{"id":31180,"date":"2019-01-09T12:14:21","date_gmt":"2019-01-09T11:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=31180"},"modified":"2019-01-09T12:14:21","modified_gmt":"2019-01-09T11:14:21","slug":"deset-zajimavosti-o-lidskem-oku-jak-je-to-s-mrkvi-nebo-barvou-oci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=31180","title":{"rendered":"Deset zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed o lidsk\u00e9m oku: jak je to s mrkv\u00ed nebo barvou o\u010d\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oko je jedn\u00edm z nejmen\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble – jeho pr\u016fm\u011br z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159es\u00e1hne 24 milimetr\u016f a v\u00e1ha 28 gram\u016f. \u010clov\u011bk zrakem z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 kolem 80 procent v\u0161ech informac\u00ed. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f jich oko dok\u00e1\u017ee za hodinu zpracovat a\u017e 36 tis\u00edc. To je ale jen zlomek poznatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 o jednom z nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble v\u00edme.<\/strong>
\n
\n1. Lidsk\u00e9 oko se vyv\u00edj\u00ed a\u017e do sedmi let<\/p>\n

Oko se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 vyv\u00edjet u\u017e b\u011bhem \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho t\u00fddne t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed. V obdob\u00ed prvn\u00edch \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se u d\u00edt\u011bte vyv\u00edj\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed fixace a konvergence, tedy schopnost zam\u011b\u0159it o\u010di na p\u0159edm\u011bt p\u0159i pohledu do bl\u00edzka, zrakov\u00e1 ostrost dosahuje asi p\u011bti procent toho, co u dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka. P\u016flro\u010dn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b je schopno zam\u011b\u0159it pohled na n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt. \u201eV obdob\u00ed dev\u00edti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f je zrakov\u00e1 ostrost deset procent. V jednom roce je potom zrakov\u00e1 ostrost asi 20 a\u017e 30 procent. Kolem sedm\u00e9ho roku je v\u00fdvoj zrakov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed u konce a d\u00edt\u011b by m\u011blo vid\u011bt stejn\u011b kvalitn\u011b jako zdrav\u00fd dosp\u011bl\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk,\u201c uvedl Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini.<\/p>\n

2. N\u00e1padn\u00e1 zm\u011bna barvy o\u010d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edznakem onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n

Bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po narozen\u00ed duhovka t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pigment neobsahuje, a proto je v\u011bt\u0161ina d\u011bt\u00ed modrook\u00e1. Pigmentu postupem \u010dasu p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 a a\u017e kolem t\u0159et\u00edho roku v\u011bku by m\u011bl b\u00fdt definitivn\u011b ust\u00e1len. \u201ePouze u zhruba 15 procent lid\u00ed se barva o\u010d\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. Ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se barva o\u010d\u00ed zm\u011bn\u00ed velmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b nebo se m\u011bn\u00ed barva jen u jednoho oka, m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o p\u0159\u00edznak o\u010dn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c varoval Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

3. Oko um\u00ed rozeznat 10 milion\u016f barev<\/p>\n

Oko dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka um\u00ed vn\u00edmat a rozli\u0161ovat barvy o vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce od 380 do 760 nanometr\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd barevn\u00fd vjem je charakterizov\u00e1n sytost\u00ed, jasem a barevn\u00fdm t\u00f3nem. \u201eN\u00e1zory na po\u010det odst\u00edn\u016f barev, kter\u00e9 je lidsk\u00e9 oko schopno rozeznat, se li\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zdroje v\u0161ak hovo\u0159\u00ed a\u017e o 10 milionech barev,\u201c \u0159ekl Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

4. Tmav\u00e9 br\u00fdle bez UV filtru \u0161kod\u00ed zraku v\u00edc ne\u017e br\u00fdle \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9<\/p>\n

Tmav\u00e9 br\u00fdle bez UV filtru mohou b\u00fdt pro o\u010di \u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e br\u00fdle \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9. \u201ePod tmav\u00fdmi skly toti\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zornic a do o\u010d\u00ed, nejsou-li chr\u00e1n\u011bny kvalitn\u00edm UV filtrem, tak pronik\u00e1 v\u00edce \u0161kodliv\u00fdch paprsk\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

5. Horsk\u00e9 slunce m\u016f\u017ee zrak po\u0161kodit v\u00edc ne\u017e to letn\u00ed<\/p>\n

V zim\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k odraz\u016fm slune\u010dn\u00edch paprsk\u016f od sn\u011bhu, kter\u00e9 mohou zrak potr\u00e1pit v\u00edc ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad pobyt u mo\u0159e. \u201eSn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it hladinu UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 90 procent na \u010derstv\u011b napadan\u00e9m sn\u011bhu a o 50 procent na sn\u011bhu star\u0161\u00edm. Oproti tomu zelen\u00e1 tr\u00e1va odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jen zhruba t\u0159i procenta UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed,\u201c popsal Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

