{"id":27794,"date":"2017-04-03T10:36:53","date_gmt":"2017-04-03T08:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27794"},"modified":"2017-04-03T16:33:36","modified_gmt":"2017-04-03T14:33:36","slug":"corriere-della-sera-za-vas-nos-muze-misto-narozeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27794","title":{"rendered":"Corriere della Sera: Za v\u00e1\u0161 nos m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edsto narozen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Velk\u00fd nebo mal\u00fd, dlouh\u00fd nebo kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, obr\u00e1cen\u00fd sm\u011brem dol\u016f nebo sm\u011brem vzh\u016fru, nos jako brambora: podoby nos\u016f jsou rozmanit\u00e9, n\u011bkdo jich dokonce napo\u010d\u00edtal na \u010dty\u0159icet. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se d\u011bd\u00ed, ale studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u010dasopisu Plos Genetics ukazuje, \u017ee b\u011bhem evoluce to bylo \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ur\u010dovalo podobu tohoto charakteristick\u00e9ho prvku na\u0161eho obli\u010deje.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed Arslan Zaidi a Mark Shriver z Pensylv\u00e1nsk\u00e9 univerzity, kte\u0159\u00ed analyzovali nosy populac\u00ed z Afriky, jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie a z Evropy, nejsou rozd\u00edly spojeny jen s genetick\u00fdmi modifikacemi, podmi\u0148uje je tak\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci m\u011b\u0159ili rozm\u011bry a formy nos\u016f za pomoci 3D zobrazen\u00ed. A spojili tyto charakteristiky s \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, v n\u011bm\u017e tyto populace \u017eij\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na jde o dv\u011b okolnosti: vlhkost a teplotu. Nos filtruje vzduch z okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a chr\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00edce p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed agres\u00ed a p\u0159ed infekc\u00ed. A nejen to: oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 vzduch, kdy\u017e je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 studen\u00fd, zvlh\u010duje ho, kdy\u017e je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 such\u00fd, a to proto, aby d\u00fdchac\u00ed syst\u00e9m fungoval co nejl\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n

Tuto souvislost vysledoval ji\u017e skotsk\u00fd v\u011bdec Arthur Thomson, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el v roce 1935. Pozoroval, \u017ee populace \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v chladn\u00e9m a such\u00e9m klimatu maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt del\u0161\u00ed a subtiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nos, zat\u00edmco rozta\u017een\u00e9 a siln\u00e9 nosy nach\u00e1z\u00edme ve vlhk\u00fdch a tepl\u00fdch oblastech. Thomson dosp\u011bl ke sv\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy kost\u00ed a lebek, zat\u00edmco Arslam Zaidi a Mark Shriver studovali rysy nos\u016f \u017eiv\u00fdch obyvatel.<\/p>\n

Jejich v\u00fdzkum potvrdil, \u017ee velk\u00e9 nosy jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u populac\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v tepl\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch, zat\u00edmco men\u0161\u00ed a u\u017e\u0161\u00ed jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v such\u00e9m a chladn\u00e9m klimatu. Proto\u017ee jednou z funkc\u00ed nosu je oh\u0159\u00edvat a zvlh\u010dovat vzduch, je k tomuto \u00fa\u010delu vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed subtiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nos, kter\u00fd je typick\u00fd pro such\u00e9 a chladn\u00e9 klima. Kdo ale nepot\u0159ebuje zvlh\u010dovat a oteplovat vzduch, proto\u017ee \u017eije v tepl\u00fdch a vlhk\u00fdch oblastech, m\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nozdry.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 konstatovali rozd\u00edly ve tvaru nosu u \u017een a u mu\u017e\u016f: mu\u017ei m\u00edvaj\u00ed nos v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u017eeny, stejn\u011b jako je tomu u cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla. To je prvek nav\u00edc, kter\u00fd se net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen anatomie, ale tak\u00e9 estetiky. Osoba s p\u011bkn\u00fdm nosem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sexu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e1 a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vybr\u00e1na jako partner pro reprodukci, poznamenal italsk\u00fd den\u00edk Corriere della Sera.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u011bdc\u016f z izraelsk\u00e9 Ben Gurionovy univerzity v Negevu uk\u00e1zal, tentokr\u00e1t na poli estetiky, jak\u00e9 jsou nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variace nos\u016f a kter\u00e9 nosy jsou ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny za kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 nikoli, a to na p\u0159\u00edkladech v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed. Nejp\u0159ita\u017eliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je podle nich nos fotbalisty Wayna Rooneyho, kter\u00fd hraje za Manchester United, pak n\u00e1sleduje nos v\u00e9vodkyn\u011b z Cambridge Kate Middletonov\u00e9, jemu\u017e d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost um\u011blci. Nos \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Filipa pova\u017euj\u00ed za takov\u00fd b\u011b\u017en\u00fd a nakonec uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed nos americk\u00e9 here\u010dky Barbry Streisandov\u00e9, kter\u00fd je podle nich nejm\u00e9n\u011b sv\u016fdn\u00fd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Velk\u00fd nebo mal\u00fd, dlouh\u00fd nebo kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, obr\u00e1cen\u00fd sm\u011brem dol\u016f nebo sm\u011brem vzh\u016fru, nos jako brambora: podoby nos\u016f jsou rozmanit\u00e9, n\u011bkdo jich dokonce napo\u010d\u00edtal na \u010dty\u0159icet. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27794"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27794\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}