{"id":27966,"date":"2017-04-13T01:34:09","date_gmt":"2017-04-12T23:34:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27966"},"modified":"2017-04-13T10:46:28","modified_gmt":"2017-04-13T08:46:28","slug":"lepsi-je-cevni-prihoda-ke-ktere-nikdy-nedojde-hlidejte-si-cholesterol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27966","title":{"rendered":"LEP\u0160\u00cd JE C\u00c9VN\u00cd P\u0158\u00cdHODA, KE KTER\u00c9 NIKDY NEDOJDE. HL\u00cdDEJTE SI CHOLESTEROL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (KVO) se st\u00e1le dr\u017e\u00ed na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed, jak v \u010cesku, tak v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.\u00a0 P\u0159itom pomoc existuje. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prevence, zm\u011bna \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu &#8230;..<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161inou je na vin\u011b <strong>ateroskler\u00f3za<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 postupn\u011b ni\u010d\u00ed c\u00e9vy cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Prap\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jej\u00edho vzniku nejsou st\u00e1le objasn\u011bny, ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee aterosklerotick\u00fd proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b genetick\u00fdch odchylek,\u00a0 \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu (kou\u0159en\u00ed, obezita, nedostatek pohybu, stres) ve spojen\u00ed s \u0159adou onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu v krvi, diabetes mellitus 2. typu).<\/p>\n<p>Hladina krevn\u00edch tuk\u016f (zejm\u00e9na LDL cholesterolu) hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i naru\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdstelky c\u00e9v a stoj\u00ed tak na za\u010d\u00e1tku i v cel\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu aterosklerotick\u00fdch zm\u011bn. \u201eAteroskler\u00f3za a jej\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 faktory (nejen) v \u010desk\u00e9 populaci p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u016fbec nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chronick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c upozor\u0148uje doc. MUDr. Michal Vrabl\u00edk, Ph.D., z III. intern\u00ed kliniky 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze a p\u0159edseda \u010cSAT, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje l\u00e9ka\u0159e zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na l\u00e9\u010dbu vysok\u00e9ho cholesterolu a prevenci kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cestou ke zdrav\u00ed je v\u010das odhalit rizikov\u00e9 pacienty<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina \u010desk\u00e9 populace (42 %)1 svou hladinu cholesterolu nesleduje a nezaj\u00edm\u00e1 se o ni, \u010ce\u0161i obecn\u011b podce\u0148uj\u00ed preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky a nedbaj\u00ed na zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasto prob\u00edh\u00e1 bezp\u0159\u00edznakov\u011b, b\u00fdv\u00e1 prvn\u00edm sign\u00e1lem ateroskler\u00f3zy a\u017e <strong>srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt<\/strong>. Ten spolu s chronickou ischemickou chorobou srde\u010dn\u00ed a c\u00e9vn\u00ed mozkovou p\u0159\u00edhodou pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1m kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed. T\u011bchto \u00famrt\u00ed bylo v roce 2015 mezi mu\u017ei v \u010cR 23 380 a u \u017een 24 802, co\u017e je 41,8 a 44,9 % ze v\u0161ech zem\u0159el\u00fdch v dan\u00e9m roce. I proto je c\u00edlem medic\u00edny vytipovat v\u010das pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko ateroskler\u00f3zy a t\u00edm i kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (KVO).<\/p>\n<p>K tomu slou\u017e\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad i N\u00e1rodn\u00ed kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed program. \u201eTen se sice da\u0159\u00ed plnit v oblasti l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9, av\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch prevence m\u00e1me st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e9 rezervy,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. MUDr. Ale\u0161 Linhart, DrSc., kardiolog a p\u0159ednosta II. intern\u00ed kliniky 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pestr\u00e1 strava a pohyb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1, v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b s velmi dobr\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky. P\u0159i infarktech se prov\u00e1d\u00ed angioplastika, kdy se do koron\u00e1rn\u00edch arteri\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed stenty (trubi\u010dky, kter\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed a udr\u017euj\u00ed pr\u016fsvit v\u011bn\u010dit\u00fdch tepen), z\u00fa\u017een\u00e1 m\u00edsta se p\u0159emos\u0165uj\u00ed bypassem (c\u00e9vou odebranou z jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti c\u00e9vn\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b). U ischemick\u00fdch mozkov\u00fdch mrtvic se n\u011bkdy da\u0159\u00ed rozpustit krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeninu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eLep\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e \u0159e\u0161it n\u00e1sledky kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, je ateroskler\u00f3ze p\u0159edch\u00e1zet nebo alespo\u0148 zpomalovat jej\u00ed rozvoj. To je v z\u00e1sad\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1sad zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu \u2013 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e9le, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe \u2013 proto nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f dos\u00e1hneme, kdy\u017e zdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl jako normu prosad\u00edme u d\u011bt\u00ed. V dosp\u011bl\u00e9 populaci \u010dasto \u00faprava \u017eivotn\u00edho re\u017eimu nesta\u010d\u00ed a mus\u00edme pou\u017e\u00edt l\u00e9\u010diva. Dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee zejm\u00e9na l\u00e9ky sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed hladiny krevn\u00edho cholesterolu a krevn\u00edho tlaku mimo jakoukoli pochybnost v\u00fdznamn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko rozvoje komplikac\u00ed ateroskler\u00f3zy,\u201c dopl\u0148uje doc. MUDr. Michal Vrabl\u00edk, Ph.D.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sta\u010d\u00ed n\u011bkolik snadn\u00fdch krok\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* omezit \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 tuky (zvy\u0161uj\u00ed LDL cholesterol v krvi).<\/p>\n<p>* Dop\u0159\u00e1t t\u011blu bohat\u011b rostlinn\u00fdch variant tuk\u016f (obsahuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny, kter\u00e9 jsou zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>* Zrady mohou \u010d\u00edhat ve fit ty\u010dink\u00e1ch (vysok\u00fd obsah nezdrav\u00fdch olej\u016f), v m\u00e1sle (m\u00e1 3x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah nasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin ne\u017e s\u00e1dlo), obecn\u011b v potravin\u00e1ch s vysok\u00fdm obsahem tuku a cukru (typicky pr\u016fmyslov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 trvanliv\u00e9 sladkosti).<\/p>\n<p>* Dod\u00e1vat t\u011blu vl\u00e1kninu (rozpustnou \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad pektin v ryb\u00edzu, jablk\u00e1ch, avok\u00e1du, i nerozpustnou \u2013 celozrnn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, zelenina).<\/p>\n<p>* Sna\u017eit se udr\u017eovat si v\u00e1hu (BMI nen\u00ed v\u017edy rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed, i \u0161t\u00edhl\u00ed jedinci mohou m\u00edt v t\u011ble velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho tuku).<\/p>\n<p>* Pohyb pat\u0159\u00ed k z\u00e1kladn\u00edm \u201el\u00e9k\u016fm\u201c. Je prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee fyzick\u00e1 aktivita sni\u017euje riziko kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Cvi\u010den\u00edm se zlep\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed kysl\u00edku v srdci, zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed tolerance fyzick\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, naopak sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tukov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby, krevn\u00ed tlak a zlep\u0161\u00ed kompenzace diabetu. Doporu\u010deno je 3kr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b se po 30 a\u017e 40 minut v\u011bnovat aerobn\u00edm aktivit\u00e1m (j\u00edzda na kole, b\u011bh, plav\u00e1n\u00ed, rychl\u00e1 ch\u016fze, bruslen\u00ed, fotbal, tenis\u2026).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (KVO) se st\u00e1le dr\u017e\u00ed na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed, jak v \u010cesku, tak v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.\u00a0 P\u0159itom pomoc existuje. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prevence, zm\u011bna <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=27966\" title=\"LEP\u0160\u00cd JE C\u00c9VN\u00cd P\u0158\u00cdHODA, KE KTER\u00c9 NIKDY NEDOJDE. HL\u00cdDEJTE SI CHOLESTEROL\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27966"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27966\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}