6. A\u017e 50 tis\u00edc \u0159idi\u010d\u016f v \u010cesku kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00e9mu zraku ohro\u017euje sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed<\/p>\n

Kolem 50 tis\u00edc \u0159idi\u010d\u016f v \u010cesku ve v\u011bku nad 40 let trp\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vadou, kter\u00e1 je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u0159idi\u010d\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku nen\u00ed schopna zaost\u0159it na palubn\u00ed desku bez br\u00fdl\u00ed. \u201eU\u017e t\u0159i \u010dtvrt\u011b dioptrie sta\u010d\u00ed na to, aby \u0159idi\u010d zahl\u00e9dl chodce ze vzd\u00e1lenosti o polovinu krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u0159idi\u010d bez dioptrick\u00e9 vady. Zat\u00edmco zdrav\u00e9 oko ho vid\u00ed ze vzd\u00e1lenosti zhruba 200 metr\u016f, oko s vadou -0,75 dioptrie a\u017e ze vzd\u00e1lenosti 100 metr\u016f, oko s vadou minus dv\u011b dioptrie pak ze vzd\u00e1lenosti pouh\u00fdch dvaceti metr\u016f. Nav\u00edc \u0159idi\u010di se \u0161patn\u00fdm zrakem v\u016fbec nepost\u0159ehnou a\u017e \u010dtvrtinu dopravn\u00edch zna\u010dek,\u201c upozornil Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

7. \u010ctvrtina vitam\u00edn\u016f je ur\u010dena jen pro zrak<\/p>\n

A\u017e 25 procent vitam\u00edn\u016f a miner\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159ijme z potravy, je ur\u010deno pouze pro zrakov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. \u201eTakto z\u00edskan\u00e9 l\u00e1tky ale \u010dasto k dobr\u00e9mu vid\u011bn\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed. Proto je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat dopl\u0148ky stravy. \u010casto sta\u010d\u00ed jedna kapsle denn\u011b k tomu, aby byly dodr\u017eeny minim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky l\u00e1tek na den,\u201c doporu\u010dil Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

8. V\u011bt\u0161ina novorozenc\u016f je dalekozrak\u00e1<\/p>\n

\u201eU mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed, dalekozrakost, tupozrakost, kr\u00e1tkozrakost a astigmatismus. Ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 dalekozrakosti se vyskytuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u v\u0161ech novorozenc\u016f, ale postupem v\u011bku v\u011bt\u0161inou vymiz\u00ed,\u201c vyjmenoval Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

9. Zdrav\u00e1 pro o\u010di nen\u00ed jen mrkev<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f, kter\u00e9 kolem mrkve koluj\u00ed, je jej\u00ed a\u017e z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd vliv na kvalitu zraku. Mrkev je sice pro zrak opravdu prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, ne ale o moc v\u00edc ne\u017e \u0159ada jin\u00fdch potravin. Zraku prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch potravin je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. \u201eNap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e1 je kurkuma, u kter\u00e9 je prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee krom\u011b velmi pozitivn\u00edho vlivu na zrak p\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 proti n\u00e1dorov\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm. Pro dobr\u00fd zrak je podstatn\u00fd tak\u00e9 lutein – ten je obsa\u017een nap\u0159\u00edklad v obil\u00ed, ovoci a zelenin\u011b nebo ve vaje\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eloutku. Na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed enzym\u016f v oku m\u00e1 velk\u00fd vliv zinek. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 konzumovat potraviny bohat\u00e9 na tento miner\u00e1l. Mezi ty pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad vaj\u00ed\u010dka, ml\u00e9ko, d\u00fd\u0148ov\u00e1 sem\u00ednka, \u00fast\u0159ice nebo p\u0161tros\u00ed maso,\u201c vyjmenoval Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

10. 3D filmy nejsou pro v\u0161echny o\u010di<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 nejsou schopni rozeznat 3D obraz v kin\u011b \u010di televizi. Pot\u00ed\u017ee se objevuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tupozrakosti a \u0161ilhavosti, p\u0159i velk\u00e9m rozd\u00edlu v dioptri\u00edch nebo u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed jen jedno oko,\u201c \u0159ekl Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/p>\n

Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oko je jedn\u00edm z nejmen\u0161\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble – jeho pr\u016fm\u011br z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159es\u00e1hne 24 milimetr\u016f a v\u00e1ha 28 gram\u016f. \u010clov\u011bk zrakem z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 kolem 80 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=31180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31180\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=31180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=31180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=31180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}