{"id":29878,"date":"2017-12-28T18:36:28","date_gmt":"2017-12-28T17:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29878"},"modified":"2017-12-28T18:36:28","modified_gmt":"2017-12-28T17:36:28","slug":"co-vsechno-muzete-mit-umele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=29878","title":{"rendered":"Co v\u0161echno m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt UM\u011aL\u00c9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dne\u0161n\u00ed medic\u00edna um\u00ed v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble nahradit a\u017e p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed. Napo\u010d\u00edtali jsme \u0161estn\u00e1ct implant\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eou slou\u017eit m\u00edsto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f nebo fyziologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\tBlesk Zdrav\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za ka\u017edou n\u00e1hradou v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble stoj\u00ed velk\u00fd t\u00fdm odborn\u00edk\u016f z oblast\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, elektroniky nebo kybernetiky. Snad i proto jsou pokroky v implantologii v\u00edc ne\u017e dramatick\u00e9.
\nSta\u010d\u00ed srovnat sluchadlo z dob nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edho Bed\u0159icha Smetany s nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi kochle\u00e1rn\u00edmi implant\u00e1ty. „M\u011b jako nefrologa, tedy l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ledvinami, asi nejv\u00edc fascinuje rozd\u00edl mezi Alwallovou um\u011blou ledvinou a nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi dialyza\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstroji,“ krout\u00ed hlavou l\u00e9ka\u0159 \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Breitschneider. Jen pro p\u0159edstavu: Alwallova um\u011bl\u00e1 ledvina byla vertik\u00e1ln\u011b postaven\u00fd buben, na kter\u00e9m byla navinut\u00e1 celof\u00e1nov\u00e1 trubice, a \u017eivoty zachra\u0148ovala je\u0161t\u011b v 50. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed dialyza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje jsou schopn\u00e9 i z\u010d\u00e1sti nahradit funkci ledvin a jater a maj\u00ed natolik pokro\u010dilou technologii, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eou napodobit o\u010di\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed funkci ledvin. A pak jsou i takov\u00e9 „v\u011bci\u010dky“, kter\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny nahrazuj\u00ed zcela a p\u0159\u00edmo v t\u011ble pacienta.<\/p>\n

1. KARDIOSTIMUL\u00c1TOR<\/p>\n

Jde o p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd neust\u00e1le sleduje \u010dinnost srdce a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby upravuje elektrick\u00fdmi impulzy srde\u010dn\u00ed rytmus. Implantace kardiostimul\u00e1toru trv\u00e1 asi hodinu, ale v\u00fdkon z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed pacient\u016fv \u017eivot k lep\u0161\u00edmu.<\/p>\n

2. KY\u010cELN\u00cd KLOUB<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou v\u00fdm\u011bny ky\u010deln\u00edho kloubu b\u00fdv\u00e1 artr\u00f3za. Je to velmi bolestiv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kloub\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed pacient\u016fv \u017eivot k hor\u0161\u00edmu a omezuje jeho pohyblivost. Operace dnes trv\u00e1 kolem dvou hodin.<\/p>\n

3. RAMENN\u00cd KLOUB<\/p>\n

N\u00e1hradn\u00ed klouby b\u00fdvaj\u00ed vyroben\u00e9 z kovu, um\u011bl\u00e9 hmoty nebo keramiky. Kloub ramene je nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble a m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah pohybu. P\u0159itom ho \u010dasto po\u0161kod\u00ed \u00faraz nebo artr\u00f3za, a proto se zcela nahrazuje kvalitn\u00edm implant\u00e1tem. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b jde o b\u011b\u017en\u00fd z\u00e1krok.<\/p>\n

4. ROURKY, NEBOLI STENTY, DO TEPEN<\/p>\n

Stenty jsou um\u011bl\u00e9 trubi\u010dky, kter\u00e9 se vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed do tepen, aby znemo\u017enily jejich zu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bji b\u00fdvaj\u00ed z kovu nebo plastu.<\/p>\n

5. KOLENN\u00cd KLOUB<\/p>\n

Chrupavky kolene se \u010dasto opot\u0159ebuj\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee souviset i se zran\u011bn\u00edm, poruchou l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bny i r\u016fzn\u00fdmi deformitami. \u010cast\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 kloubn\u00ed n\u00e1hrady \u2013 tot\u00e1ln\u00ed endoprot\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n

6. D\u00ddCHAC\u00cd TRUBICE<\/p>\n

D\u00fdchac\u00ed trubice se m\u016f\u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech (nap\u0159\u00edklad vlivem n\u00e1doru) z\u00fa\u017eit. L\u00e9ka\u0159i do t\u011bchto m\u00edst implantuj\u00ed dutou trubi\u010dku, tzv. stent (podobn\u011b jako v kardiologii), kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 udr\u017eovat trubici otev\u0159enou.<\/p>\n

7. UM\u011aL\u00c1 PRSA<\/p>\n

Prsn\u00ed implant\u00e1ty se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kv\u016fli zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed prs\u016f nebo po jejich amputaci, takzvan\u00e9 ablaci prsu. Pro tu se l\u00e9ka\u0159i rozhoduj\u00ed tehdy, onemocn\u00ed-li \u017eena rakovinou. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00e9 silikonov\u00fdm gelem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u016fznou tvarovatelnost a p\u0159irozen\u00fd vzhled poprs\u00ed.<\/p>\n

