{"id":30271,"date":"2018-03-15T10:50:23","date_gmt":"2018-03-15T09:50:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30271"},"modified":"2018-03-15T10:50:23","modified_gmt":"2018-03-15T09:50:23","slug":"zemrel-stephen-hawking-znalec-hlubin-vesmiru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30271","title":{"rendered":"Zem\u0159el Stephen Hawking. Znalec hlubin vesm\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nem\u011bl se do\u017e\u00edt Kristov\u00fdch let. Nakonec ale mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd fyzik a populariz\u00e1tor v\u011bdy Stephen Hawking pl\u00e1ny Boha i vesm\u00edru p\u0159ekonal. \u010clov\u011bk s nezam\u011bnitelnou viz\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zem\u0159el v\u010dera ve v\u011bku 76 let. <\/strong>
\n
\nA\u010dkoli je jeho v\u011bdeck\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd, Stephen Hawking byl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen badatel. Jeho v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed osud z n\u011bj spolu s jeho povahou ud\u011blal tak\u00e9 skv\u011bl\u00e9ho „velvyslance v\u011bdy“ pro \u0161irokou populaci.
\nP\u0159es v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed um\u011bl vystupovat s humorem a v\u017edycky dbal na to, aby k jeho pr\u00e1ci m\u011bla p\u0159\u00edstup \u0161irok\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost. Jeho knihy Stru\u010dn\u00e1 historie \u010dasu, v n\u00ed\u017e se pokou\u0161el nal\u00e9zt odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky, jak\u00e1 je povaha prostoru a \u010dasu nebo kde se vzal vesm\u00edr a kam sm\u011b\u0159uje a zda jeho vznik mohl ovlivnit B\u016fh, se prodalo p\u0159es 10 milion\u016f kopi\u00ed a byla p\u0159elo\u017eena do v\u00edc ne\u017e 40 jazyk\u016f. <\/p>\n

HV\u011aZDA TELEVIZE <\/p>\n

Origin\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u011bdce s mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem nemohl opominout ani showbyznys. Objevil se nap\u0159\u00edklad v kreslen\u00e9m seri\u00e1lu Simpsonovi, kde zapa\u0159il na baru s Homerem. Nechyb\u011bl ani v dal\u0161\u00edch popul\u00e1rn\u00edch seri\u00e1lech sv\u00e9 doby, zejm\u00e9na s t\u00e9matem sci-fi.
\nMihl se v Teorii velk\u00e9ho t\u0159esku, ve Star Treku se objevil jeho hologramov\u00fd otisk a vystoupil tak\u00e9 v dokumentu BBC o seri\u00e1lu \u010cerven\u00fd trpasl\u00edk, kde mluvil o tom, pro\u010d m\u00e1 tenhle seri\u00e1l r\u00e1d. Hudebn\u00ed skupina Pink Floyd pou\u017eila jeho v\u00fdrazn\u00fd syntetizovan\u00fd hlas na \u00favod sv\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b Keep Talking, kter\u00e1 se objevila na jej\u00edm albu The Division Bell vydan\u00e9m v roce 1994. P\u00edse\u0148 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eitost\u00ed udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dialogu a nebezpe\u010d\u00edm izolov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivce. <\/p>\n

R\u00c1NA P\u0158ED SVATBOU <\/p>\n

Stephen William Hawking se narodil 8. ledna 1942 v Oxfordu. Jeho otec, kter\u00fd p\u016fsobil jako v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd biolog, sem p\u0159est\u011bhoval svou rodinu z Lond\u00fdna kv\u016fli n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed. Po v\u00e1lce se ale do britsk\u00e9 metropole vr\u00e1til a mlad\u00fd Steve pak vyr\u016fstal v Highate, kde za\u010dal chodit do \u0161koly.
\nB\u011bhem dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Hawking r\u00e1d sportoval, obl\u00edbil si j\u00edzdu na koni a vesla\u0159stv\u00ed, ale u\u017e p\u0159i studi\u00edch fyziky v Cambridge se objevily probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 mu jakoukoli mo\u017enou sportovn\u00ed kari\u00e9ru hned v z\u00e1rodku p\u0159ekazily.
\nKe zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9 choroby motorick\u00fdch nerv\u016f ovl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch pohyb i mimiku vedl p\u00e1d ze schod\u016f, jen\u017e se mlad\u00e9mu studentovi p\u0159ihodil kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed promoc\u00ed a po n\u011bm\u017e m\u011bl probl\u00e9my se znovu postavit. Nad\u011bjn\u00fd budouc\u00ed badatel tak musel vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kte\u0159\u00ed mu po dvout\u00fddenn\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed diagnostikovali amyotrofickou later\u00e1ln\u00ed skler\u00f3zu (ALS). Jde o chorobu napadaj\u00edc\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed postupn\u00e9 ochrnut\u00ed cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Psal se rok 1964.
\nByl to \u0161ok. Hawking se v tu dobu pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ipravoval na s\u0148atek se svou prvn\u00ed man\u017eelkou a studentskou l\u00e1skou Jane Wildeovou a otev\u00edrala se p\u0159ed n\u00edm i nad\u011bjn\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 budoucnost. A progn\u00f3za l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f zn\u011bla, \u017ee mu nezb\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e dva nebo t\u0159i roky \u017eivota. Hawking dokonce propadl kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b depresi a za\u010dal p\u00edt, jeho budouc\u00ed \u017eena se ale rozhodla, \u017ee to s n\u00edm nevzd\u00e1. <\/p>\n

