{"id":30483,"date":"2018-05-16T11:17:41","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30483"},"modified":"2018-05-16T11:17:41","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T09:17:41","slug":"proti-zakernemu-pneumokoku-se-lze-chranit-ockovanim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30483","title":{"rendered":"Proti z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9mu pneumokoku se lze chr\u00e1nit o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>T\u011b\u017ek\u00fd z\u00e1pal plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt mozkov\u00fdch blan, otrava krve, akutn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha, z\u00e1n\u011bty vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin. To jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na sv\u011bdom\u00ed bakterie Streptococcus pneumoniae neboli pneumokok. V roce 2017 bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno 444 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f invazivn\u00edho pneumokokov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (IPO), z toho 79 pacient\u016f infekci podlehlo. K nejv\u00edce ohro\u017een\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed d\u011bti pod 5 let v\u011bku, senio\u0159i nad 65 let a osoby s oslaben\u00fdm imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.<\/strong> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae neboli pneumokok je kulovit\u00e1 bakterie, kter\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b os\u00eddluje sliznici \u00fast, nosu a horn\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch. \u201ePneumokoky se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed vzdu\u0161nou cestou, tedy ka\u0161lem a k\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm, ale nakazit se lze i od nosi\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nemus\u00ed m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 projevy nemoci. T\u011bm nemus\u00ed p\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my, dokud ale nedojde k oslaben\u00ed obranyschopnosti organismu nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i vir\u00f3ze. Pak mohou proniknout do dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla a zp\u016fsobit z\u00e1va\u017enou infekci,\u201c p\u0159ibli\u017euje praktick\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka MUDr. Alena \u0160ebkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Podle \u00fadaj\u016f St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu (SZ\u00da) bylo v roce 2017 nahl\u00e1\u0161eno 444 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f invazivn\u00edho pneumokokov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e je o 121 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 2016. Nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinou byli pacienti 65 a v\u00edce let\u00ed, kter\u00fdch bylo celkem 238. Ve v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b 40-64 let bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno 150 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f IPO. Pneumokok se v minul\u00e9m roce nevyh\u00fdbal ani d\u011btem pod 5 let v\u011bku, u kter\u00fdch po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f invazivn\u00edho pneumokokov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed od roku 2016 stoupl, a to na 15 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Dle SZ\u00da v 79 p\u0159\u00edpadech skon\u010dila invazivn\u00ed pneumokokov\u00e1 infekce smrt\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji u seniorn\u00edch pacient\u016f. \u201ePo\u010det invazivn\u00edho pneumokokov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v roce 2017 v\u00fdznamn\u011b vzrostl, a to o v\u00edce jak 120 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed byl i po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed, nejv\u00edce op\u011bt ve v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b senior\u016f nad 65 let, kdy v roce 2017 invazivn\u00edmu pneumokokovi podlehlo 45 pacient\u016f,\u201c komentuje situaci MUDr. Jana Koz\u00e1kov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159e pro streptokokov\u00e9 n\u00e1kazy. \u201eV souvislosti se vzestupem po\u010dtu IPO v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce je nutn\u00e9 op\u011bt upozornit na to, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed pneumokokov\u00fdch n\u00e1kaz je o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, a to ve v\u0161ech v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Podle MUDr. \u0160ebkov\u00e9 je: \u201eO\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed efektivn\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd n\u00e1stroj prevence z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch infek\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Ro\u010dn\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice zabr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 000 onemocn\u011bn\u00edm a 500 \u00famrt\u00edm.\u201c O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti pneumokokovi se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi tzv. nepovinn\u00e1 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Spolu s povinn\u00fdmi je za\u0159azeno do o\u010dkovac\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00fd je sestaven na z\u00e1klad\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e1 jsou podep\u0159ena v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi d\u016fkazy. \u201eD\u011bti jsou od leto\u0161n\u00edho roku o\u010dkov\u00e1ny podle sch\u00e9matu 2+1, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee prvn\u00ed d\u00e1vka vakc\u00edny se aplikuje od 9.t\u00fddne v\u011bku d\u00edt\u011bte. Druh\u00e1 d\u00e1vka se aplikuje 2 m\u011bs\u00edce po 1.d\u00e1vce, t\u0159et\u00ed d\u00e1vka ve v\u011bku 11-15 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 MUDr. \u0160ebkov\u00e1 Dosp\u011bl\u00ed jsou o\u010dkov\u00e1ni jednou d\u00e1vkou konjugovan\u00e9 vakc\u00edny. Kojenc\u016fm a senior\u016fm nad 65 let je o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti pneumokokov\u00fdm infekc\u00edm hrazeno z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm podle platn\u00e9ho o\u010dkovac\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e lze p\u0159edej\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, komplikac\u00ed i \u00famrt\u00ed na infek\u010dn\u00ed nemoci. D\u00edky plo\u0161n\u00e9mu o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed se poda\u0159ilo vym\u00fdtit n\u011bkter\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (prav\u00e9 ne\u0161tovice celosv\u011btov\u011b, d\u011btsk\u00e1 obrna ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b sv\u011bta), u jin\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u011b omezit jejich v\u00fdskyt (zard\u011bnky, \u010dern\u00fd ka\u0161el). Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Francii, kde o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m nen\u00ed povinn\u00e9 a proo\u010dkovanost proti spalni\u010dk\u00e1m nedosahuje po\u017eadovan\u00fdch 95 % (doporu\u010den\u00ed WHO), do\u0161lo pom\u011brn\u011b ned\u00e1vno k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 epidemii spalni\u010dek mezi neo\u010dkovan\u00fdmi \u010di ne\u00fapln\u011b o\u010dkovan\u00fdmi d\u011btmi.<\/p>\n<p>O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed je op\u0159edeno mnoha m\u00fdty a nepravdiv\u00fdmi informace. Jeden z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f je, \u017ee je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou autismu u d\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e ale vyvr\u00e1tilo n\u011bkolik celosv\u011btov\u00fdch studi\u00ed. I p\u0159es skute\u010dnost, \u017ee o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt doprov\u00e1zeno nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad hore\u010dka, nebo bolestiv\u00fd otok v m\u00edst\u011b vpichu, rozhodnut\u00edm o neo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed vystavuj\u00ed rodi\u010de sv\u00e9 d\u011bti mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rizik\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>O vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm se pod\u011blila tane\u010dnice a maminka dvou d\u011bt\u00ed, Libu\u0161ka Rohl\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1: \u201eV o\u010dkovan\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00edm najit zlat\u00fd st\u0159ed. Neo\u010dkovat v\u016fbec mi v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b p\u0159ijde jako risk. Hodn\u011b d\u00e1m na n\u00e1zor pediatra. D\u011bti jsou o\u010dkov\u00e1ny povinn\u00fdmi vakc\u00ednami a po m\u00e9 vlastni zku\u0161enosti se z\u00e1n\u011btem mozkov\u00fdch blan jsou o\u010dkov\u00e1ny i proti pneumokok\u016fm\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>T\u011b\u017ek\u00fd z\u00e1pal plic, z\u00e1n\u011bt mozkov\u00fdch blan, otrava krve, akutn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha, z\u00e1n\u011bty vedlej\u0161\u00edch nosn\u00edch dutin. To jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, kter\u00e1 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30483\" title=\"Proti z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00e9mu pneumokoku se lze chr\u00e1nit o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30483"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30483\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}