{"id":29332,"date":"2017-10-19T18:58:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-19T16:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29332"},"modified":"2017-10-19T18:58:00","modified_gmt":"2017-10-19T16:58:00","slug":"slepote-lze-zabranit-az-v-80-procentech-pripadu-prevenci-by-lide-podcenovat-nemeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29332","title":{"rendered":"Slepot\u011b lze zabr\u00e1nit a\u017e v 80 procentech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Prevenci by lid\u00e9 podce\u0148ovat nem\u011bli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace a\u017e 80 procent slep\u00fdch p\u0159i\u0161lo o zrak zbyte\u010dn\u011b. V\u011bd\u011bt, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pe\u010dovat o sv\u00e9 o\u010di, je z\u00e1klad. Pr\u00e1v\u011b neinformovanost a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 preventivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho oslepnut\u00ed. Pravideln\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 podcenit zejm\u00e9na u rizikov\u00fdch skupin, jako jsou p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed a \u0161koln\u00ed d\u011bti, star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 a v\u0161ichni, kte\u0159\u00ed se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed s cukrovkou. Velk\u00fd vliv na zdrav\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 genetika.<\/strong><br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n\u201ePacienti \u010dasto podce\u0148uj\u00ed prevenci a p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed ji\u017e s rozvinut\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem nebo onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, jeho\u017e l\u00e9\u010dba je pak zbyte\u010dn\u011b zdlouhav\u00e1, n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a rizikov\u00e1. Proto je v\u017edy lep\u0161\u00ed podchytit a \u0159e\u0161it onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u010das,\u201c uvedl Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini. Krom\u011b pravideln\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch prohl\u00eddek je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 o sv\u016fj zrak pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b pe\u010dovat.<\/p>\n<p>Nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zrak oslabuj\u00ed, je hned n\u011bkolik. K nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm pat\u0159\u00ed \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal. \u201eToto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed by lid\u00e9 rozhodn\u011b nem\u011bli podce\u0148ovat. Ro\u010dn\u011b kv\u016fli \u0161ed\u00e9mu z\u00e1kalu oslepne 37 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina v rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch. \u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal postihuje nej\u010dast\u011bji pacienty kolem 60. roku v\u011bku a star\u0161\u00ed, ale objevuje se i v mlad\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i vrozen\u00fd nebo se objevit po \u00farazu oka. Projevuje se zhor\u0161en\u00edm vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky i p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed a zm\u011bnou dioptri\u00ed. L\u00e9\u010dit se d\u00e1 jen operativn\u011b, tedy vyjmut\u00edm zakalen\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky ven z oka a nahrazen\u00edm um\u011blou nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkou,\u201c popsal Pavel Stod\u016flka. Operace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed operac\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi chirurgick\u00fdmi obory. V \u010cesku operace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu pat\u0159\u00ed k b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm ambulantn\u00edm z\u00e1krok\u016fm a hrad\u00ed ji poji\u0161\u0165ovna.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eO\u010dn\u00ed chirurgie je velmi dynamicky se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed obor a v posledn\u00edch letech se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila. Velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem p\u0159i operaci \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu bylo vyvinut\u00ed nov\u00e9 trifok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010do\u010dky, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby lid\u00e9 vid\u011bli na v\u0161echny vzd\u00e1lenosti i bez br\u00fdl\u00ed. Operace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu se u\u017e na rozd\u00edl od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ultrazvukov\u00e9ho postupu prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed i laserem. Modern\u00ed lasery tuto operaci \u010din\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a precizn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u201c up\u0159esnil Pavel Stod\u016flka, kter\u00fd se na v\u00fdvoji jednoho z laser\u016f pro operaci \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu pod\u00edlel.<\/p>\n<p>Naopak zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal, co\u017e je vlastn\u011b vysok\u00fd nitroo\u010dn\u00ed tlak, se operuje jen tehdy, pokud na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tlaku nesta\u010d\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed kapky. \u201ePo\u010det ambulantn\u011b l\u00e9\u010den\u00fdch pacient\u016f se zelen\u00fdm z\u00e1kalem v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice rok od roku stoup\u00e1. V \u010cesku by zelen\u00fdm z\u00e1kalem mohlo trp\u011bt a\u017e 400 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, p\u0159itom polovina z nich nemus\u00ed o nemoci v\u016fbec v\u011bd\u011bt. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal na sob\u011b toti\u017e s\u00e1m pacient nem\u00e1 \u0161anci rozpoznat. Na preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky k o\u010dn\u00edmu l\u00e9ka\u0159i by m\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk star\u0161\u00ed 40 let chodit jednou za rok a\u017e za dva. Na prohl\u00eddku je mo\u017en\u00e9 dorazit i bez doporu\u010den\u00ed praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Pavel Stod\u016flka. Celosv\u011btov\u011b je zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal druhou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou slepoty a v\u016fbec nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nevratn\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku, kter\u00e9 vede pr\u00e1v\u011b k slepot\u011b. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b dosahuje celosv\u011btov\u011b po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed oslepli kv\u016fli tomuto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, osmi a p\u016fl milionu. Odborn\u00edci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee toto \u010d\u00edslo do roku 2020 stoupne na 11 milion\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9my se zrakem s sebou nese i cukrovka. Na sv\u011bt\u011b nyn\u00ed \u017eije t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 400 milion\u016f diabetik\u016f. Posti\u017een\u00ed oka p\u0159itom pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chronick\u00e9 komplikace diabetu. \u201eDiabetick\u00e1 retinopatie neboli zm\u011bny na s\u00edtnici zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 cukrovkou v\u00fdrazn\u011b zhor\u0161uje vid\u011bn\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b kompenzace diabetu a doba, po kterou pacient diabetem trp\u00ed. Kdy\u017e zm\u011bny na s\u00edtnici v\u00fdznamn\u011bji pokro\u010d\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edtnice nap\u0159\u00edklad laserem, eventu\u00e1ln\u011b injek\u010dn\u00ed aplikace l\u00e9k\u016f do oka \u010di operace s\u00edtnice. Pokud m\u00e1 pacient cukrovku, jsou pravideln\u00e9 kontroly nutnost\u00ed,\u201c upozornil Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n<p>I genetika m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na vznik o\u010dn\u00edch vad z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv. V rodin\u00e1ch, kde se ji\u017e vyskytuje n\u011bjak\u00e1 geneticky podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed vada, je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu o\u010dn\u00ed vady i u potomka. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bnovat zraku p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011bt\u00ed velkou pozornost. Na prvn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed prohl\u00eddku nen\u00ed nikdy p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy. \u201ePokud maj\u00ed rodi\u010de sebemen\u0161\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee reakce na zrakov\u00e9 podn\u011bty nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e1, m\u011bli by to neprodlen\u011b probrat s d\u011btsk\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvit specializovan\u00e9ho o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e,\u201c doporu\u010dil Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini.<\/p>\n<p>Lenka Capandov\u00e1<br \/>\nTiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace a\u017e 80 procent slep\u00fdch p\u0159i\u0161lo o zrak zbyte\u010dn\u011b. V\u011bd\u011bt, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pe\u010dovat o sv\u00e9 o\u010di, je z\u00e1klad. Pr\u00e1v\u011b neinformovanost a nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29332\" title=\"Slepot\u011b lze zabr\u00e1nit a\u017e v 80 procentech p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Prevenci by lid\u00e9 podce\u0148ovat nem\u011bli\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29332\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}