{"id":30861,"date":"2018-09-11T14:50:11","date_gmt":"2018-09-11T12:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30861"},"modified":"2018-09-11T14:50:11","modified_gmt":"2018-09-11T12:50:11","slug":"cechu-s-brylemi-pribyva-jak-vidi-svet-lide-s-ocni-vadou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=30861","title":{"rendered":"\u010cech\u016f s br\u00fdlemi p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. Jak vid\u00ed sv\u011bt lid\u00e9 s o\u010dn\u00ed vadou?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zrak se \u010cech\u016fm v posledn\u00edch letech st\u00e1le zhor\u0161uje. Br\u00fdle nebo kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky nos\u00ed zhruba ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd \u010cech. Frekventovan\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, o kter\u00e9m se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji mluv\u00ed, je syndrom such\u00e9ho oka. Ten v sou\u010dasnosti tr\u00e1p\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sedm\u00e9ho \u010cecha.<\/strong>
\n
\nMezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady pat\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost, vetchozrakost a astigmatismus. U mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed je nejv\u00edce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 kr\u00e1tkozrakost. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku – typicky nad 40 let – je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u v\u011bt\u0161iny populace rozvinuta vetchozrakost. St\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed tr\u00e1p\u00ed syndrom such\u00e9ho oka.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo\u010det lid\u00ed s dioptrickou o\u010dn\u00ed vadou ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem roste, nejv\u00edc p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 lid\u00ed s kr\u00e1tkozrakost\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 se velkou m\u00edrou pod\u00edl\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce do bl\u00edzka, nap\u0159\u00edklad na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di nebo mobiln\u00edm telefonu. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt takzvan\u00fd syndrom such\u00e9ho oka, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuje \u010dast\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem, tabletem nebo mobilem. P\u0159i t\u011bchto \u010dinnostech toti\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk intuitivn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b mrk\u00e1 a povrch oka rychle osych\u00e1. To zp\u016fsobuje p\u00e1len\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 klimatizovan\u00e9 prostory se sv\u00fdm such\u00fdm vzduchem p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k vysych\u00e1n\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 produkci slz. Ty je pot\u0159eba nahradit kapkami ve form\u011b um\u011bl\u00fdch slz. Tyto probl\u00e9my m\u00e1 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd sedm\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk. L\u00e9\u010dba syndromu such\u00e9ho oka je mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby \u2013 aplikac\u00ed um\u011bl\u00fdch slz nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem, kter\u00fd znovu aktivuje \u010dinnost slzn\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z. Pacient\u016fm s podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdma o\u010dima z d\u016fvodu nedostatku slz nebo jejich sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 kvality tak\u00e9 doporu\u010dujeme u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch dopl\u0148k\u016f stravy, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed i jako prevence,\u201c uvedl Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina zrakov\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se projevuje pozvolna. Pokud jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky odhaleny v\u010das, lze \u0159adu o\u010dn\u00edch vad vyl\u00e9\u010dit nebo jejich zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zpomalit. Zanedban\u00e1 dioptrick\u00e1 vada se ale m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt velmi rychle zhor\u0161ovat. Jak se nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady projevuj\u00ed?<\/p>\n

\u201eKr\u00e1tkozrakost zp\u016fsobuje zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky, na \u010dten\u00ed vid\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk dob\u0159e. Dalekozrac\u00ed lid\u00e9 vid\u00ed h\u016f\u0159 jak na d\u00e1lku, tak i na bl\u00edzko. Vetchozrakost ovliv\u0148uje vid\u011bn\u00ed do bl\u00edzka a lid\u00e9 si musej\u00ed br\u00e1t na \u010dten\u00ed br\u00fdle, do d\u00e1lky vid\u00ed dob\u0159e. Astigmatismus ovliv\u0148uje vid\u011bn\u00ed na bl\u00edzko i do d\u00e1lky, kvalita vid\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti vady. N\u00edzk\u00e1 hodnota neb\u00fdv\u00e1 patrn\u00e1, u vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch stup\u0148\u016f astigmatismu se objevuje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 ostrost vid\u011bn\u00ed, zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed detail\u016f a kontrast\u016f, pok\u0159iven\u00fd a deformovan\u00fd obraz, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st nap\u0159\u00edklad k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b p\u00edsmen v textu,\u201c popsal Karel Li\u0161ka, hlavn\u00ed optometrista o\u010dn\u00ed kliniky Gemini.<\/p>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edv br\u00fdle, potom operace. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 dioptrick\u00e1 vada lze \u0159e\u0161it br\u00fdlemi, co\u017e je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed forma korekce a mezi \u010cechy i nejvyhled\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Roste ale obliba laserov\u00fdch operac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dioptrickou vadu vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed jednou prov\u017edy.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u011bt\u0161ina na\u0161ich pacient\u016f m\u00e1 zku\u0161enosti s no\u0161en\u00edm dioptrick\u00fdch br\u00fdl\u00ed nebo kontaktn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek. Jen m\u00e1lo pacient\u016f se ihned po zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dioptrick\u00e9 vady rozhodne pro operaci. Lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se ale cht\u011bj\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady zbavit chirurgicky, ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. Br\u00fdle toti\u017e lidi \u010dasto obt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed b\u011bhem sportu, n\u011bkdy jich pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed i n\u011bkolik \u2013 na \u010dten\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 no\u0161en\u00ed, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed je a \u010dast\u00fdm d\u016fvodem je i estetika a pohodl\u00ed, ne ka\u017ed\u00e9mu jednodu\u0161e br\u00fdlov\u00e9 obruby, a\u0165 u\u017e jsou jak\u00e9koli, slu\u0161\u00ed a ne ka\u017ed\u00fd je na obli\u010deji snese. Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bkem pro laserovou korekci o\u010dn\u00ed vady je 18 a\u017e 40 let, kdy je o\u010dn\u00ed vada ust\u00e1lena. Br\u00fdl\u00ed se ale mohou zbavit i star\u0161\u00ed pacienti, u nich se zpravidla vol\u00ed jin\u00e1 metoda ne\u017e laserov\u00e1 korekce. Kup\u0159\u00edkladu v\u00fdm\u011bna nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky za multifok\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo implantace presbyopick\u00e9 fakick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

