{"id":32139,"date":"2019-08-28T13:33:47","date_gmt":"2019-08-28T11:33:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=32139"},"modified":"2019-08-28T13:33:47","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T11:33:47","slug":"inkluze-po-cesku-vsechny-deti-pohromade-podstata-je-vsak-jinde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=32139","title":{"rendered":"Inkluze po \u010desku – v\u0161echny d\u011bti pohromad\u011b. Podstata je v\u0161ak jinde"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017d\u00e1k p\u0159ijde do \u0161koly, u\u010ditel zjist\u00ed, \u017ee danou l\u00e1tku zvl\u00e1d\u00e1, a \u0159ekne mu, co m\u00e1 d\u011blat d\u00e1l, s t\u00edm, \u017ee kdyby n\u011bco pot\u0159eboval, m\u016f\u017ee za n\u00edm p\u0159ij\u00edt. Kdy\u017e dob\u0159e pracuje a u\u010d\u00ed se, nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba, aby u n\u011bj u\u010ditel st\u00e1l. Svou pozornost zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na jin\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd h\u016f\u0159 ch\u00e1pe, a je pot\u0159eba, aby mu n\u011bco vysv\u011btlil. Tak vypad\u00e1 modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad individu\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu v r\u00e1mci inkluze.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eInkluzivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je my\u0161lenka, ur\u010dit\u00e1 idea, kter\u00e1 se podle m\u00e9ho soudu ned\u00e1 zpochybnit. Proto\u017ee i ve spole\u010dnosti \u017eijeme v\u0161ichni spolu. Nekouk\u00e1te na to, jestli jsem posti\u017een\u00fd, prost\u011b sem pat\u0159\u00edm. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed ale bylo postaveno tak, \u017ee kdy\u017e se nep\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00edte tomu, co \u0161kola po\u017eaduje, pat\u0159\u00edte jinam, kde se v\u00e1m budou v\u011bnovat speci\u00e1ln\u011b,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00fd psycholog V\u00e1clav Mertin.<\/p>\n

A my dnes \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u0161echny d\u011bti maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na co nejlep\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. A vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee budou \u017e\u00edt ve spole\u010dnosti, m\u011bly by se vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat pohromad\u011b a nen\u00ed d\u016fvod je n\u011bkde vy\u010dle\u0148ovat. „To je nezpochybniteln\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, kter\u00e9 by se m\u011bla \u0161kola p\u0159izp\u016fsobit,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Mertin.<\/p>\n

Odpov\u011bdnost je na u\u010diteli \u010di dru\u017ein\u00e1\u0159i<\/p>\n

\u201eV sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situaci maj\u00ed rodi\u010de posti\u017een\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte (a nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jestli m\u00e1 Down\u016fv syndrom, autismus, ADHD, \u010di sluchov\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed) pr\u00e1vo po\u017eadovat um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed do \u0161koly i \u0161koln\u00ed dru\u017einy bez asistenta pedagoga i osobn\u00edho asistenta, kdy\u017e jim ho pedagogicko-psychologick\u00e1 poradna nep\u0159id\u011bl\u00ed nebo na n\u011bj \u0161kola nedostane pen\u00edze od \u00fa\u0159adu. To je na\u0161e \u010desk\u00e1 inkluze. Je pak jen na u\u010diteli \u010di dru\u017ein\u00e1\u0159i, jak si s t\u00edm porad\u00ed, zodpov\u011bdnost je p\u0159ehozena na n\u011b,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 k napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed my\u0161lenky inkluze v praxi nejmenovan\u00e1 dru\u017ein\u00e1\u0159ka.<\/p>\n

U\u010ditelka p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 svoji zku\u0161enost: \u201eU n\u00e1s si d\u00edtko s poruchou, jej\u00ed\u017e projevy komplikuj\u00ed provoz dru\u017einy, netroufli um\u00edstit bez asistenta. Jde o bezpe\u010dnost d\u00edt\u011bte samotn\u00e9ho i ostatn\u00edch. Za p\u00e1r let bude ze \u0161koly a dru\u017einy d\u00edky inkluzi pouze hl\u00edd\u00e1rna d\u011bt\u00ed, a to nejen kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee tam budou d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami,\u201c prorokuje pedago\u017eka.<\/p>\n

