{"id":29265,"date":"2017-10-10T10:13:02","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T08:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29265"},"modified":"2017-10-10T10:13:02","modified_gmt":"2017-10-10T08:13:02","slug":"bbc-news-zbrzdit-starnuti-je-mozne-ale-prejeme-si-to-vubec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29265","title":{"rendered":"BBC News: Zbrzdit st\u00e1rnut\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 – ale p\u0159ejeme si to v\u016fbec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V 50. letech 19. stolet\u00ed m\u011bla polovina obyvatel Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159i narozen\u00ed \u0161anci do\u017e\u00edt se jen 40 let. Nyn\u00ed mohou Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee budou \u017e\u00edt nejm\u00e9n\u011b do 78 let. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum podr\u00e1\u017edil p\u0159edstavivost lid\u00ed sliby, \u017ee by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prodlou\u017eit lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce. Ale jak\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky by to m\u011blo pro spole\u010dnost?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak napsal zpravodajsk\u00fd server BBC News, filmy, jako je Logan\u016fv \u00fat\u011bk \u010di Soylent Green, l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed pochmurnou vizi p\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00e9 budoucnosti, kde byla p\u0159ijata drastick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na kontrolu p\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta a jeho omezen\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pot\u0159eba p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 kontroly populace nen\u00ed \u010distou fantazi\u00ed – a\u017e doned\u00e1vna prosazovala \u010c\u00edna politiku jednoho d\u00edt\u011bte, kterou zavedla v 70. letech, aby dostala pod kontrolu prudce stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det obyvatel.<\/p>\n

\u010clov\u011bk by si mohl myslet, \u017ee d\u00e9le \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnost povede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed populace, ale realita je dost odli\u0161n\u00e1. N\u00e1r\u016fst populace v\u00edc ovliv\u0148uje porodnost ne\u017e \u00famrtnost.<\/p>\n

„Z kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho hlediska pokles \u00famrtnosti vede k r\u016fstu populace,“ uvedla Jane Falkinghamov\u00e1, profesorka a \u0159editelka St\u0159ediska pro popula\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny Southamptonsk\u00e9 univerzity. „Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska je ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem plodnost, a ne \u00famrtnost.“<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 testy na my\u0161\u00edch zjistily, \u017ee diabetick\u00e9 my\u0161i dost\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9k metformin, kter\u00fd je na trhu od roku 1957, \u017eily d\u00e9le, ne\u017e nediabeti\u010dt\u00ed jedinci, kte\u0159\u00ed tento l\u00e9k nebrali. Tento v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010dil. \u017ee by metformin mohl chr\u00e1nit i proti samotn\u00e9mu st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, a ne jen proti cukrovce druh\u00e9ho typu.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em existuj\u00ed i potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed druhy farmaceutick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby, kter\u00e9 by mohly nejen chr\u00e1nit proti st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, ale nav\u00edc zvr\u00e1tit n\u00e1sledky samotn\u00e9ho st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 up\u00edrsk\u00e1 praktika, kdy sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed krevn\u00ed transfuze od mlad\u00fdch d\u00e1rc\u016f, m\u00e1 jist\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n

Tuto fascinaci potenci\u00e1ln\u011b o\u017eivovac\u00edch schopnost\u00ed krve jako prvn\u00ed zkoumal n\u011bmeck\u00fd doktor Andreas Libavius v roce 1615, kdy\u017e zva\u017eoval mo\u017enost napojen\u00ed \u017eil star\u0161\u00edho mu\u017ee na \u017e\u00edly mlad\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Libavius v\u011b\u0159il v \u00fasp\u011bch t\u00e9to metody. A v\u00fdsledky pokus\u016f z roku 2005 uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee tato my\u0161lenka m\u00e1 slibn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Star\u00e9 my\u0161i za\u010daly b\u00fdt s mlad\u0161\u00ed krv\u00ed zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zat\u00edmco mlad\u00e9 my\u0161i, kter\u00e9 dostaly krev star\u0161\u00edch, se c\u00edtily podstatn\u011b h\u016f\u0159. Ale nesm\u011bj\u00ed se p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet rizika spojen\u00e1 s krevn\u00edmi transfuzemi, jako jsou poran\u011bn\u00ed plic a infekce.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em vyv\u00edjej\u00ed se druhy l\u00e9\u010dby, kter\u00e9 nejsou tak kontroverzn\u00ed, a \u00fadajn\u011b se b\u011bhem laboratorn\u00edch test\u016f uk\u00e1zaly stejn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. My\u0161\u00edm byly odstran\u011bny senescentn\u00ed bu\u0148ky – tedy ty, kter\u00e9 u\u017e se nedok\u00e1\u017eou d\u011blit a tvo\u0159it bu\u0148ky nov\u00e9 – s pomoc\u00ed injekce l\u00e1tky nazvan\u00e9 Foxo4-DRI.<\/p>\n

Tato l\u00e1tka v z\u00e1sad\u011b naru\u0161uje p\u0159irozen\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd bu\u0148ce \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee se m\u00e1 p\u0159estat d\u011blit. Pokusn\u00fdm my\u0161\u00edm je nyn\u00ed 30 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 100 lidsk\u00fdch let. Z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed, co\u017e dokazuje, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 jen o do\u010dasn\u00fd efekt.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 budou n\u00e1sledky, pokud tyto techniky usp\u011bj\u00ed a poda\u0159\u00ed se radik\u00e1ln\u011b prodlou\u017eit \u017eivot? Jedn\u00edm z mo\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f je, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e9le p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed k negativn\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm p\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00ed, je\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm pal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Existuje tak\u00e9 etick\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Pokud nebude l\u00e9\u010dba zpomaluj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1rnut\u00ed dostupn\u00e1 pro v\u0161echny, hroz\u00ed vznik spole\u010dnosti rozd\u011bln\u00e9 na dv\u011b vrstvy – na ty, co si ji budou moci dovolit, a na ty, co nikoli. U\u017e nyn\u00ed \u017eijeme v soci\u00e1ln\u011b nerovn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. D\u00edt\u011b narozen\u00e9 ve slumu v Nairobi m\u00e1 dost odli\u0161n\u00fd \u017eivot od d\u00edt\u011bte narozen\u00e9ho v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9m Kensingtonu.<\/p>\n

I v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by l\u00e9ky zpomaluj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1rnut\u00ed byly rozd\u011blov\u00e1ny rovnom\u011brn\u011b, st\u00e1lo by lidstvo p\u0159ed n\u00e1sledky neust\u00e1le st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed populace, jak\u00e9 nyn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad Japonsko.<\/p>\n

Mnoho star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s nemocemi, jako je rakovina, srde\u010dn\u00ed choroby, demence a dal\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu se tak nesoust\u0159e\u010fuje na to, abychom \u017eili d\u00e9le, ale abychom \u017eili zdrav\u011bji, a t\u00edm si sami prodlou\u017eili \u017eivot a odd\u00e1lili n\u00e1stup nemohoucnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V 50. letech 19. stolet\u00ed m\u011bla polovina obyvatel Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159i narozen\u00ed \u0161anci do\u017e\u00edt se jen 40 let. Nyn\u00ed mohou Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee budou \u017e\u00edt […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29265"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29265\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}