{"id":29615,"date":"2017-11-24T13:47:33","date_gmt":"2017-11-24T12:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29615"},"modified":"2017-11-24T13:53:28","modified_gmt":"2017-11-24T12:53:28","slug":"rtut-v-amalgamovych-plombach-je-skodliva-omezovani-prijde-jiz-v-pristim-roce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29615","title":{"rendered":"Rtu\u0165 v amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb\u00e1ch je \u0161kodliv\u00e1, omezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ijde ji\u017e v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Od poloviny roku 2018 m\u00e1 v \u010cR za\u010d\u00edt platit z\u00e1kaz zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb t\u011bhotn\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m a d\u011btem do 16 let. Stane se tak z d\u016fvodu na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise, kter\u00e1 tyto plomby ozna\u010dila za jedovat\u00e9. Na rozd\u00edl od sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situace budou t\u011bmto osob\u00e1m propl\u00e1cet poji\u0161\u0165ovny jin\u00e9 varianty plomb. Do budoucna se hovo\u0159\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zubn\u00edho amalg\u00e1mu u v\u0161ech. O co se vlastn\u011b jedn\u00e1 a pro\u010d jsou klasick\u00e9 a dlouhou dobu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 plomby \u0161kodliv\u00e9?<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Zubn\u00ed amalg\u00e1m je kombinace kov\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 50 % z toho je rtu\u0165 a zbytek dal\u0161\u00ed kovy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u0159\u00edbro, m\u011b\u010f nebo c\u00edn v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pom\u011brech. Sm\u011bs pak slou\u017e\u00ed jako v\u00fdpl\u0148 zubu po odstran\u011bn\u00ed zubn\u00edho kazu. Amalg\u00e1m byl poprv\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 lety. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0161lo pochopiteln\u011b o z\u00e1vratn\u00fd objev, kter\u00fd na dlouhou dobu ovlivnil zubn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tehdy samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nebyla medic\u00edna na takov\u00e9 \u00farovni, a tak zkr\u00e1tka nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zjistit, jak skute\u010dn\u011b amalg\u00e1m na lidsk\u00fd organismus p\u016fsob\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dva druhy amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb \u2013 d\u00f3zovan\u00e9 a kapslov\u00e9. V prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si zuba\u0159 p\u0159ipravuje plombu s\u00e1m v ordinaci, druh\u00e1 je ji\u017e p\u0159ipravena v kapsli. U obou je ale obsah rtuti v\u017edy minim\u00e1ln\u011b 50 %.<\/p>\n<p>Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) je p\u016fsoben\u00ed amalg\u00e1mu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed rtuti v n\u011bm obsa\u017een\u00e9, \u010dlov\u011bku \u0161kodliv\u00e9. Na lidsk\u00fd organismus p\u016fsob\u00ed toxicky, ovliv\u0148ovat m\u016f\u017ee zejm\u00e9na nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, tr\u00e1vic\u00ed a imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nebo pl\u00edce. U jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou na amalg\u00e1m citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, se m\u016f\u017ee projevit otrava \u0159adou symptom\u016f. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou bolesti hlavy, deprese, nervozita nebo \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Projevy jsou n\u00e1razov\u00e9 a v\u011bt\u0161inou chronick\u00e9. Bohu\u017eel se v\u0161ak v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b zji\u0161\u0165uje, pacient je chybn\u011b diagnostikov\u00e1n a je mu poskytnuta nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ohro\u017eeny jsou zejm\u00e9na d\u011bti, t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, nemocn\u00ed a person\u00e1l zubn\u00edch ordinac\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K podobn\u00fdm stanovisk\u016fm se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie or\u00e1ln\u00ed medic\u00edny a toxikologie (IAOMT), kter\u00e1 pravideln\u011b vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 materi\u00e1ly souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se \u0161kodlivost\u00ed amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pak zmi\u0148uje negativn\u00ed vliv rtuti zejm\u00e9na na plod, t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, \u017eeny v plodn\u00e9m v\u011bku, d\u011bti, pacienty se zdravotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my a tak\u00e9 person\u00e1l zubn\u00edch ordinac\u00ed, kter\u00fd s rtut\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed dennodenn\u011b do styku, v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e p\u0159i odvrt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch plomb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rtu\u0165 se uvol\u0148uje i p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch procesech, jako je \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pit\u00ed hork\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, amalg\u00e1m se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z poloviny z rtuti a zbytek je kombinace jin\u00fdch kov\u016f. I kdy\u017e se plomby zdaj\u00ed velmi tvrd\u00e9, mohou vylu\u010dovat nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdpary. Je to zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee chemick\u00e9 vazby mezi rtut\u00ed a jednotliv\u00fdmi kovy nejsou natolik siln\u00e9 a stabiln\u00ed. P\u0159i zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed se slab\u0161\u00ed vazby rozpojuj\u00ed a toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do t\u011bla. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tomu zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i konzumaci hork\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f. Podle informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zve\u0159ej\u0148uje \u010cesk\u00e1 stomatologick\u00e1 komora, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed expozici rtuti u jedinc\u016f s amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdmi v\u00fdpln\u011bmi b\u011bhem zhotoven\u00ed nebo odstran\u011bn\u00ed zubn\u00edch v\u00fdpln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159itom stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee informace o \u0161kodlivosti amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e1 novinka. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v roce 1991 u\u017e na tento probl\u00e9m Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace upozor\u0148ovala, \u017ee amalg\u00e1m p\u0159edstavuje potenci\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd zdroj expozice rtuti. Podle tehdej\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f byl pr\u00e1v\u011b amalg\u00e1m hlavn\u00ed cestou expozice nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 rtuti u cel\u00e9 populace.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak je to tedy v \u010cesku?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se dent\u00e1ln\u00ed amalg\u00e1m st\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee je odoln\u00fd, dlouho vydr\u017e\u00ed a pro zuba\u0159e je vcelku nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na v\u00fdrobu. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je v\u0161ak jeho cena. Jedn\u00e1 se toti\u017e o nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost, jak prostor po zubn\u00edm kazu vyplnit. Jako jedinou ji propl\u00e1cej\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny, tak\u017ee je amalg\u00e1m umis\u0165ov\u00e1n do \u00fast hlavn\u011b t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed si nemohou nebo necht\u011bj\u00ed za p\u00e9\u010di o zuby p\u0159iplatit. Od p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku se amalg\u00e1m p\u0159estane zav\u00e1d\u011bt t\u011bhotn\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m a d\u011btem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2026a jak ve sv\u011bt\u011b?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00e9 zem\u011b na z\u00e1kaz amalg\u00e1mu p\u0159istoupily d\u00e1vno. Amalg\u00e1mov\u00e9 plomby u\u017e od roku 2008 neaplikuj\u00ed zuba\u0159i v Norsku a od roku 2009 ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku. V\u00fdrazn\u011b jsou omezeny v D\u00e1nsku, Estonsku, Finsku a It\u00e1lii. Dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b pak p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat amalg\u00e1m u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een, d\u011bt\u00ed a lid\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>Alternativou ke klasick\u00fdm plomb\u00e1m jsou u n\u00e1s p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tzv. b\u00edl\u00e9 plomby. Jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale z d\u016fvodu jejich barvy tak\u00e9 esteti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed je \u0161etrn\u00e9 k zub\u016fm. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou ale je, \u017ee neobsahuj\u00ed \u0161kodlivou rtu\u0165. Na jejich v\u00fdrobu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tzv. kompozitn\u00ed prysky\u0159ice nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed cementy. V zahrani\u010d\u00ed je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed trend keramick\u00fdch v\u00fdpln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se o z\u00e1kazu amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb st\u00e1le v\u00edce diskutuje, v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce by k n\u011bmu m\u011blo doj\u00edt alespo\u0148 u n\u011bkter\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch skupin. I kdyby se v\u0161ak z\u00e1kaz za\u010dal v budoucnu t\u00fdkat v\u0161ech, st\u00e1le je zde spousta lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed amalg\u00e1mov\u00e9 plomby maj\u00ed. Pro ty existuje mo\u017enost je vym\u011bnit za esteti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativy u sv\u00fdch zuba\u0159\u016f, s ohledem na zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se koncentraci rtuti. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je v\u00fdm\u011bna plomb na pracovi\u0161t\u00edch, kter\u00e1 jsou \u010dleny Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie or\u00e1ln\u00ed medic\u00edny a toxikologie (IAOMT) a dok\u00e1\u017eou odstranit a vym\u011bnit amalg\u00e1mov\u00e9 plomby \u0161etrnou metodou a co nejv\u00edce zamezit v\u00fdpar\u016fm rtuti. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Od poloviny roku 2018 m\u00e1 v \u010cR za\u010d\u00edt platit z\u00e1kaz zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb t\u011bhotn\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m a d\u011btem do 16 let. Stane se tak z d\u016fvodu <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29615\" title=\"Rtu\u0165 v amalg\u00e1mov\u00fdch plomb\u00e1ch je \u0161kodliv\u00e1, omezov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ijde ji\u017e v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29615"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29615\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/29616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}