Je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Co je tedy nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem inkluzivn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u n\u00e1s? \u201ePodle m\u00e9ho soudu u n\u00e1s nen\u00ed inkluzivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. U n\u00e1s je po\u0159\u00e1d integrace. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se integruj\u00ed zdravotn\u011b posti\u017een\u00ed, a aby dostali podp\u016frn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, musej\u00ed m\u00edt n\u011bjakou diagn\u00f3zu. Takhle to funguje v praxi. Ale ta idea je, \u017ee kdy\u017e se \u017e\u00e1kovi t\u0159eba rozv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed rodi\u010de nebo kdy\u017e t\u0159eba mus\u00ed j\u00edt za dva m\u011bs\u00edce na n\u011bjakou operaci, pot\u0159ebuje trochu jin\u00fd re\u017eim. Ne \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd re\u017eim, ne jin\u00e9ho u\u010ditele, jen se mus\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnout k jeho pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Nemus\u00ed m\u00edt \u017e\u00e1dnou diagn\u00f3zu, je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u010dasem se zase srovn\u00e1. A pak se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee je d\u00edt\u011b n\u011bjak posti\u017een\u00e9, ale vlastn\u011b nic moc nepot\u0159ebuje, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed d\u016fvod pro n\u011bj n\u011bco vym\u00fd\u0161let. Inkluze by m\u011bla \u0159e\u0161it va\u0161e pot\u0159eby. Tohle vn\u00edm\u00e1m jako velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m. A trochu m\u011b \u0161tve, \u017ee z toho z\u016fstalo jen to, \u017ee d\u011bti jsou spolu ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b a \u0159e\u0161\u00ed se, kolik maj\u00ed m\u00edt asistent\u016f a pom\u016fcek,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 V\u00e1clav Mertin s t\u00edm, \u017ee hodn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je individualizace: \u201eNev\u00edm, o co se op\u00edr\u00e1 ta hromadnost, krom\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fdch organiza\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Nev\u00edm, o co se op\u00edr\u00e1 fakt, \u017ee n\u011bkomu n\u011bco jde, druh\u00e9mu to nejde a oba se u\u010d\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e. Moje p\u0159edstava je, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed by m\u011blo mnohem v\u00edce individualizovat. Rozb\u00edt v\u00edce tu hromadnost a jednotnost.\u201c<\/p>\n

D\u011bti s posti\u017een\u00edm maj\u00ed za \u00fakol otev\u0159\u00edt na\u0161i mysl<\/p>\n

\u201eNa nemoci a posti\u017een\u00ed je t\u0159eba p\u0159estat pohl\u00ed\u017eet jako na chyby. Na\u0161e vnit\u0159n\u00ed j\u00e1 rozhodn\u011b nic takov\u00e9ho nec\u00edt\u00ed. D\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se rod\u00ed do t\u011bchto situac\u00ed, n\u00e1s p\u0159i\u0161ly n\u011bco nau\u010dit,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Martina Vit\u00e1kov\u00e1, u\u010ditelka p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly Na L\u00ed\u0161e na Praze 4. Ve sv\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b p\u0159ipravuje na \u0161kolu d\u011bti s odkladem \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 jsou pro prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu zat\u00edm nezral\u00e9, a mezi nimi obvykle i d\u011bti s ur\u010ditou diagn\u00f3zou \u2013 od d\u011bt\u00ed s poruchami pozornosti, jako jsou ADD \u010di ADHD, po \u017e\u00e1ky s autismem \u010di Downov\u00fdm syndromem.<\/p>\n

\u201eTyto d\u011bti jsou osobnosti, kter\u00e9 na na\u0161e v\u00fdchovn\u00e9 pokusy odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed dost hou\u017eevnatou autonomi\u00ed. Ony nemaj\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed, ale jeho p\u0159eklad do fyzick\u00e9ho projevu, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159e\u010d. A nezapadaj\u00ed do obvykl\u00fdch \u0161katulek, ve kter\u00fdch bychom je n\u011bkdy r\u00e1di vid\u011bli. Naopak, p\u0159i\u0161ly sem proto, aby n\u00e1s dostaly t\u0159eba zrovna z t\u011bch na\u0161ich ulit a otev\u0159ely n\u00e1m o\u010di,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Martina Vit\u00e1kov\u00e1 a mimo jin\u00e9 dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eV hloubi du\u0161e jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee d\u011bti s posti\u017een\u00edm maj\u00ed za \u00fakol otev\u0159\u00edt na\u0161i mysl a trochu n\u00e1s spojit se sv\u00fdm prav\u00fdm j\u00e1. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee inkluze je posun spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, ale bude to je\u0161t\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b dlouhou dobu trvat. Nezbytn\u00e9 je nastaven\u00ed kvalitn\u00edch podm\u00ednek ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Do nich pat\u0159\u00ed \u010dasov\u00e9, prostorov\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed. M\u00e1m na mysli nap\u0159\u00edklad kvalitn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed asistent\u016f, kter\u00e9 nutn\u011b mus\u00ed prov\u00e1zet i jejich odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed ohodnocen\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Zdroj: M\u0160MT, P\u0159\u00edklady dobr\u00e9 praxe<\/p>\n

Filip Luke\u0161
\nHranick\u00fd den\u00edk
\nhttps:\/\/hranicky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u017d\u00e1k p\u0159ijde do \u0161koly, u\u010ditel zjist\u00ed, \u017ee danou l\u00e1tku zvl\u00e1d\u00e1, a \u0159ekne mu, co m\u00e1 d\u011blat d\u00e1l, s t\u00edm, \u017ee kdyby n\u011bco pot\u0159eboval, m\u016f\u017ee za […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32139"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32139\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}