala v letech 1986 a\u017e 1990. Dnes m\u00e1 za sebou \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b stovky takov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Krom\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky je znaj\u00ed i v Rakousku a N\u011bmecku.<\/p>\n<p>Princip hmatov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku je postaven\u00fd na jednotliv\u00fdch na sebe lepen\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch z r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Ty v\u011bt\u0161inou lad\u00ed s t\u00edm, co chce Haiclov\u00e1 na obr\u00e1zku zachytit. P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tek proto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 kousky ko\u017ee\u0161inek \u010di k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, pracuje i s korkem \u010di nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi textiliemi.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i vyst\u0159ihov\u00e1n\u00ed a skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch vrstev zachycuje celkov\u00e9 obrysy i detaily toho, co chce nevidom\u00fdm d\u011btem p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit. Ov\u0161em p\u0159edstava, \u017ee se takto d\u00e1 zachytit \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161echno, je podle n\u00ed myln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Hmatov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek mus\u00ed b\u00fdt oproti realit\u011b mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, s omezen\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm detail\u016f, aby to bylo v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 a srozumiteln\u00e9. Nav\u00edc se d\u00edt\u011b mus\u00ed nau\u010dit tyto obr\u00e1zky pozn\u00e1vat. P\u0159i hmatov\u00e9 form\u011b hned nev\u00ed, o co jde. Mus\u00ed se nau\u010dit sledovat linie, geometrick\u00e9 tvary a typick\u00e9 znaky toho, co pozn\u00e1v\u00e1. N\u011bkdo ho t\u00edm mus\u00ed alespo\u0148 ze za\u010d\u00e1tku prov\u00e1zet,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Haiclov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 v Tyfloservisu pracuje jako vedouc\u00ed krajsk\u00e9ho ambulantn\u00edho st\u0159ediska.<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee si nevidom\u00ed hmatov\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky &#8222;prohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed&#8220; naopak ne\u017e vidouc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk. &#8222;Ten v\u011bt\u0161inou nejprve vn\u00edm\u00e1 celek, pot\u00e9 se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na detaily. Kde\u017eto nevidom\u00fd si u hmatov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku mus\u00ed p\u0159edstavu onoho celku vytvo\u0159it s\u00e1m. A kdy\u017e je zde p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho detail\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee ji ve v\u00fdsledku m\u00edt mylnou,&#8220; vysv\u011btluje Haiclov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v propracovanosti hmatov\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f p\u0159ed lety ze za\u010d\u00e1tku chybovala. &#8222;Myslela jsem si, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Kdy\u017e jsem pracovala na hmatov\u00e9m obr\u00e1zku dome\u010dku, ud\u011blala jsem tam i z\u00e1clonky, ant\u00e9nu \u010di kyti\u010dky v oknech,&#8220; usm\u00edv\u00e1 se Haiclov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Z obr\u00e1zk\u016f dok\u00e1\u017ee seskl\u00e1dat i hmatov\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u \u010cerven\u00e9 Karkulky je na prvn\u00edm obr\u00e1zku pouze hol\u010di\u010dka, na druh\u00e9m ko\u0161\u00ed\u010dek a na dal\u0161\u00edm vlk.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Jsou to symboly vybran\u00e9 z p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. P\u0159itom se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee pedagog anebo rodi\u010d k tomu nevidom\u00e9mu spoustu v\u011bc\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dopln\u00ed,&#8220; p\u0159ibli\u017euje Haiclov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Michal Pol\u00e1\u010dek<br \/>\nMlad\u00e1 fronta DNES<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>U\u017e zhruba t\u0159icet let vyr\u00e1b\u00ed Veronika Haiclov\u00e1 z olomouck\u00e9ho Tyfloservisu obr\u00e1zky pro nevidom\u00e9 d\u011bti. N\u00e1pad, jak jim uk\u00e1zat zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tka, \u010di dokonce celou poh\u00e1dku, dostala p\u0159i <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27486\" title=\"Obr\u00e1zky pro nevidom\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed u\u017e t\u0159icet let\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27486\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}