V r\u00e1mci na\u0161eho pravideln\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu Na slov\u00ed\u010dko s l\u00e9ka\u0159em EUC Kliniky tentokr\u00e1t odpov\u00eddala MUDr. Libu\u0161e Hrdli\u010dkov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed na odd\u011blen\u00ed diabetologie. Zaj\u00edmalo n\u00e1s, jak\u00e9 zm\u011bny na sob\u011b pacient m\u016f\u017ee s\u00e1m poznat, kdy\u017e se u n\u011bj n\u011bkter\u00fd z typ\u016f cukrovky objev\u00ed a tak\u00e9 jsme se zeptali, jak moc diabetes pacienta omez\u00ed v \u201eb\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pan\u00ed doktorko, jak\u00e9 typy diabetu v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed, kdo je jimi nej\u010dast\u011bji ohro\u017een?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed cukrovkou 2. typu (diabetes mellitus) se vyskytuje hlavn\u011b ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se ale posouv\u00e1 i do t\u011bch mlad\u0161\u00edch. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje zejm\u00e9na nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd zp\u016fsob stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, omezen\u00ed pohybov\u00e9 aktivity, v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b se na onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00edl\u00ed i ur\u010dit\u00fd typ d\u011bdi\u010dnosti. Diabetes mellitus 2. typu je v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivniteln\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b \u00fapravou stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vyk\u016f spojen\u00fdch s redukc\u00ed hmotnosti. B\u00fdv\u00e1 toti\u017e velice \u010dasto spojov\u00e1n s obezitou, dokonce a\u017e z 30 %. Na onemocn\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed vliv hypertenze (vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak) nebo ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed, d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 metabolick\u00e9 odchylky \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad dyslipidemie a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed projevy cukrovky, kter\u00e9 na sob\u011b m\u016f\u017ee pozorovat zat\u00edm nediagnostikovan\u00fd pacient? P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b, kdy je vhodn\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edt k l\u00e9ka\u0159i na vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na typu diabetu. U diabetu mellitu 1. typu je to hlavn\u011b \u017e\u00edze\u0148, \u010dast\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed, a to i v noci, hubnut\u00ed p\u0159i norm\u00e1ln\u00ed chuti k j\u00eddlu, \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fanava, slabost, zhor\u0161en\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnosti, zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 ostrosti a zraku jako takov\u00e9ho, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sklon k infekc\u00edm a jejich hor\u0161\u00edmu hojen\u00ed. P\u0159i posti\u017een\u00ed doln\u00edch kon\u010detin m\u016f\u017ee v nejhor\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech onemocn\u011bn\u00ed doj\u00edt a\u017e k amputaci doln\u00edch kon\u010detin a t\u00edm k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed invalidizaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hroz\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159i posti\u017een\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt a\u017e k \u00fapln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b zraku \u2013 oslepnut\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel u velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pacient\u016f, a to u diabetu mellitu 2. typu, je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bno n\u00e1hodn\u011b p\u0159i n\u00e1lezu hyperglykemie (vysok\u00e1 hladina krevn\u00edho cukru) nebo ji\u017e p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu pozdn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed (o\u010di, nohy\u2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u016f\u017eete popsat, jak moc diabetes pacienta omezuje v „b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b“ a na co v\u0161e si mus\u00ed d\u00e1vat pozor? Jak \u010dasto je pak pot\u0159eba chodit na pravideln\u00e9 kontroly a zda se za uplynul\u00fdch dvacet let n\u011bjak posunuly medikamenty a zdravotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby pro pacienty?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zde z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na typu diabetu. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed se dva hlavn\u00ed typy diabetu, a to typ 1 a 2. U diabetu mellitu 1. typu je \u00fapln\u00e1 absence vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed inzulinu Langerhansov\u00fdmi ostr\u016fvky, nej\u010dast\u011bji na podklad\u011b autoimunitn\u00ed inzulitidy (z\u00e1n\u011btem). Tito jedinci jsou pak celo\u017eivotn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00ed na zevn\u00ed dod\u00e1vce inzulinu. Tento typ diabetu postihuje zejm\u00e9na d\u011bti a adolescenty, v\u00fdjimkou nejsou ani dosp\u011bl\u00ed. Pacienti mus\u00ed dodr\u017eovat pravidelnost v aplikaci inzulinu, prov\u00e1d\u011bt pravideln\u011b selfmonitoring \u2013 sebekontrolu glyk\u00e9mi\u00ed (hladiny cukru), pravideln\u011b se stravovat a prov\u00e1d\u011bt pravideln\u00e9 kontroly mo\u017en\u00fdch pozdn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed (o\u010dn\u00ed, ledvinn\u00e9, doln\u00edch kon\u010detin a dal\u0161\u00edch). D\u00e1le je nezbytn\u011b nutn\u00e9, aby v\u010das rozpoznali projevy hypoglyk\u00e9mie. Jde o t\u0159es, pocen\u00ed, m\u017eitky p\u0159ed o\u010dima, celkovou slabost. Stav m\u016f\u017ee kon\u010dit a\u017e bezv\u011bdom\u00edm. Pravideln\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva u diabetologa je nezbytn\u00e1, frekvence z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na spolupr\u00e1ci pacienta a stupni kompenzace nemoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U diabetu mellitu 2. typu se jedn\u00e1 o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Pacienti v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nespolupracuj\u00ed, proto\u017ee cukrovka na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u201enebol\u00ed\u201c. K n\u00e1m do ordinace p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1hodn\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch hyperglykemi\u00edch (vysok\u00e1 hladina cukru v krvi), m\u00e1lokdy pro projevy ji\u017e rozvinut\u00e9ho diabetu. Tito pacienti tak\u00e9 \u010dasto po stabilizaci stavu p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed chodit na pravideln\u00e9 kontroly k diabetologovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Za posledn\u00edch dvacet let se p\u00e9\u010de o diabetiky velice posunula d\u00edky modern\u00edm mo\u017enostem l\u00e9\u010dby a st\u00e1le dokonalej\u0161\u00edm pom\u016fck\u00e1m jako jsou glukometry, inzulinov\u00e9 pumpy, senzory, ale i mo\u017enostmi v transplanta\u010dn\u00ed oblasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
denik.cz<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/pr.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V r\u00e1mci na\u0161eho pravideln\u00e9ho seri\u00e1lu Na slov\u00ed\u010dko s l\u00e9ka\u0159em EUC Kliniky tentokr\u00e1t odpov\u00eddala MUDr. Libu\u0161e Hrdli\u010dkov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed na odd\u011blen\u00ed diabetologie. Zaj\u00edmalo n\u00e1s, jak\u00e9 zm\u011bny […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36399\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}