{"id":27487,"date":"2017-03-09T15:07:02","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T14:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27487"},"modified":"2017-03-09T15:07:02","modified_gmt":"2017-03-09T14:07:02","slug":"prase-ktere-si-samo-vyleci-rakovinu-kuze-prazsti-vedci-vytvorili-unikat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27487","title":{"rendered":"Prase, kter\u00e9 si samo vyl\u00e9\u010d\u00ed rakovinu k\u016f\u017ee. Pra\u017e\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili unik\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"

V pra\u017esk\u00e9 Laborato\u0159i biologie n\u00e1dor\u016f maj\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd unik\u00e1t \u2013 vy\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 miniaturn\u00ed prase, kter\u00e9 se um\u00ed samovoln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit ze zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru k\u016f\u017ee. To zjednodu\u0161en\u011b znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je schopno si samo zhojit melanom i p\u0159esto, \u017ee ji\u017e zalo\u017eil vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 metast\u00e1zy a onemocn\u011bn\u00ed bylo pokro\u010dil\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lib\u011bchovsk\u00e1 miniprasata neboli MeLiM, jak zn\u00ed jejich ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, se um\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl od lid\u00ed, samovoln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit ze zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru k\u016f\u017ee. Melanomem jsou p\u0159itom tato zv\u00ed\u0159ata d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b posti\u017een\u00e1 u\u017e od narozen\u00ed. Norm\u00e1ln\u011b by je \u010dekala smrt. Toto miniprase ne. Vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za to fenom\u00e9nu zvan\u00e9mu spont\u00e1nn\u00ed regrese: imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v ur\u010dit\u00e9m v\u011bku za\u010dne ni\u010dit n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata se tak ze zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou samovoln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit, i kdy\u017e u\u017e maj\u00ed t\u011blo pln\u00e9 metast\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V Lib\u011bchov\u011b tato prasata vy\u0161lechtili u\u017e p\u0159ed lety. Vyu\u017eili toho, \u017ee se u nich spont\u00e1nn\u00ed regrese ob\u010das vyskytuje i p\u0159irozen\u011b. Co ji ale zp\u016fsobuje, se dodnes nev\u00ed. „M\u00e1me p\u0159edstavu, kter\u00e9 bu\u0148ky za to mohou b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9, ale ty mechanismy jsou velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9,“ uvedla Monika \u010cervinkov\u00e1 z Laborato\u0159e biologie n\u00e1dor\u016f. Jedna z hypot\u00e9z je, \u017ee spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edm mechanismem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mikrobiom p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd v n\u00e1drou \u2013 \u010dili vlastn\u011b mikrobi p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed v n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n

Jestli by p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to h\u00e1danky ovlivnilo l\u00e9\u010dbu melanomu u lid\u00ed, se podle v\u011bdc\u016f ned\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci. Mo\u017en\u00e9 to ale je u\u017e proto, \u017ee prase\u010d\u00ed organismus je tomu lidsk\u00e9mu pom\u011brn\u011b podobn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

„Zam\u011b\u0159ujeme se na studium imunologick\u00fdch mechanism\u016f p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i r\u016fstu a naopak p\u0159i spont\u00e1nn\u00edm \u00fatlumu n\u00e1dor\u016f. S vyu\u017eit\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch model\u016f studujeme p\u0159irozen\u00fd n\u00e1stup protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 imunity, i to jak specifickou imunitu a \u00fastup n\u00e1dor\u016f navodit experiment\u00e1ln\u011b,“ uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u011bdci z Laborato\u0159e biologie n\u00e1dor\u016f.<\/p>\n

„Linie miniaturn\u00edch prasat MeLiM s d\u011bdi\u010dnou formou melanomu p\u0159edstavuje jedine\u010dn\u00fd experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed model, u kter\u00e9ho po obdob\u00ed r\u016fstu n\u00e1doru spojen\u00e9 s tvorbou metast\u00e1z nastupuje spont\u00e1nn\u00ed \u00fatlum n\u00e1doru vedouc\u00ed k \u00fapln\u00e9mu vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed. Regrese n\u00e1dor\u016f je spojen\u00e1 s infiltrac\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b bu\u0148kami imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, ale jejich p\u0159esn\u00e1 \u00faloha nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma.“ V\u011bdci na t\u011bchto tvorech studuj\u00ed, jak se m\u011bn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed populac\u00ed imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk v krvi a v n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni v pr\u016fb\u011bhu vzniku i z\u00e1niku n\u00e1doru. Sna\u017e\u00ed se rozpoznat, kter\u00e9 z l\u00e1tek funguj\u00ed proti melanomu a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Obecn\u011b je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poznat roli imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i z\u00e1niku n\u00e1dor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je melanom tak z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/p>\n

