A kdy\u017e bylo p\u0159ed kostelem, h\u00e1dala se du\u0161e s t\u011blem \u2013 tak se\nzp\u00edv\u00e1 v n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 staro\u010desk\u00e9 balad\u011b o konfliktu du\u0161e a t\u011bla. Tento konflikt v\u0161ak\nneprob\u00edh\u00e1 jen v posledn\u00ed hodin\u011b byt\u00ed, ale u n\u011bkter\u00fdch doslova od narozen\u00ed.\nDefinice tohoto pojmu se stejn\u011b jako definice zdrav\u00ed m\u011bnila vlivem doby,\nprost\u0159ed\u00ed ale i vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm. Kdysi byla projevem kouzel, \u010di nep\u0159\u00edzn\u011b boh\u016f a dnes\nm\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako zdrav\u00ed biopsychosoci\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u017e 20. stolet\u00ed tomuto pojmu v\u011bnovalo n\u00e1le\u017eitou pozornost a\nto d\u00edky renomovan\u00fdm psycholog\u016fm a psychiatr\u016fm, jak\u00fdmi byli nap\u0159\u00edklad rakousk\u00fd\nl\u00e9ka\u0159 a \u0161kolitel Zikmunda Freuda Josef Breuer, praotec psychoanal\u00fdzy,\nrespektive terapie mluven\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sigmund Freud my\u0161lenky sv\u00e9ho u\u010ditele a p\u0159\u00edtele v\u00fdrazn\u011b\nroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il. Na v\u00fdvoji psychosomatiky m\u011bli z\u00e1sluhy i mnoz\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b v \u010cesku\nvystudovan\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e Hanse Selyema, kter\u00fd se v\u011bnoval stresov\u00e9 reakci organismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S pojmem psychosomatick\u00e9 poruchy se dnes setk\u00e1v\u00e1me \u010dasto. Na\not\u00e1zku, zda se nejedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdmysl dobov\u00fdch trend\u016f a jak \u010dasto se s t\u00edmto\nprobl\u00e9mem pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed d\u011bti, odpov\u011bd\u011bl renomovan\u00fd d\u011btsk\u00fd psychiatr a psychoterapeut\nV\u00edt\u011bzslav Kou\u0159il: \u201eSetk\u00e1v\u00e1m se s t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem \u010dasto, ale tak\u00e9 \u010dasto to nen\u00ed\np\u0159ijato okol\u00edm pacienta. Samotn\u00ed rodi\u010de \u010dasto hovo\u0159\u00ed \u201eTi dokto\u0159i si s t\u00edm nev\u00ed\nrady, po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u00edt\u011b nevy\u0161et\u0159ili a tak z n\u011bj d\u011blaj\u00ed bl\u00e1zna.\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jin\u00e1 situace je, kdy\u017e je z jejich pohledu zn\u00e1m vin\u00edk, t\u0159eba\nexman\u017eel, zasedl\u00e1 u\u010ditelka a d\u00edt\u011b je ob\u011bt\u00ed. Pak je to jasn\u00e9 a m\u011blo by se to\n\u0159e\u0161it. Je mi l\u00edto, ale psychosomatika existuje a je spojen\u00e1 hlavn\u011b s emocemi. I\nmy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me b\u011b\u017en\u011b psychosomatick\u00fd slovn\u00edk – z n\u011b\u010deho je n\u00e1m na zvracen\u00ed, n\u011bco\nn\u00e1m leze krkem. On za\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed trakt od za\u010d\u00e1tku a\u017e po konec je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm\nrejdi\u0161t\u011bm psychosomatick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nejh\u016f\u0159e p\u016fsob\u00ed situace a emoce, kter\u00e9 neum\u00edme, nebo nem\u016f\u017eeme\n\u0159e\u0161it, tedy jsme bezmocn\u00ed. Pak za\u010dnou hovo\u0159it t\u011blesn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, „druh\u00fd jazyk\nemoc\u00ed.“ Pro \u017eivot, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b partnersk\u00fd, bych doporu\u010dil si zapamatovat\n\u00faslov\u00ed “ nemoc je \u010dasto bezmoc“. Uva\u017eovat, \u017ee ten zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b nemocn\u00fd\n\u010dlov\u011bk nen\u00ed simulant, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 uv\u00edzl ve slep\u00e9 uli\u010dce.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du\u0161e str\u016fjcem nemoci<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V dob\u00e1ch, kdy je\u0161t\u011b na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 vesele tan\u010dili kolem\nzap\u00e1len\u00fdch hranic s h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edky, rod\u00edc\u00ed se medic\u00edna vzala za vd\u011bk doporu\u010den\u00edm Ren\u00e9\nDescarta, aby \u010dlov\u011bka pojala jako rozumn\u00fd stroj a du\u0161i ponechala v rukou c\u00edrkve\na filozofie. Medic\u00edna zalo\u017een\u00e1 na d\u016fkazech \u010dlov\u011bka vn\u00edm\u00e1 jen jako biologick\u00fd\nobjekt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Du\u0161e, v\u010detn\u011b emoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 d\u011bje, z\u016fstala\nmimo jej\u00edho z\u00e1jmu. Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch definic\u00ed m\u00e1 choroba toti\u017e sv\u016fj z\u00e1klad,\npr\u016fb\u011bh a konec. A tak i mnoho l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f dodnes tomuto probl\u00e9mu nev\u011bnuje pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Publikace pro l\u00e9ka\u0159e z roku 2005 uv\u00e1d\u00ed:\n„Psychosomatick\u00e9 poruchy v\u010detn\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sky nevysv\u011btliteln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, dnes\ntvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou klientelu praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f. P\u0159\u00edstup k t\u011bmto pacient\u016fm ve\nv\u0161eobecn\u00fdch prax\u00edch je variabiln\u00ed; \u010dasto nen\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed, nevede ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed a\nnep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pacient\u016fm pot\u0159ebnou podporu. To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nejen zbyte\u010dn\u011b vynalo\u017een\u00e9\nn\u00e1klady na diagnostiku a l\u00e9\u010dbu, ale i frustraci l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a pacient\u016f.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V praxi nen\u00ed br\u00e1n dostate\u010dn\u00fd z\u0159etel na komplexn\u00ed\nbiopsychosoci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup ke zp\u016fsobu jejich ston\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159itom je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u010dasto\nsituaci zlep\u0161it zm\u011bnou p\u0159\u00edstupu zdravotnick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, jak prok\u00e1zaly\nzahrani\u010dn\u00ed i \u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 projekty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Psychosomatick\u00e9 poruchy u d\u011bt\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na internetu se objevuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hlouposti, nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee\npostihuj\u00ed hlavn\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00e9 introverty, co nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sami sebe. Pr\u00e1v\u011b naopak – tyto\npot\u00ed\u017ee se mohou objevit u kohokoliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eVelmi \u010dasto postihuj\u00ed usilovn\u00e9, racion\u00e1ln\u00ed lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed si\nnedok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159ipustit, \u017ee maj\u00ed psychick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a p\u0159ipust\u00ed si pouze bolesti\nhlavy, z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159ev nebo srde\u010dn\u00ed arytmii. V zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s emocemi jsou taky\nbezmocn\u00ed. Psychosomatick\u00e9 poruchy u d\u011bt\u00ed jsou \u010dast\u00e9, nebo\u0165 maj\u00ed omezenou\nmo\u017enost \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my – jak svoje, nebo rodiny vzhledem k v\u011bku, \u017eivotn\u00ed\nzku\u0161enosti, nebo p\u0159\u00edstupu rodi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cesta do pekel \u017ea\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00fdroky „on je je\u0161t\u011b mal\u00fd, nem\u00e1 z\ntoho rozum“, nebo „ale v\u017edy\u0165 se nic ned\u011bje,\u201c ale d\u00edt\u011b vid\u00ed, \u017ee se\nopravdu n\u011bco d\u011bje. Tak maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b s n\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1d\nchod\u00ed po doktorech,\u201c vysv\u011btluje V\u00edt\u011bzslav Kou\u0159il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rodi\u010de by si m\u011bli s d\u011btmi p\u011bstovat takov\u00fd vztah, kde se d\u00edt\u011b\nm\u016f\u017ee se v\u0161\u00edm sv\u011b\u0159it, nab\u00e1dat je k tomu nen\u00e1silnou formou, proto\u017ee nez\u00e1jem,\nignorace nebo dokonce p\u0159ehnan\u011b autoritativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, m\u016f\u017ee probl\u00e9my jen\nzhor\u0161ovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eDo ambulance se n\u00e1m dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed i d\u011bti p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho v\u011bku,\npot\u00ed\u017ee maj\u00ed v podstat\u011b stejn\u00e9, jako \u0161kol\u00e1ci, nejv\u00edce ADHD, kter\u00e9 se projevuje\njako probl\u00e9m doma i ve \u0161kolce. A hned na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b jsou to \u00fazkostn\u00e9 poruchy,\nv\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, co se projevuj\u00ed jako t\u011blesn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee (psychosomatika) obvykle j\u00eddlo,\nsp\u00e1nek, bolesti hlavy a b\u0159icha, pot\u00ed\u017ee s udr\u017een\u00edm mo\u010di a stolice,\u201c sd\u011blil\nrenomovan\u00fd d\u011btsk\u00fd psychiatr a psychoterapeut V\u00edt\u011bzslav Kou\u0159il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cesta k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u011bkter\u00e9 choroby 20. stolet\u00ed mohou m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edmou souvislost s\npsychosomatick\u00fdmi poruchami. Kdy\u017e