Z\u016eSTAL G\u00c9NIEM <\/p>\n

U\u017e v roce 1965 prob\u011bhla svatba. Hawking nav\u00edc absolvoval testy Mensa, aby si ov\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee jeho intelektov\u00e9 schopnosti nebyly naru\u0161eny. A trochu p\u0159i n\u011bm p\u0159ece jen st\u00e1lo \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 i kdy\u017e se zhoubn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nezastavilo, postupovalo pomaleji, ne\u017e l\u00e9ka\u0159i p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali.
\nP\u00e1ru se nakonec narodily t\u0159i d\u011bti, a p\u0159esto\u017ee Hawking ztratil s postupuj\u00edc\u00ed nemoc\u00ed schopnost pohybu a mluvit mohl pouze s hlasov\u00fdm syntetiz\u00e1torem, poda\u0159ilo se mu v roce 1988 dokon\u010dit jeho u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u00edlo Stru\u010dn\u00e1 historie \u010dasu.
\n\u00dasp\u011bch mu tak\u00e9 p\u0159inesla jeho „teorie v\u0161eho“, nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee vesm\u00edr se vyv\u00edj\u00ed podle dob\u0159e definovan\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f. „Tato \u00fapln\u00e1 sada z\u00e1kon\u016f n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem za\u010dal vesm\u00edr, kde se to stalo, zda m\u00e1 vesm\u00edr sv\u016fj konec, a pokud ano, kde a jak skon\u010d\u00ed,“ tvrdil Hawking. „Pokud najdeme odpov\u011bdi na tyto ot\u00e1zky, pak opravdu pozn\u00e1me Bo\u017e\u00ed mysl.“
\nB\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry z\u00edskal za sv\u00e9 teorie vypa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br mnoh\u00e9 \u010destn\u00e9 tituly, medaile i ceny, v\u010detn\u011b ocen\u011bn\u00ed CBE z roku 1982. V 90. letech mu bylo \u00fadajn\u011b nab\u00eddnuto i pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed do ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9ho stavu, je\u017e ale odm\u00edtl na protest proti tomu, jak je vl\u00e1dou financov\u00e1na v\u011bda. V roce 2001 vy\u0161la Hawkingovi druh\u00e1 kniha Vesm\u00edr v kostce, op\u011bt velmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.
\nJeho \u017eivot se pak stal podkladem i pro dva \u017eivotopisn\u00e9 filmy. V roce 2004 vznikl hran\u00fd dokument BBC Hawking, v n\u011bm\u017e ho ztv\u00e1rnil Benedict Cumberbatch, o deset let pozd\u011bji pak p\u0159i\u0161el do kin celove\u010dern\u00ed sn\u00edmek Teorie v\u0161eho, kde jej hr\u00e1l Eddie Redmayne. <\/p>\n

— <\/p>\n

Vedle dal\u0161\u00edch popul\u00e1rn\u00edch seri\u00e1l\u016f se objevil v \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch Simpsonov\u00fdch, kde zapa\u0159il na baru s Homerem, co\u017e nazna\u010dovalo, \u017ee ukradl p\u016fvodn\u00ed Homerovu my\u0161lenku, podle n\u00ed\u017e je vesm\u00edr tvarov\u00e1n jako kobliha. <\/p>\n

„Pokud najdeme odpov\u011b\u010f, kdy a jak za\u010dal vesm\u00edr, pak opravdu pozn\u00e1me Bo\u017e\u00ed mysl.“ Stephen Hawking <\/p>\n

JAROSLAV KRUPKA
\nOlomouck\u00fd den\u00edk
\nhttp:\/\/www.olomoucky.denik.cz\/ <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nem\u011bl se do\u017e\u00edt Kristov\u00fdch let. Nakonec ale mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd fyzik a populariz\u00e1tor v\u011bdy Stephen Hawking pl\u00e1ny Boha i vesm\u00edru p\u0159ekonal. \u010clov\u011bk s nezam\u011bnitelnou viz\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zem\u0159el v\u010dera […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30271"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30271\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}