{"id":32466,"date":"2019-10-18T09:24:53","date_gmt":"2019-10-18T07:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=32466"},"modified":"2019-10-18T09:34:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-18T07:34:34","slug":"meni-se-lecba-astmatu-nyni-maji-vsichni-uzivat-leky-kazdy-den","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=32466","title":{"rendered":"M\u011bn\u00ed se l\u00e9\u010dba astmatu. Nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed v\u0161ichni u\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e9ky ka\u017ed\u00fd den"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dosud si astmatici mnohdy brali l\u00e9k jen, kdy\u017e se jim za\u010dalo \u0161patn\u011b d\u00fdchat. Podle specialist\u016f by v\u0161ak pacienti m\u011bli u\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e9ky po\u0159\u00e1d, i v dob\u011b, kdy nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. <\/strong>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je toti\u017e trval\u00e9 potla\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btu v\u00a0d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest\u00e1ch, jen\u017e vede k astmatick\u00fdm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm, nebo\u0165 samotn\u00e1 \u00falevov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba jen p\u0159i astmatick\u00e9m z\u00e1chvatu nesta\u010d\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1.<\/strong>
\n<\/p>\n

A\u017e polovina pacient\u016f s\u00a0astmatem podle odborn\u00edk\u016f zapom\u00edn\u00e1 na preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu, kterou mus\u00ed br\u00e1t denn\u011b, a u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen l\u00e9ky na \u00falevu<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e9ky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k\u00a0l\u00e9\u010db\u011b astmatu d\u011bl\u00edme na preventivn\u00ed antiastmatika<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 jsou u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na dlouhodob\u011b ka\u017edodenn\u011b, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dinku udr\u017euj\u00ed astma pod kontrolou, a na \u00falevov\u00e1 antiastmatika<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 jsou u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na k\u00a0rychl\u00e9mu odstran\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1chvatu a \u00falev\u011b od p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eDob\u0159e l\u00e9\u010den\u00fd astmatik by m\u011bl pravideln\u011b jednou a\u017e dvakr\u00e1t denn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9k a zcela v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b by m\u011bl pot\u0159ebovat l\u00e9k \u00falevov\u00fd. Pot\u0159eba \u00falevov\u00e9ho l\u00e9ku v\u00edce ne\u017e dvakr\u00e1t m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b signalizuje zhor\u0161en\u00ed kontroly nad astmatem. \u010cast\u00e1 pot\u0159eba \u00falevov\u00e9ho l\u00e9ku signalizuje nedostate\u010dnou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed, tedy preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 v t\u00e9to souvislosti profesor Petr Pohunek, \u0159editel \u010cesk\u00e9 iniciativy pro astma<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00dalevov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba by m\u011bla b\u00fdt u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby, v\u00a0nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nutn\u00e9 d\u00e1vce a frekvenci. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u010detnost u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto l\u00e9k\u016f je d\u016fvodem k\u00a0p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed dosavadn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi k\u00a0l\u00e9\u010db\u011b astmatu jsou inhala\u010dn\u00ed kortikosteroidy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ani inhala\u010dn\u00ed kortikosteroidy nejsou schopny astma zcela vyl\u00e9\u010dit a po jejich vysazen\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed u \u010d\u00e1sti pacient\u016f ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed astmatu. V\u00fdhodn\u00e1 je v\u0161ak kombinace inhala\u010dn\u00edch kortikosteroid\u016f s\u00a0dlouhodob\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edmi uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi l\u00e9ky. Ob\u011b skupiny se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b dopl\u0148uj\u00ed a posiluj\u00ed tak sv\u016fj \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p>\n

