Praha, 21.12.2020 \u2013 Bolest\u00ed v\u00a0podb\u0159i\u0161ku, krvav\u00fdmi v\u00fdtoky nebo krv\u00e1cen\u00edm po styku se m\u016f\u017ee projevovat rakovina d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku. Jde o druh\u00fd nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typ rakoviny u \u017een a na sv\u011bdom\u00ed ho m\u00e1 n\u00e1kaza lidsk\u00fdm papilomavirem (HPV). Krom\u011b karcinomu d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku m\u016f\u017ee HPV zp\u016fsobit i genit\u00e1ln\u00ed bradavice nebo rakovinu anu u \u017een i mu\u017e\u016f. S\u00a0n\u00e1kazou HPV se za \u017eivot setk\u00e1 a\u017e 80 % lid\u00ed. P\u0159esto kolem HPV infekce panuje st\u00e1le \u0159ada m\u00fdt\u016f. Vyvrac\u00edme \u0161est nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00a0nich. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fdtus 1: HPV onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postihuj\u00ed pouze \u017eeny<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HPV virus si nevyb\u00edr\u00e1 a postihuje \u017eeny i mu\u017ee. U v\u011bt\u0161iny lid\u00ed se n\u00e1kaza HPV v\u016fbec neprojev\u00ed, mohou ale infekci p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et na sv\u00e9 partnery. Lid\u00e9 si \u010dasto mysl\u00ed, \u017ee mu\u017ei jsou pouze p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di, ale i oni mohou onemocn\u011bt. \u201eS n\u00e1kazou HPV si st\u00e1le hodn\u011b lid\u00ed spojuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rakovinu d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku. Virus ale m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 nemoci i mu\u017e\u016fm \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad rakovinu anu nebo genit\u00e1ln\u00ed bradavice,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Ilona H\u00fclleov\u00e1, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sdru\u017een\u00ed praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f pro d\u011bti a dorost \u010cR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fdtus 2: Proti HPV se mohou o\u010dkovat jen d\u00edvky<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O\u010dkovat\nse mohou nejen d\u00edvky, ale i chlapci. Ob\u011bma pohlav\u00edm hrad\u00ed vakcinaci ve 13\nletech zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Rodi\u010de mohou sv\u00e9 d\u011bti nechat o\u010dkovat u jejich\nd\u011btsk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Ve v\u011bku 13 let nav\u00edc vakcinaci hrad\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovna.\nPo\u010det HPV typ\u016f, proti kter\u00fdm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fdb\u011bru vakc\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fdtus 3: Na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV je ve 13 letech p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV\nje nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e se t\u011blo s HPV viry je\u0161t\u011b nesetkalo, a v pubert\u011b tak\u00e9\norganismus nejl\u00e9pe reaguje na l\u00e1tky v o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto je vakcinace hrazena\npr\u00e1v\u011b 13let\u00fdm d\u011btem. Pokud chceme d\u011bti proti n\u00e1kaze HPV chr\u00e1nit, je pot\u0159eba\no\u010dkovat s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159edstihem, aby si t\u011blo stihlo vytvo\u0159it protil\u00e1tky.\nNejlep\u0161\u00ed je nao\u010dkovat d\u011bti ve 13 letech, je ov\u0161em mo\u017en\u00e9 se nechat nao\u010dkovat i\nv pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. \u00da\u010dinnost vakc\u00edny l\u00e9ka\u0159i potvrdili tak\u00e9 u \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f,\nkte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e jsou sexu\u00e1ln\u011b aktivn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fdtus 4: O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti HPV nen\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nikdy se\nneprok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee by vakc\u00edna proti HPV byla nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 a zp\u016fsobovala z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1\nonemocn\u011bn\u00ed. L\u00e9ka\u0159i s n\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u011b o\u010dkuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 pacienty od roku 2006. Pom\u011br\np\u0159\u00ednosu HPV vakcinace k riziku sleduj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed v\u00fdbory l\u00e9kov\u00fdch agentur i\nSv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) a pravideln\u011b publikuj\u00ed k t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce\nreporty. Vakc\u00edny neobsahuj\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 viry ani jejich \u010d\u00e1sti, a nemohou tedy zp\u016fsobit\nonemocn\u011bn\u00ed, proti kter\u00fdm o\u010dkuj\u00ed. Zdrav\u00fd d\u011blo\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00edpek je p\u0159edpokladem zdrav\u00e9ho\nt\u011bhotenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fdtus 5: HPV je n\u00e1kazou promiskuitn\u00edch lid\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HPV je podle WHO nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159enosnou infekc\u00ed. Nakazit se m\u016f\u017ee prakticky ka\u017ed\u00fd, a to nejen pohlavn\u00edm stykem, ale i intimn\u00edm kontaktem nebo or\u00e1ln\u00edm sexem. \u201ePromiskuita je sice rizikov\u00fd faktor u n\u00e1kazy HPV, ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017eeme nakazit u\u017e p\u0159i jednom pohlavn\u00edm styku. Rozhodn\u011b nelze \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o nemoc promiskuitn\u00edch lid\u00ed. N\u00e1kazou je ohro\u017een\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo nedodr\u017euje \u00faplnou sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed abstinenci,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Michal Mihula, vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 Ambulance onkogynekologick\u00e9 prevence z M\u011bstsk\u00e9 nemocnice Ostrava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00fdtus 6: Kdy\u017e nem\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edznaky, nejsem naka\u017een\u00fd <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1kazy HPV spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zcela bezp\u0159\u00edznakov\u00e1. Infekce se tak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v t\u011ble \u0159adu let a lid\u00e9 ji nev\u011bdomky \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed mezi sv\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed partnery. Infekce ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f spont\u00e1nn\u011b vymiz\u00ed. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech od n\u00e1kazy do vypuknut\u00ed nemoci nap\u0159\u00edklad v podob\u011b genit\u00e1ln\u00edch bradavic m\u016f\u017ee uplynout n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. \u201eKarcinom d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku, pochvy nebo anu se v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech projev\u00ed za n\u011bkolik let,\u201c upozor\u0148uje MUDr. Michal Mihula. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Praha, 21.12.2020 \u2013 Bolest\u00ed v\u00a0podb\u0159i\u0161ku, krvav\u00fdmi v\u00fdtoky nebo krv\u00e1cen\u00edm po styku se m\u016f\u017ee projevovat rakovina d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku. Jde o druh\u00fd nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typ rakoviny u \u017een […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35588"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35588\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}