se nepodchyt\u00ed v\u010das a nic se s nimi ned\u011bl\u00e1,\nm\u016f\u017eou zp\u016fsobovat v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 fyziologick\u00e9 a metabolick\u00e9 poruchy a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu k\npropuknut\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Crohnova nemoc, kdysi ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako\n\u201enemoc stresovan\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o chronick\u00fd, nespecifick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt za\u017e\u00edvac\u00edho\ntraktu, dodnes nen\u00ed jasn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina jen souhrn faktor\u016f, kter\u00fd k jej\u00edmu propuknut\u00ed\np\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1. Nemoc \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00ed operacemi a invalidn\u00edm d\u016fchodem v rann\u011b\nproduktivn\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Psychosomatick\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m \u010dasto nev\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost nejen\nl\u00e9ka\u0159i a rodi\u010de, ale tak\u00e9 u\u010ditel\u00e9 a spole\u010dnost. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed se minim\u00e1ln\u011b\nposledn\u00edch dvacet let postupn\u011b rozv\u00edj\u00ed psychosomatick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f,\npodporovan\u00fd semin\u00e1\u0159i a mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdcviku, snad to k n\u011b\u010demu bude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eKdy\u017e mi byla diagnostikovan\u00e1 Crohnova nemoc, bylo mi 19\nlet. V nemocnici mne tr\u00e1pili l\u00e9\u010dbou symptom\u016f a omyly v diagn\u00f3ze zhruba t\u0159i a\np\u016fl roku, proto\u017ee byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b Crohnova nemoc velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e1. Padaly diagn\u00f3zy\njako an\u00e9mie, leuk\u00e9mie, rakovina. Z\u00e1n\u011bt za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i u mne brali jen jako\nn\u00e1sledek a mnoho l\u00e9k\u016f a vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161e jen zhor\u0161ovalo. Po t\u0159ech letech jsem\nzhubnul v\u00edce jak 50 kg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve \u0161kole jsem byl pro t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho za fe\u0165\u00e1ka, proto\u017ee mi brali\nkrev n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b a nitro\u017eiln\u011b jsem dost\u00e1val \u017eelezo, co\u017e je na \u017e\u00edl\u00e1ch\nvid\u011bt. P\u0159i celo\u017eivotn\u00ed diet\u011b, siln\u00e9 v\u016fli, sebeovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a tro\u0161e \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, je tato\nnemoc sice omezuj\u00edc\u00ed, ale zvladateln\u00e1. Ty prvn\u00ed roky bolest\u00ed, pokus\u016f, temn\u00fdch\ndiagn\u00f3z a nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed bych ale nep\u0159\u00e1l ani nejhor\u0161\u00edmu nep\u0159\u00edteli. A\nbyly momenty, kdy jsem to u\u017e cht\u011bl m\u00edt za sebou jak\u00fdmkoliv zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u011bl jsem obrovsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed na gastroenterologa, pana MuDr.\nDa\u0148ka, kter\u00fd mi doslova zachr\u00e1nil \u017eivot a prakticky na \u010derno mne dostal do\nnemocnice v Brn\u011b, pod k\u0159\u00eddla doktor\u016f D\u00edt\u011bte a V\u00e1lka. Tito t\u0159i and\u011bl\u00e9 m\u011b doslova\nvzk\u0159\u00edsili k \u017eivotu, za co\u017e jim budu nav\u017edy vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed doktork\u00e1m \u010cern\u00e9 a Dokoupilov\u00e9, kter\u00e9\nto roky se mnou nevzd\u00e1valy, podporovaly mne a ne\u00fanavn\u011b hledaly \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. D\u00edky nim\na podpo\u0159e rodiny, mohu dodnes plnohodnotn\u011b \u017e\u00edt pouze s dietetick\u00fdm omezen\u00edm, na\nrozd\u00edl od p\u0159\u00e1tel, kte\u0159\u00ed skon\u010dili v mladosti s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi komplikacemi, operacemi,\nv depresi a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed i sebevra\u017edou,\u201c prozradil sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti Radim \u010c., \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed s\ntouto diagn\u00f3zou p\u0159es dvacet let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Radim \u010cern\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Den\u00edk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A kdy\u017e bylo p\u0159ed kostelem, h\u00e1dala se du\u0161e s t\u011blem \u2013 tak se zp\u00edv\u00e1 v n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 staro\u010desk\u00e9 balad\u011b o konfliktu du\u0161e a t\u011bla. Tento konflikt […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36654"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36654\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}