Dle doporu\u010den\u00ed Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed iniciativy pro astma (GINA) doch\u00e1z\u00ed v roce 2019 ke zm\u011bn\u011b l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu<\/strong>. D\u0159\u00edve se v\u00a0prvn\u00edm kroku l\u00e9\u010dby u zcela m\u00edrn\u00e9ho astmatu nasazovala pouze \u00falevov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba p\u0159i pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch. Nyn\u00ed GINA doporu\u010duje, aby v\u0161ichni<\/strong> dosp\u011bl\u00ed a dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0m\u00edrn\u00fdm astmatem dost\u00e1vali i preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu<\/strong>, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pod\u00e1vali \u00falevov\u00fd l\u00e9k p\u0159i pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch v\u017edy i s\u00a0inhala\u010dn\u00edm kortikosteroidem. Samotn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba pouze \u00falevov\u00fdm l\u00e9kem je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za rizikovou<\/strong> (nap\u0159\u00edklad kv\u016fli ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm l\u00e9k\u016f apod.).<\/p>\n

Informace o spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b naleznete na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch www.astma-zero.cz \u010cesk\u00e9 iniciativy pro astma (\u010cIPA).<\/p>\n

Biologick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba<\/strong>
\nI p\u0159es pokroky v\u00a0medic\u00edn\u011b v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 u \u010d\u00e1sti pacient\u016f astma obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b l\u00e9\u010ditelnou nemoc\u00ed. P\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b t\u011bchto t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je nutn\u00e9 d\u016fsledn\u00fdm vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edm programem sestavit individu\u00e1ln\u00ed kombinaci antiastmatik, dle pacientova konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho typu astmatu, kter\u00fdm pacient trp\u00ed.<\/p>\n

U n\u011bkter\u00fdch nemocn\u00fdch, kde se ani po \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch inhala\u010dn\u00ed a protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby neda\u0159\u00ed dostat astma pod kontrolu, specialista zva\u017euje c\u00edlenou, tzv. biologickou<\/strong> l\u00e9\u010dbu, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee pacienty s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt do aktivn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je 17 center, kter\u00e1 biologickou l\u00e9\u010dbu astmatik\u016fm zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Astma m\u011b d\u00edky dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby nijak neomezuje
\nVav\u0159inec Hradilek, st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fd olympijsk\u00fd medailista z\u00a0Lond\u00fdna v\u00a0kajaku<\/strong><\/div>\n

