{"id":30778,"date":"2018-08-14T15:03:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-14T13:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30778"},"modified":"2018-08-14T15:03:00","modified_gmt":"2018-08-14T13:03:00","slug":"detske-ocni-vady-vetsinou-se-projevi-az-s-nastupem-do-skoly-nektere-samy-zmizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30778","title":{"rendered":"D\u011btsk\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady: v\u011bt\u0161inou se projev\u00ed a\u017e s n\u00e1stupem do \u0161koly. N\u011bkter\u00e9 samy zmiz\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dalekozrakost, astigmatismus a tupozrakost \u2013 to jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady, kter\u00e9 tr\u00e1p\u00ed d\u011bti. Podle odhad\u016f trp\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vadou \u010dtvrtina \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f a deset procent p\u0159ed\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f. \u010c\u00edm je d\u00edt\u011b men\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je o\u010dn\u00ed vadu rozpoznat. U \u0159ady d\u011bt\u00ed proto diagnostika o\u010dn\u00ed vady prob\u011bhne a\u017e po n\u00e1stupu do \u0161koln\u00edch lavic.<\/strong>
\n
\nV\u00fdvoj lidsk\u00e9ho zraku trv\u00e1 roky, teprve v sedmi letech je na \u00farovni dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed. I proto se \u0159ada o\u010dn\u00edch vad projev\u00ed a\u017e s n\u00e1stupem do \u0161koly. \u201eZrakov\u00e9 funkce u novorozence nejsou vrozen\u00e9, ale teprve se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b se jednodu\u0161e mus\u00ed nau\u010dit d\u00edvat se. Kolem sedm\u00e9ho roku je v\u00fdvoj zrakov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed u konce a d\u00edt\u011b by m\u011blo vid\u011bt stejn\u011b kvalitn\u011b jako zdrav\u00fd dosp\u011bl\u00fd. U d\u011bt\u00ed se pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto v\u011bku mohou projevit r\u016fzn\u00e9 refrak\u010dn\u00ed vady, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost nebo astigmatismus. Drobn\u00e9 a nev\u00fdznamn\u00e9 vady jsou dokonce pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9, vyskytuj\u00ed se a\u017e u t\u0159etiny d\u011bt\u00ed do 15 let,\u201c uvedl Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini.<\/p>\n

Prevence proti vzniku o\u010dn\u00ed vady neexistuje, n\u011bkter\u00e9 ale samy zmiz\u00ed. \u201eSpolehliv\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak p\u0159edch\u00e1zet kr\u00e1tkozrakosti, dalekozrakosti nebo astigmatismu, bohu\u017eel neexistuje. Tyto dioptrick\u00e9 vady se ale v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota mohou m\u011bnit. P\u0159i narozen\u00ed je oko p\u0159irozen\u011b dalekozrak\u00e9 a r\u016fstem doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dioptri\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dalekozrac\u00ed pacienti mohou tedy br\u00fdle \u010dasem odlo\u017eit. Kr\u00e1tkozrakost se naopak typicky v pubert\u011b r\u016fstem oka zhor\u0161uje. O\u010dn\u00ed vada, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet lze, je tupozrakost. Jej\u00ed prevence spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u010dasn\u00e9 diagnostice, no\u0161en\u00ed br\u00fdl\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b okluzi – zalepov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho oka, ide\u00e1ln\u011b v p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku,\u201c doplnila Libu\u0161e K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1, prim\u00e1\u0159ka \u010deskobud\u011bjovick\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed kliniky Gemini.<\/p>\n

Nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed vada v prvn\u00edch letech \u017eivota m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k trval\u00e9mu a pozd\u011bji nel\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku. O\u010dn\u00ed vadu by m\u011bl diagnostikovat d\u011btsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159. \u201eU d\u011bt\u00ed je vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 ostrosti prov\u00e1d\u011bno v r\u00e1mci preventivn\u00edch kontrol u d\u011btsk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Pokud jsou v rodin\u011b rizikov\u00e9 faktory jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed, tupozrakost nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed br\u00fdlov\u00e1 vada rodi\u010d\u016f, je vhodn\u00e9 nechat d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku vy\u0161et\u0159it i u o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e,\u201c \u0159ekl Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

O\u010dn\u00ed vady prov\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159ada sign\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou rodi\u010de na zhor\u0161en\u00fd zrak d\u00edt\u011bte upozornit. D\u011bti v p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku si na \u0161patn\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed m\u00e1lokdy, o\u010dn\u00ed vada se projevuje nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dast\u00fdm mnut\u00edm o\u010d\u00ed, mrk\u00e1n\u00edm, bolest\u00ed hlavy, bolest\u00ed kolem o\u010d\u00ed, zakop\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm nebo vr\u00e1\u017een\u00edm do p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Na zaml\u017een\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed si st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e a\u017e \u0161koln\u00ed d\u011bti. U nich je sign\u00e1lem zhor\u0161en\u00e9ho zraku chozen\u00ed bl\u00edzko k televizi \u010di hor\u0161\u00ed prosp\u011bch ve \u0161kole, proto\u017ee nevid\u00ed dob\u0159e na tabuli,\u201c popsala Libu\u0161e K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

D\u011bt\u00ed s o\u010dn\u00ed vadou p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. Na operaci dioptrick\u00fdch vad si ale musej\u00ed po\u010dkat. \u201eCelosv\u011btov\u011b roste po\u010det d\u011btsk\u00fdch pacient\u016f s kr\u00e1tkozrakost\u00ed. Studie posledn\u00edch let spojuj\u00ed v\u00fdskyt kr\u00e1tkozrakosti s \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm se do bl\u00edzka nap\u0159\u00edklad na tablet nebo mobiln\u00ed telefon. Refrak\u010dn\u00ed vady \u2013 dalekozrakost, kr\u00e1tkozrakost a astigmatismus \u2013 se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpisem br\u00fdl\u00ed na celodenn\u00ed no\u0161en\u00ed. Tupozrakost a \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed okluz\u00ed a speci\u00e1ln\u00edm cvi\u010den\u00edm, \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed nav\u00edc i operac\u00ed. U d\u011bt\u00ed se operace dioptrick\u00fdch vad neprov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed. P\u0159edpokladem takov\u00fdch operac\u00ed je ukon\u010den\u00fd r\u016fst a stabiln\u00ed dioptrick\u00e1 vada,\u201c vysv\u011btlila Libu\u0161e K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

I s no\u0161en\u00edm kontaktn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek je dobr\u00e9 po\u010dkat. \u201eKontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky je mo\u017en\u00e9 nosit od zhruba 15. roku v\u011bku. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak je d\u00edt\u011b schopno se o kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky starat a nosit je. Pokud je d\u00edt\u011b \u0161ikovn\u00e9, nen\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou ani ob\u010dasn\u00e9 no\u0161en\u00ed kontaktn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. Je ale nutn\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee p\u0159i nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 manipulaci m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet k z\u00e1n\u011bt\u016fm oka, tvorb\u011b patologick\u00fdch c\u00e9v na oku a dal\u0161\u00edm komplikac\u00edm,\u201c upozornil Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dalekozrakost, astigmatismus a tupozrakost \u2013 to jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady, kter\u00e9 tr\u00e1p\u00ed d\u011bti. Podle odhad\u016f trp\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vadou \u010dtvrtina \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f a deset procent p\u0159ed\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f. \u010c\u00edm […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14281,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30778\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}