{"id":29876,"date":"2017-12-28T18:29:24","date_gmt":"2017-12-28T17:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29876"},"modified":"2017-12-28T18:29:56","modified_gmt":"2017-12-28T17:29:56","slug":"pouhy-tik-nebo-jiz-nezdrave-nutkani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29876","title":{"rendered":"Pouh\u00fd tik, nebo ji\u017e nezdrav\u00e9 nutk\u00e1n\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Myt\u00ed rukou, \u00faklid dom\u00e1cnosti, kontrola zam\u010den\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed -p\u0159es dv\u011b procenta populace m\u00e1 tyto b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010dinnosti spjat\u00e9 s nutkav\u00fdmi my\u0161lenkami.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010dasopis Katka<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly a zvyky zn\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd. N\u011bkdo si p\u0159ed odchodem z bytu rad\u011bji dvakr\u00e1t po sob\u011b zkontroluje, zda je spor\u00e1k skute\u010dn\u011b vypnut\u00fd, jin\u00fd zase v\u011bnuje pon\u011bkud intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di rann\u00ed hygien\u011b. Takov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly pat\u0159\u00ed k \u017eivotu a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1m pocit jistoty.<\/p>\n

Intenzivn\u00ed nutk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e1 situace v\u0161ak nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud doty\u010dn\u00fd sv\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm trp\u00ed nebo jeho nutkav\u00e9 zvyky citeln\u011b naru\u0161uj\u00ed vztahy s ostatn\u00edmi – v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b toti\u017e jde o patologickou obsedantn\u011bkompulzivn\u00ed poruchu, k jej\u00edm\u017e typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed \u00fazkost, vnit\u0159n\u00ed neklid a psychick\u00e1 t\u00edse\u0148.
\nPodle statistik touto nemoc\u00ed trp\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b procenta populace, psychologov\u00e9 se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla mohou b\u00fdt mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed – \u0159ada lid\u00ed se toti\u017e st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b styd\u00ed vyhledat odbornou pomoc, a jejich obt\u00ed\u017ee tak z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v utajen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Poznejte probl\u00e9m<\/p>\n

K nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm symptom\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed nutkav\u00e1 kontrola dom\u00e1cnosti, p\u0159ehnan\u00fd \u00faklid i abnorm\u00e1ln\u011b d\u016fkladn\u00e1 osobn\u00ed hygiena. Posti\u017een\u00ed si nap\u0159\u00edklad neust\u00e1le dokola myj\u00ed ruce nebo bez p\u0159est\u00e1n\u00ed kontroluj\u00ed, zda skute\u010dn\u011b vypnuli dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de a zav\u0159eli v\u0161echna okna a dve\u0159e. T\u00edm v\u0161ak seznam symptom\u016f nekon\u010d\u00ed – n\u011bkter\u00e9 zvyky se to\u010d\u00ed tak\u00e9 kolem jasn\u011b stanoven\u00e9ho opakov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad: „Pokud si p\u011btkr\u00e1t po sob\u011b nevy\u010dist\u00edm zuby, u\u017e nikdy nebudu \u0161\u0165astn\u00e1“), po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed nebo hromad\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. V extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou takto posti\u017een\u00fdm osob\u00e1m nutkav\u00e9 \u00fakony zabrat n\u011bkolik hodin denn\u011b a zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee ji\u017e nezvl\u00e1daj\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Du\u0161evn\u00ed utrpen\u00ed<\/p>\n