S\u00a0astmatem se Vav\u0159inec Hradilek pot\u00fdk\u00e1 u\u017e od mala. Nemoc je u nich v\u00a0rodin\u011b d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1, trp\u00ed j\u00ed i jeho otec. A\u010d je Vav\u0159inec aktivn\u00edm sportovcem, nemoc ho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neomezuje. Od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku se poctiv\u011b l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, podstupuje dlouhodobou preventivn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e na sob\u011b spolehliv\u011b pozn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 nemoc p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, a um\u00ed se sv\u00fdm stavem pracovat. V\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e l\u00e9ky vynech\u00e1, d\u00fdch\u00e1 se mu h\u016f\u0159. \u201eNikdy jsem neu\u017e\u00edval pouze \u00falevovou l\u00e9\u010dbu, v\u017edy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m i tu protiz\u00e1n\u011btlivou,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Vav\u0159inec Hradilek. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je u\u017e jeho l\u00e9\u010dba takov\u00e1, \u017ee udr\u017euje jeho zdravotn\u00ed stav na \u00farovni, aby se mohl v\u011bnovat i vrcholov\u00e9mu sportu, je velmi flexibiln\u00ed, p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje se jeho moment\u00e1ln\u00edmu stavu a pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b astmatu trp\u00ed cel\u00fd \u017eivot i alergiemi na pyly, prach a rozto\u010de, proto db\u00e1 na to, aby se prost\u0159ed\u00edm se zv\u00fd\u0161enou koncentrac\u00ed t\u011bchto alergen\u016f, pokud mo\u017eno vyhnul. Ke spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 funkci jeho d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu mu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 i sport. Ten i podle odborn\u00edk\u016f astmatik\u016fm pom\u00e1h\u00e1, prosp\u00edv\u00e1 jejich d\u00fdchac\u00edmu \u00fastroj\u00ed. Vav\u0159inec Hradilek na sob\u011b pozitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky sportu poci\u0165uje. Je r\u00e1d, \u017ee se d\u00e1 nemoc skloubit s\u00a0jeho aktivn\u00edm sportem. Krom\u011b kajaku se v\u011bnuje mnoha dal\u0161\u00edm aktivit\u00e1m. Jezd\u00ed na kole, b\u011bh\u00e1, leze po skal\u00e1ch. P\u0159i sportu se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 i do prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pro jeho nemoc nen\u00ed v\u017edy ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Ale Vav\u0159inec se limitovat nenech\u00e1. L\u00e9\u010dba mu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zvl\u00e1dat i zhor\u0161en\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, jako je prach nebo smog. Nikdy nem\u011bl pocit, \u017ee by se m\u011bl kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 nemoci omezovat, nebo \u017ee by snad dosahoval hor\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f ne\u017e jeho zdrav\u00ed souputn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edznakem astmatu<\/strong> je z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fdu\u0161ek prov\u00e1zen\u00e9 p\u00edskotem p\u0159i d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di ka\u0161lem, a to zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei. Pacienti se tak\u00e9 \u010dasto bud\u00ed v\u00a0noci kv\u016fli pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm s\u00a0dechem a ka\u0161l\u00e1n\u00edm. Bez l\u00e9\u010dby m\u00edvaj\u00ed z\u00e1chvaty t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 du\u0161nosti, kter\u00e9 je mohou i ohro\u017eovat na \u017eivot\u011b. P\u0159edch\u00e1zet jim lze preventivn\u00edmi l\u00e9ky. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve za\u010dnou s\u00a0l\u00e9\u010dbou, t\u00edm snadn\u011bji se stav optimalizuje.<\/p>\n

Na n\u00e1sledky astmatu zem\u0159elo v\u00a0roce 2017 142 osob, 92 \u017een a 50 osob.<\/p>\n

Astma m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout v\u00a0kter\u00e9mkoliv v\u011bku. Za nemoc\u00ed mnohdy stoj\u00ed genetick\u00e9 predispozice, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00ed podpo\u0159eny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy, jako je kou\u0159en\u00ed \u010di alergie. Astma nelze zcela vyl\u00e9\u010dit, lze jej v\u0161ak \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b dostat pod kontrolu. V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za, v\u010dasn\u00e1 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba, umo\u017e\u0148uje astma v\u00a0drtiv\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zvl\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n

Astma je mo\u017en\u00e9 klasifikovat podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch hledisek. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, zda se da\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbou dos\u00e1hnout kontroly astmatu. Kontrola nad astmatem a jej\u00ed udr\u017een\u00ed je hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem l\u00e9\u010dby. Mezi astmatiky na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed nemocn\u00ed s m\u00edrn\u00fdm astmatem, tj. s\u00a0intermitentn\u00ed nebo lehkou formou, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem.\u00a0 Asi osm procent trp\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm astmatem a dv\u011b procenta nemocn\u00fdch maj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekou rezistentn\u00ed formu.<\/p>\n

Astma je chronick\u00e9 a celo\u017eivotn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. Chronick\u00fd neinfek\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt pr\u016fdu\u0161ek\u00a0 je spojen s\u00a0opakovan\u00fdmi stavy p\u00edskav\u00e9ho d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, ka\u0161lem, du\u0161nost\u00ed a sv\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm na hrudi, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0noci a \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no.<\/p>\n

redakce invArena dle TZ<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dosud si astmatici mnohdy brali l\u00e9k jen, kdy\u017e se jim za\u010dalo \u0161patn\u011b d\u00fdchat. Podle specialist\u016f by v\u0161ak pacienti m\u011bli u\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e9ky po\u0159\u00e1d, i v dob\u011b, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}