{"id":31024,"date":"2018-10-31T14:37:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-31T13:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=31024"},"modified":"2018-10-31T14:37:00","modified_gmt":"2018-10-31T13:37:00","slug":"kardiovaskularni-nadorova-a-infekcni-onemocneni-jsou-nejcastejsimi-pricinami-umrti-diabetiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=31024","title":{"rendered":"Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed, n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 a infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami \u00famrt\u00ed diabetik\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

S n\u011bkterou z forem cukrovky (diabetes mellitus) se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 na osm procent obyvatel \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Po\u010det nemocn\u00fdch st\u00e1le stoup\u00e1 bez ohledu na v\u011bk \u010di pohlav\u00ed. Meziro\u010dn\u011b se po\u010det nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f navy\u0161uje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 3 000 pacient\u016f. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu diabetik\u016f je mezi 60. a 75. rokem, kdy se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdvojn\u00e1sobuje z 18 000 na 35 000 diabetik\u016f na 100 000 obyvatel \u010cR. Krom\u011b vlastn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed stav pacient\u016f komplikuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 nemoci. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed diabetik\u016f jsou v sou\u010dasnosti kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed, n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 a infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Osud pacient\u016f s diabetem v\u0161ak lze zlep\u0161it d\u016fslednou prevenc\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolenou l\u00e9\u010dbou.<\/strong>
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\nKardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jednu z hlavn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din \u00famrt\u00ed diabetik\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pacienti s cukrovkou maj\u00ed t\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko infarktu myokardu a \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko mrtvice. V\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edhod v\u0161ak lze p\u0159edch\u00e1zet. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je \u017eivotospr\u00e1va \u2013 pozitivn\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed klasick\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f jako je kou\u0159en\u00ed, obezita, vysok\u00fd cholesterol a vysok\u00fd tlak \u2013 ale tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00e1 antidiabetick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba. Z\u00e1kladem l\u00e9\u010dby nemocn\u00e9ho s nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem diabetu, kter\u00fd je spojen s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rizikem kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch chorob, tj. s diabetem 2. typu, je \u010dasn\u00e1 komplexn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba diabetu i p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f. L\u00e9ka\u0159i dnes maj\u00ed k dispozici modern\u00ed l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 um\u00ed kontrolovat jak vysok\u00fd tlak, tak poruchy metabolismu tuk\u016f a cukr\u016f. Nezbytn\u00e1 je v\u0161ak pacientova motivace ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f a jejich dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eVelk\u00fdm pokrokem v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b diabetu 2. typu jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky ze skupiny GLP-1 antagonist\u016f, kter\u00e9 krom\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby diabetu dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit i riziko \u00famrtnosti na kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. To je n\u011bco, co se pro diabetologa t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rovn\u00e1 z\u00e1zraku. Podm\u00ednkou ov\u0161em je, aby byl pacient dob\u0159e edukovan\u00fd a spolupracoval,\u201c komentuje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010den\u00e9 mo\u017enosti diabetik\u016f prof. MUDr. Milan Kvapil, CSc., MBA, prezident Diabetick\u00e9 asociace \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, p\u0159ednosta Intern\u00ed kliniky 2. LF UK a FN Motol.<\/p>\n

Diabetici jsou infekcemi ohro\u017een\u00ed v\u00edce, ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 populace<\/p>\n

Diabetes mellitus p\u0159edstavuje nejen \u010dast\u00fd, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i v\u00fdznamn\u00fd rizikov\u00fd faktor pro rozvoj infekc\u00ed \u010di pro jejich komplikovan\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh. V cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b studi\u00ed bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee pacienti s diabetem jsou v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017enou populac\u00ed v\u00edce ohro\u017eeni infekcemi k\u016f\u017ee a m\u011bkk\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, kost\u00ed a kloub\u016f, mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest, respira\u010dn\u00edho traktu \u010di dokonce tzv. seps\u00ed (laicky ozna\u010dovanou za otravu krve). Mezi specifick\u00e9 infek\u010dn\u00ed komplikace, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b \u010dast\u011bji postihuj\u00ed diabetiky, pat\u0159\u00ed tzv. syndrom diabetick\u00e9 nohy, malign\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ucha, pl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 \u010di kvasinkov\u00e9 infekce k\u016f\u017ee a sliznic, komplikovan\u00e9 mo\u010dov\u00e9 \u010di nitrob\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed infekce, nebo mukormyk\u00f3za \u010di tuberkul\u00f3za. D\u016fvodem \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdskytu infekc\u00ed \u010di jejich z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fb\u011bhu je zhor\u0161en\u00e1 funkce imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159i dlouhodob\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladin\u011b glyk\u00e9mie, ale i \u010dasto p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 intern\u00ed komorbidity \u010di os\u00eddlen\u00ed rizikov\u00fdmi \u010di multirezistentn\u00edmi bakteriemi.<\/p>\n

\u201eMezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro rozvoj infekc\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed dobr\u00e1 kompenzace samotn\u00e9ho diabetu, v\u010dasn\u00e1 diagnostika a l\u00e9\u010dba p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch intern\u00edch komorbidit. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak lze dopad infek\u010dn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit, p\u0159edstavuje o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e u pacient\u016f s diabetem je jednozna\u010dn\u011b doporu\u010deno pravideln\u00e9 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti sez\u00f3nn\u00ed ch\u0159ipce, d\u00e1le proti pneumokokov\u00fdm infekc\u00edm, p\u00e1sov\u00e9mu oparu (osoby nad 50 let) a proti virov\u00e9 hepatitid\u011b B,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 k mo\u017enostem prevence infekc\u00ed MUDr. Milan Troj\u00e1nek, Ph.D., vedouc\u00ed Katedry infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed IPVZ. Riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ch\u0159ipkou a pneumokokov\u00fdm z\u00e1palem plic je mo\u017en\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm. Osoby star\u0161\u00ed 65 let maj\u00ed tato dv\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed zdarma, hrad\u00ed jej pln\u011b zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce o diabetu, mo\u017enostech l\u00e9\u010dby, \u00faprav\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu naleznete na www.cukrovka.cz<\/a><\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S n\u011bkterou z forem cukrovky (diabetes mellitus) se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 na osm procent obyvatel \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Po\u010det nemocn\u00fdch st\u00e1le stoup\u00e1 bez ohledu na v\u011bk \u010di pohlav\u00ed. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31024"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31024\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}