Ve vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vyvol\u00e1no neurobiologickou poruchou funkce mozku \u010di genetickou predispozic\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161inou jsou v\u0161ak probl\u00e9my sp\u00ed\u0161e psychick\u00e9ho nebo emocion\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fvodu.
\nNemoc \u010dasto m\u00edv\u00e1 ko\u0159eny v d\u011btstv\u00ed. Mnoho posti\u017een\u00fdch se muselo v p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ran\u00e9m v\u011bku podrobovat p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm bez jak\u00e9koliv mo\u017enosti vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj hn\u011bv nebo p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. Za \u00fa\u010delem zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed strachu z odm\u00edtnut\u00ed si tito lid\u00e9 vyvinuli obrann\u00e9 mechanismy v podob\u011b nutkav\u00fdch zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haly l\u00e9pe zvl\u00e1dat konfliktn\u00ed situace.
\nNeust\u00e1le se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det nemocn\u00fdch m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee se na\u0161e \u017eivoty st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l komplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Pomoc\u00ed striktn\u011b dan\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f cht\u011bj\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed z\u00edskat kontrolu nad situacemi, kter\u00e9 se ve skute\u010dnosti jejich kontrole zcela vymykaj\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1 tak jak\u00fdsi „pseudo“ ochrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m, jen\u017e doty\u010dn\u00e9 domn\u011ble chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u017eivotn\u00edmi n\u00e1strahami. Tak\u00e9 za „magicky“ orientovan\u00fdm typem uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed („Kdy\u017e nech\u00e1m zav\u0159en\u00e9 o\u010di, nic se nestane.“) se ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed kontrolovat situace, na kter\u00e9 bohu\u017eel nem\u00e1me v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n

Cesta z krize<\/p>\n

Posti\u017een\u00e9 osoby musej\u00ed nejprve pochopit, co se ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 za jejich „tiky“, a uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee jejich prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vedou jak\u00fdsi „n\u00e1hradn\u00ed \u017eivot“, kter\u00fd je domn\u011ble chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed skute\u010dnou realitou. Jakmile si p\u0159iznaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 opravdov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a za\u010dnou je \u0159e\u0161it, p\u0159estanou ut\u00edkat do symbolick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta „nutkav\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f“, kter\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b pouze odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed jejich pozornost od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.
\nDikt\u00e1t nutkav\u00fdch zvyk\u016f je pot\u0159eba p\u0159etnout tak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi – a\u017e se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b objev\u00ed obsesivn\u00ed my\u0161lenka, m\u011bl by si doty\u010dn\u00fd zkusit \u0159\u00edct: „Sv\u011bt se nezbo\u0159\u00ed, pokud odejdu z domu, ani\u017e bych znovu zkontroloval spor\u00e1k.“ T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se postav\u00ed proti vnit\u0159n\u00ed tyranii a v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159etnout bludn\u00fd kruh obsesivn\u00edch \u00favah.
\nPokud v\u0161ak c\u00edt\u00edte, \u017ee jste na podobn\u00fd \u00fakol kr\u00e1tc\u00ed, p\u0159ekonejte stud a vyhledejte odbornou pomoc.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

V\u00edte, \u017ee…<\/p>\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed terapie<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 osvobozen\u00ed p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b obsesivn\u011b-kompulzivn\u00ed poruchy nab\u00edz\u00ed zejm\u00e9na kognitivn\u011b-behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed terapie, jej\u00ed\u017e hlavn\u00ed dom\u00e9nou je pr\u00e1ce s my\u0161len\u00edm a chov\u00e1n\u00edm. Poruchy chov\u00e1n\u00ed ch\u00e1pe p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako nau\u010den\u00e9 reakce a k postupn\u00e9mu p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obsedantn\u00edch my\u0161lenek a ritu\u00e1l\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 c\u00edlen\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed. Ne v\u017edy dojde k \u00fapln\u00e9mu vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, v pr\u016fb\u011bhu terapie se v\u0161ak posti\u017een\u00ed nau\u010d\u00ed l\u00e9pe zvl\u00e1dat p\u0159\u00edznaky nemoci. Mnoho pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbou pro\u0161li, uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jsou d\u00edky n\u00ed schopni sn\u00e1ze odol\u00e1vat nutk\u00e1n\u00edm nebo je alespo\u0148 l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u0161it. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Myt\u00ed rukou, \u00faklid dom\u00e1cnosti, kontrola zam\u010den\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed -p\u0159es dv\u011b procenta populace m\u00e1 tyto b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010dinnosti spjat\u00e9 s nutkav\u00fdmi my\u0161lenkami.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29876"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29876\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}