Melanom je sedm\u00fdm nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1dorem v \u010cesku, v\u00edce postihuje \u017eeny, \u010dast\u011bji na n\u011bj ale um\u00edraj\u00ed mu\u017ei, proto\u017ee si m\u00e9n\u011b v\u0161\u00edmaj\u00ed varovn\u00fdch zm\u011bn na k\u016f\u017ei. Melanom je nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee. Pokud se neodhal\u00ed v\u010das, je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd. Ro\u010dn\u011b je v \u010cesku diagnostikov\u00e1no 2400 nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f melanomu a p\u0159es 450 lid\u00ed na n\u011bj ka\u017ed\u00fd rok um\u00edr\u00e1. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 400 pacient\u016f m\u00e1 n\u00e1dor v pokro\u010dil\u00e9m stadiu, kter\u00fd u\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 operovat.<\/p>\n

Odhalit zhoubn\u00fd ko\u017en\u00ed melanom v \u010dasn\u00e9m, dob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9m stadiu, se d\u00edky osv\u011bt\u011b da\u0159\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru v 67 procentech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Po\u010dty zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed rostou, po\u010dty zem\u0159el\u00fdch nikoli.<\/p>\n

Aby se melanom na k\u016f\u017ei v\u016fbec nevytvo\u0159il, nebo aby se ji\u017e vznikl\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zachytilo v dob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9m stadiu, posta\u010d\u00ed dodr\u017eet dv\u011b zlat\u00e9 z\u00e1sady \u2013 opalovat se s rozumem a dostate\u010dnou ochranou a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 neobvykl\u00e9 zm\u011bny na k\u016f\u017ei bez odkladu konzultovat s ko\u017en\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159em.<\/p>\n

Melanom se tvo\u0159\u00ed z pigmentov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, t\u0159etina se vyv\u00edj\u00ed z pigmentov\u00fdch znam\u00e9nek. Vedle genetiky a poruchy imunity p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jeho vzniku hlavn\u011b opalov\u00e1n\u00ed bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 ochrany. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se n\u00e1dor vytvo\u0159\u00ed na p\u016fvodn\u011b zdrav\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ei jako skvrna odli\u0161n\u00e9 barvy, kter\u00e1 se zvolna zv\u011bt\u0161uje a p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 na tlou\u0161\u0165ce, jindy se ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00e9 znam\u00e9nko zm\u011bn\u00ed tvarov\u011b i barevn\u011b v melanom.<\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed se t\u0159ikr\u00e1t za \u017eivot na slunci sp\u00e1lit, riziko rozvoje melanomu se hned zn\u00e1sob\u00ed. V\u00edce ohro\u017eeni jsou lid\u00e9 sv\u011btl\u00e9ho fototypu, s mno\u017estv\u00edm mate\u0159sk\u00fdch znam\u00e9nek a ti, v jejich\u017e rodin\u011b se rakovina k\u016f\u017ee vyskytla.<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed doporu\u010duje vyh\u00fdbat se p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu slunci mezi 11. a\u017e 15. hodinou, vyhled\u00e1vat st\u00edn, chr\u00e1nit se od\u011bvem a ochrann\u00fdmi kr\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 by se m\u011bly na k\u016f\u017ei nan\u00e9st alespo\u0148 20 minut p\u0159ed pobytem na slunci a pravideln\u011b b\u011bhem dne znovu nat\u00edrat. Pro pobyt ve vod\u011b existuj\u00ed vod\u011bodoln\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 kr\u00e9my. D\u011bti do jednoho roku nemaj\u00ed b\u00fdt slunci v\u016fbec vystavov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Vod\u00edtkem pro rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho znam\u00e9nka je ABCDE varovn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e A je asymetrie (asymmetry), B ohrani\u010den\u00ed (border), C barva (colour), D pr\u016fm\u011br (diameter) a E vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed (elevation).<\/p>\n

Fakta
\nKdo objevil melanom<\/p>\n

Pojem melanom vymyslel francouzsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Ren\u00e9 Laennec, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el 13. srpna 1826 v pouh\u00fdch 45 letech na tuberkul\u00f3zu. Popsal ho u\u017e v roce 1804, je\u0161t\u011b jako student. U\u017e tehdy s\u00e1hl do \u0159e\u010dtiny, v n\u00ed\u017e m\u00e9las znamen\u00e1 \u010dern\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u010ct24<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V pra\u017esk\u00e9 Laborato\u0159i biologie n\u00e1dor\u016f maj\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd unik\u00e1t \u2013 vy\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 miniaturn\u00ed prase, kter\u00e9 se um\u00ed samovoln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit ze zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru k\u016f\u017ee. To zjednodu\u0161en\u011b znamen\u00e1, \u017ee […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27487"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27487\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}