{"id":29809,"date":"2017-12-17T16:57:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-17T15:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29809"},"modified":"2017-12-17T16:57:33","modified_gmt":"2017-12-17T15:57:33","slug":"proc-postihuji-lidi-zimni-deprese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29809","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d postihuj\u00ed lidi zimn\u00ed deprese"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>U mnoha lid\u00ed se n\u00e1lada m\u011bn\u00ed podle ro\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed, u n\u011bkter\u00fdch jde ale o skute\u010dnou chorobu: o depresi. Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou je ta, kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1me zimn\u00ed depres\u00ed &#8211; za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na podzim a kon\u010d\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edchodem jara. Mezi hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky pat\u0159\u00ed nedostatek energie, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159eba sp\u00e1nku a men\u0161\u00ed zaujet\u00edm pro aktivity, kter\u00e9 jinak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed uspokojen\u00ed. N\u011bkdy je pro takto zasa\u017een\u00e9ho jedince dokonce t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 i pracovat, p\u00ed\u0161e italsk\u00fd den\u00edk La Repubblica.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Nejen p\u0159\u00edznaky spojen\u00e9 s depres\u00ed, ale i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 pot\u0159eba konzumovat sacharidy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hmotnosti, vedou k tomu, \u017ee je sezonn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed porucha (SAD) pova\u017eov\u00e1na za leh\u010d\u00ed formu deprese. Ve skute\u010dnosti jde ale o jinou verzi t\u00e9\u017ee choroby.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Osoby, kter\u00e9 trp\u00ed sezonn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed poruchou, jsou na tom stejn\u011b jako ti, kdo jsou zasa\u017eeni skute\u010dnou depres\u00ed,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Brenda McMahonov\u00e1 z Koda\u0148sk\u00e9 univerzity. Podle n\u00ed &#8222;mohou vykazovat depresivn\u00ed stavy i mimo kritick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, probl\u00e9my je ale nej\u010dast\u011bji postihuj\u00ed pouze v t\u00e9to dob\u011b; jsou mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed t\u00edm, co ozna\u010dujeme za subsyndrom&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Jde o deset a\u017e 15 procent obyvatel, kte\u0159\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 depresivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, i kdy\u017e u nich nen\u00ed porucha klinicky prok\u00e1z\u00e1na. Zimn\u00ed depres\u00ed trp\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017eeny v dosp\u011bl\u00e9m v\u011bku: jde o 80 procent z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu posti\u017een\u00fdch.<\/p>\n<p>Mezi neurotransmitery, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na zimn\u00ed depresi, pat\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b serotonin. Ten reguluje pocity \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a \u00fazkosti &#8211; a tedy i n\u00e1ladu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy proveden\u00e9 na zv\u00ed\u0159atech, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hlodavc\u00edch, uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v regulaci \u00farovn\u011b serotoninu hraje slune\u010dn\u00ed svit. V zimn\u011b, kdy je ho nedostatek, je tento regula\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00e9n\u011b aktivn\u00ed. To se projevuje zejm\u00e9na u citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jedinc\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee se u nich zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost zimn\u00ed deprese. Pokud jde o rozd\u00edly mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami v souvislosti se sezonn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed poruchou, v\u011bdci soud\u00ed, \u017ee zde je na vin\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b tento neurotransmiter.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Mezi estradiolem, tedy hlavn\u00edm \u017eensk\u00fdm pohlavn\u00edm hormonem, a p\u0159enosem serotoninu je \u00fazk\u00e1 souvislost. M\u00e1me za to, \u017ee m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se \u00farovn\u011b estradiolu v takov\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch, jako je puberta a obdob\u00ed po porodu, mohou ovliv\u0148ovat produkci serotoninu,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 McMahonov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Uveden\u00e1 porucha je z\u0159ejm\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na vzd\u00e1lenosti od rovn\u00edku, v\u00fdjimkou je v\u0161ak Island. &#8222;Islan\u010fan\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ed sezonn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed poruchou patrn\u011b geneticky chr\u00e1n\u011bni. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad s Kanadou, kde je tato porucha v\u00edce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena, je na Islandu po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f sezonn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed poruchy velmi omezen\u00fd,&#8220; poznamenal Robert Levitan z Torontsk\u00e9 univerzity. D\u016fvod? Znovu se zde hl\u00e1s\u00ed o slovo serotonin a variace genu, kter\u00fd kontroluje jeho p\u0159enos: lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou m\u00e9n\u011b ohro\u017eeni sezonn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed poruchou, maj\u00ed takovou variantu, kter\u00e1 vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tvorby serotoninu v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sezonn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed poruchu je mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00edrnit terapi\u00ed sv\u011btlem, kter\u00e9 stimuluje produkci neurotransmiter\u016f jako je pr\u00e1v\u011b serotonin. U t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed formou poruchy, ale tato terapie nesta\u010d\u00ed. Mus\u00ed se kombinovat s dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbou. Jako dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 terapie m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pod\u00e1v\u00e1n tryptofan, co\u017e je aminokyselina, kterou si lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed v serotonin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>U mnoha lid\u00ed se n\u00e1lada m\u011bn\u00ed podle ro\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed, u n\u011bkter\u00fdch jde ale o skute\u010dnou chorobu: o depresi. Nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou je ta, kterou naz\u00fdv\u00e1me zimn\u00ed <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29809\" title=\"Pro\u010d postihuj\u00ed lidi zimn\u00ed deprese\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}