\u010cast\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm je i \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal. V \u010cesku j\u00edm trp\u00ed a\u017e p\u016fl milionu lid\u00ed. U pacient\u016f star\u0161\u00edch 60 let toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ohro\u017euje dokonce ka\u017ed\u00e9ho druh\u00e9ho. Ve v\u011bku 75 a\u017e 85 let m\u00e1 \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal 90 procent lid\u00ed. \u201e\u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal se projevuje zhor\u0161en\u00edm vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky i p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed, zm\u011bnou dioptri\u00ed. L\u00e9\u010dit se d\u00e1 jen operativn\u011b, tedy vyjmut\u00edm zakalen\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky ven z oka a nahrazen\u00edm um\u011blou nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkou. Operace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu pat\u0159\u00ed k b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm ambulantn\u00edm z\u00e1krok\u016fm a hrad\u00ed ji poji\u0161\u0165ovna. \u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal lid\u00e9 \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed za zelen\u00fd, ten m\u00e1 ale jin\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh a zcela vyl\u00e9\u010dit nelze. Zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal se projevuje zhor\u0161en\u00edm perifern\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e pacient nemus\u00ed ze za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u016fbec poznat, proto jsou tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 kontroly u o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. L\u00e9\u010d\u00ed se trvalou aplikac\u00ed kapek, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se d\u00e1 zv\u00e1\u017eit i operativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. Na rozd\u00edl od \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu, kter\u00fd se operac\u00ed odstran\u00ed cel\u00fd, se zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal operac\u00ed jen pozastavuje, nikdy se zcela nevyl\u00e9\u010d\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

PROJEVY NEJ\u010cAST\u011aJ\u0160\u00cdCH O\u010cN\u00cdCH VAD<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tkozrakost je o\u010dn\u00ed vada, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se paprsky sv\u011btla sb\u00edhaj\u00ed u\u017e p\u0159ed s\u00edtnic\u00ed, a na s\u00edtnici tak nevznik\u00e1 ostr\u00fd obraz. Projevuje se neostr\u00fdm vid\u011bn\u00edm do d\u00e1lky. Koriguje se br\u00fdlemi, kontaktn\u00edmi \u010do\u010dkami nebo operac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed bu\u010f laserem, nebo implantac\u00ed nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Dalekozrakost – p\u0159i t\u00e9to o\u010dn\u00ed vad\u011b se paprsky sv\u011btla usm\u011brn\u011bn\u00e9 \u010do\u010dkou sb\u00edhaj\u00ed a\u017e za s\u00edtnic\u00ed, a na s\u00edtnici tedy nevznik\u00e1 ostr\u00fd obraz. Projevuje se \u0161patnou viditelnost\u00ed na \u010dten\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako kr\u00e1tkozrakost se koriguje br\u00fdlemi, kontaktn\u00edmi \u010do\u010dkami nebo operac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed bu\u010f laserem, nebo implantac\u00ed nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Astigmatismus je o\u010dn\u00ed vada, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje \u010dasto spole\u010dn\u011b s kr\u00e1tkozrakost\u00ed nebo dalekozrakost\u00ed. Oko m\u00e1 rozd\u00edlnou lomivost v r\u016fzn\u00fdch sm\u011brech. Koriguje se cylindrick\u00fdm sklem v br\u00fdl\u00edch nebo laserovou operac\u00ed, jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b kontaktn\u00edmi \u010do\u010dkami.<\/p>\n

\u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal je zkalen\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky. Vyskytuje se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku, ale v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b i u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed nebo i d\u011bt\u00ed. Pacient h\u016f\u0159e vid\u00ed na d\u00e1lku i na bl\u00edzko, jako by se d\u00edval p\u0159es \u0161pinav\u00e9 sklo. Jedinou mo\u017enou l\u00e9\u010dbou je operace, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e je zakalen\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka nahrazena um\u011blou nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkou. V rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00edch je jednou z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din slepoty.<\/p>\n

Zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal na rozd\u00edl od \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu neznamen\u00e1 zkalen\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edch struktur, ale po\u0161kozen\u00ed zrakov\u00e9ho nervu vysok\u00fdm nitroo\u010dn\u00edm tlakem. Je zr\u00e1dn\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee se nemoc z po\u010d\u00e1tku nemus\u00ed nijak projevit. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd nitroo\u010dn\u00ed tlak m\u016f\u017ee odhalit pouze l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Pokro\u010dil\u00fd glaukom zp\u016fsobuje v\u00fdpadky zorn\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zrak se \u010cech\u016fm v posledn\u00edch letech st\u00e1le zhor\u0161uje. Br\u00fdle nebo kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky nos\u00ed zhruba ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd \u010cech. Frekventovan\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, o kter\u00e9m se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji mluv\u00ed, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27519,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=30861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30861\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=30861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=30861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=30861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}