{"id":28724,"date":"2017-07-18T12:42:37","date_gmt":"2017-07-18T10:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=28724"},"modified":"2017-07-18T12:42:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-18T10:42:37","slug":"oko-je-nejmensim-a-presto-jednim-z-nejslozitejsich-organu-v-lidskem-tele-silou-a-schopnostmi-prekvapi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=28724","title":{"rendered":"Oko: Je nejmen\u0161\u00edm, a p\u0159esto jedn\u00edm z nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. Silou a schopnostmi p\u0159ekvap\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Oko nen\u00ed jenom oknem do du\u0161e. Zrak je pro \u010dlov\u011bka z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, orientaci v prostoru i komunikaci. Lidsk\u00e9 oko svou velikost\u00ed nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, sv\u00fdmi schopnostmi ale ano. Navzdory tomu, \u017ee nev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ani p\u016fl promile celkov\u00e9 hmotnosti pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, dok\u00e1\u017ee zam\u011bstnat a\u017e polovinu lidsk\u00e9ho mozku.<\/strong><br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nOko je mali\u010dk\u00fd org\u00e1n. Jeho pr\u016fm\u011br z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159es\u00e1hne 24 milimetr\u016f a v\u00e1ha 28 gram\u016f. P\u0159esto je jedn\u00edm z nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. \u201ePo mozku je lidsk\u00e9 oko v po\u0159ad\u00ed druh\u00fd nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed org\u00e1n. To mu umo\u017e\u0148uje zpracovat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zdroje uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed a\u017e 36 000 informac\u00ed za hodinu. M\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159es 80 procent informac\u00ed o sv\u011bt\u011b kolem n\u00e1s z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky zraku,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini.<\/p>\n<p>Zrakov\u00fd vjem se v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edmo v oku netvo\u0159\u00ed. Obraz toho, co vid\u00edme, vznik\u00e1 v mozku. \u201ePro oko je adekv\u00e1tn\u00edm podn\u011btem viditeln\u00e9 sv\u011btlo s vlnovou d\u00e9lkou 350\u2013780 nanometr\u016f, kter\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo\u010div\u00e9 bu\u0148ky o\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edtnice. V s\u00edtnici se sv\u011bteln\u00e9 impulzy p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na elektrick\u00e9, kter\u00e9 jsou vedeny zrakov\u00fdm nervem do mozku a d\u00e1le zrakovou dr\u00e1hou a\u017e do zrakov\u00e9ho centra v mozkov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e. Toto centrum se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vzadu v mozku v prav\u00e9m i lev\u00e9m t\u00fdln\u00edm laloku. D\u00edv\u00e1me se tedy o\u010dima, ale samotn\u00fd obraz vznik\u00e1 a\u017e v mozku,\u201c uvedl Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e velikost\u00ed neohrom\u00ed, svalstvo a v\u00fddr\u017e by oku mohl z\u00e1vid\u011bt kdejak\u00fd sportovec. Lidsk\u00e9 oko toti\u017e nikdy nesp\u00ed. \u201eV pom\u011bru k velikosti oka jsou o\u010dn\u00ed svaly a\u017e stokr\u00e1t siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je pot\u0159eba na pohyb tak mal\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem. Svaly jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za neust\u00e1l\u00e9 koordinovan\u00e9 pohyby ob\u011bma o\u010dima. Dokonce ani ve sp\u00e1nku o\u010dn\u00ed svaly nep\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed pracovat. O\u010di se pohybuj\u00ed pod zav\u0159en\u00fdmi v\u00ed\u010dky a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch sp\u00e1nku intenz\u00edvn\u011b kmitaj\u00ed,\u201c popsal Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n<p>O\u010di v\u0161ak neslou\u017e\u00ed jen k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o tom, co je kolem n\u00e1s. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak\u00e9 s orientac\u00ed v prostoru. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk o\u010di dv\u011b, vn\u00edm\u00e1 sv\u011bt kolem sebe prostorov\u011b. Aby v\u0161ak prostorov\u00fd obraz vznikl, je t\u0159eba, aby ka\u017ed\u00e9 oko vid\u011blo p\u0159edm\u011bt z jin\u00e9ho \u00fahlu. V\u011bci p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 se proto \u010dlov\u011bku jev\u00ed, jako by byly v jedn\u00e9 rovin\u011b. \u201eLidsk\u00e9 o\u010di jsou od sebe vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 asi 6 centimetr\u016f. To \u010dlov\u011bku umo\u017e\u0148uje zachytit prostorov\u00fd obraz do vzd\u00e1lenosti n\u011bkolika metr\u016f. Pacienti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed jen jedno vid\u00edc\u00ed oko nebo druh\u00e9 oko slabozrak\u00e9, tedy nemohou vn\u00edmat sv\u011bt trojrozm\u011brn\u011b a ani nevid\u00ed trojrozm\u011brn\u00fd obraz p\u0159i 3D prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. Pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed 3D obrazu m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit i \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed nebo velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl v dioptri\u00edch,\u201c \u0159ekl Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n<p>I tak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd org\u00e1n jako oko v\u0161ak m\u00e1 svoji slabinu. Doslova slep\u00e9 m\u00edsto. S t\u00edmto nedostatkem mu ale hrav\u011b pom\u016f\u017ee lidsk\u00fd mozek. \u201eV m\u00edst\u011b vstupu zrakov\u00e9ho nervu do oka nem\u00e1 s\u00edtnice \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sv\u011btlo\u010div\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. T\u00edmto m\u00edstem tedy oko sv\u011btlo v\u016fbec nevn\u00edm\u00e1. Na prostorov\u00e9 map\u011b vid\u011bn\u00ed zvan\u00e9 perimetr se toto m\u00edsto naz\u00fdv\u00e1 slep\u00e1 skvrna. Nen\u00ed ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 praktick\u00e9, abychom p\u0159ed sebou cel\u00fd \u017eivot vid\u011bli dv\u011b skvrny bez obrazu, vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fdm okem. Mozek proto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 informace z druh\u00e9ho oka a pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v obrazu si s\u00e1m vypln\u00ed. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk tak o slep\u00e9 skvrn\u011b vlastn\u011b ani nev\u00ed,\u201c dodal Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini.<\/p>\n<p>Lenka Capandov\u00e1<br \/>\nTiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Oko nen\u00ed jenom oknem do du\u0161e. Zrak je pro \u010dlov\u011bka z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, orientaci v prostoru i komunikaci. Lidsk\u00e9 oko svou velikost\u00ed nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, sv\u00fdmi <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=28724\" title=\"Oko: Je nejmen\u0161\u00edm, a p\u0159esto jedn\u00edm z nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble. Silou a schopnostmi p\u0159ekvap\u00ed\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28724"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28724\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}