8. SV\u011aRA\u010c MO\u010cOV\u00c9HO M\u011aCH\u00dd\u0158E<\/p>\n

Je ze silikonu a slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu, aby \u010dlov\u011bk mohl kontrolovat \u00fanik mo\u010di. Je prakticky nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch stav\u016f inkontinence. 9. SRDE\u010cN\u00cd CHLOPE\u0147<\/p>\n

Implant\u00e1ty (prot\u00e9zy) jsou vhodn\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vrozen\u00fdch srde\u010dn\u00edch vad nebo jin\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed chlopn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

10. ZUBN\u00cd IMPLANT\u00c1TY<\/p>\n

Jsou mezi laiky asi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (krom\u011b prsn\u00edch). Tyto um\u011bl\u00e9 n\u00e1hrady chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch zub\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z titanu se zavrt\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do \u010delisti. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tak\u00e9 nahradit sn\u00edmatelnou prot\u00e9zu pevn\u00fdm zubn\u00edm m\u016fstkem (ten m\u016f\u017ee dr\u017eet pr\u00e1v\u011b na implantovan\u00fdch zubech). Pot\u00ed\u017e je v tom, \u017ee na zubn\u00ed implant\u00e1ty nep\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny a n\u00e1klady na jejich po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou skute\u010dn\u011b velmi vysok\u00e9. Jeden stoj\u00ed od 20 tis\u00edc korun v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n

11. IMPLANT\u00c1TY PO \u00daRAZECH<\/p>\n

Traumatologov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro pacienty nap\u0159\u00edklad po \u00farazech desti\u010dky, \u0161rouby a kl\u00edny, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed hojen\u00ed zlomenin.<\/p>\n

12. HLASOV\u00c1 PROT\u00c9ZA<\/p>\n

Ta pom\u016f\u017ee op\u011bt mluvit pacient\u016fm, kter\u00fdm byl z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu odstran\u011bn hrtan. B\u00fdv\u00e1 vyrobena z m\u011bkk\u00e9ho silikonu, a d\u00e1 se dokonce \u010distit, ani\u017e by se musela vyjmout.<\/p>\n

13. PRSTY<\/p>\n

Ortopedi dok\u00e1\u017eou dnes z\u00e1zraky a mimo jin\u00e9 i nahradit drobou\u010dk\u00e9 klouby prst\u016f, aby d\u00edky nim zachovali \u00fachopnou schopnost poran\u011bn\u00e9 ruky.<\/p>\n

14. Z\u00c1P\u011aSTN\u00cd KLOUB<\/p>\n

Po\u00farazov\u00e9 a degenerativn\u00ed zm\u011bny v z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed m\u016f\u017eou v\u00fdznamn\u011b zhor\u0161it funkci cel\u00e9 ruky. Implant\u00e1t je p\u0159esn\u011b tvarovateln\u00fd a schopn\u00fd vr\u00e1tit pacienta zp\u00e1tky do aktivn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

15. NITROO\u010cN\u00cd KONTAKTN\u00cd \u010cO\u010cKY<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se \u010do\u010dky nahrazuj\u00ed um\u011bl\u00fdm nitroo\u010dn\u00edm implant\u00e1tem, je \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal. Umis\u0165uj\u00ed se mezi rohovku a duhovku do p\u0159edn\u00ed komory oka. Podle druhu a rozsahu o\u010dn\u00ed vady se vol\u00ed ty spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. M\u016f\u017eou vy\u0159e\u0161it kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost, \u0161patn\u00e9 zak\u0159iven\u00ed rohovky nebo vetchozrakost, tedy zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zraku zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem.<\/p>\n

16. SLUCHOV\u00dd KOCHLE\u00c1RN\u00cd IMPLANT\u00c1T<\/p>\n

Kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implant\u00e1ty jsou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159i operaci do ucha, a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed tak napravovat i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty sluchu. Vysokointenzivn\u00ed mikroelektronick\u00e9 neuroprot\u00e9zy p\u0159emos\u0165uj\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00e1 nervov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ucha a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 impulzy p\u0159\u00edmo do mozku. U hluch\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed se z\u00e1krok doporu\u010duje maxim\u00e1ln\u011b do t\u0159\u00ed let v\u011bku.<\/p>\n

CELEBRITY S IMPLANT\u00c1TY<\/p>\n

– Sisa Sklovsk\u00e1 (51), slovensk\u00e1 here\u010dka a zp\u011bva\u010dka, m\u00e1 vym\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 oba ky\u010deln\u00ed klouby. Trp\u00ed toti\u017e v\u00e1\u017enou nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 po\u0161kozuje tak\u00e9 kosti.
\n– Pamela Anderson (50) m\u00e1 implant\u00e1ty zlep\u0161en\u00e9 poprs\u00ed a pat\u0159\u00ed i d\u00edky tomu mezi nej\u017ehav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pades\u00e1tnice na sv\u011bt\u011b.
\n– Tom Cruise (55) je jednou z mnoha celebrit, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly tak o\u0161kliv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zuby, \u017ee si je musely nechat vym\u011bnit za um\u011bl\u00fd chrup. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dne\u0161n\u00ed medic\u00edna um\u00ed v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble nahradit a\u017e p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed. Napo\u010d\u00edtali jsme \u0161estn\u00e1ct implant\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eou slou\u017eit m\u00edsto p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch lidsk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f nebo fyziologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=29878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29878\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=29878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=29878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=29878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}