Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bu\u0148ky rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed vrta\u010dky, kter\u00e9 pronikaj\u00ed do zdrav\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se tak po t\u011ble. Lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd Institut pro v\u00fdzkum rakoviny v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed dok\u00e1zal jejich gen izolovat. To zvy\u0161uje nad\u011bji na nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby l\u00e9\u010dby melanomu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u011bdci vyu\u017eili k rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tvorby vrt\u00e1k\u016f bu\u0148kami melanomu takzvanou robotickou mikroskopii. N\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky laboratorn\u011b vyp\u011bstovali v 3D materi\u00e1lu podobn\u00e9mu k\u016f\u017ei. Vrt\u00e1ky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed n\u00e1doru p\u0159ichytit se a pror\u00e1\u017eet otvory do okoln\u00edch bun\u011bk, tk\u00e1n\u00ed a org\u00e1n\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje rakovin\u011b p\u0159esunout se mimo m\u00edsto, kde se vznikla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v \u010dasopise iScience popsali, jak vypnut\u00ed genu ARHGEF9 v melanomov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch destabilizovalo molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed vrta\u010dky. Rakovina se tak ji\u017e nemohla p\u0159ipojit a zavrtat do sousedn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eJe to poprv\u00e9, co byl tento typ zm\u011bny bun\u011bk spojen s jak\u00fdmkoli typem metastazuj\u00edc\u00edho karcinomu,\u201c uvedl pro den\u00edk The Guardian profesor morfodynamiky rakoviny na Institutu pro v\u00fdzkum rakoviny v Lond\u00fdn\u011b Chris Bakal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159evratn\u00fd objev vzbuzuje nad\u011bji na nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby l\u00e9\u010dby melanomu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f rakoviny, jako je neuroblastom, kter\u00e9 se mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. A\u010dkoli mutace v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9m genu ARHGEF9 jsou spojov\u00e1ny s celou \u0159adou neurologick\u00fdch poruch, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento gen je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed b\u011bhem ran\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje \u010dlov\u011bka ne\u017e v dosp\u011blosti. Pokud tomu tak je, mohl by v\u00fdvoj l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 gen inhibuj\u00ed, tedy sni\u017euj\u00ed jeho aktivitu, zablokovat \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed melanomu bez z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. \u201eDomn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee odzbrojen\u00ed vrta\u010dky bude m\u00edt pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl Bakal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u0161ak, \u017ee tento postup nebude vhodn\u00fd pro v\u0161echny melanomy. Ov\u0161em vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee gen je vysoce aktivn\u00ed v metastatick\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch a m\u00e9n\u011b v norm\u00e1ln\u00edch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch, l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 se na n\u011bj zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed, by mohly b\u00fdt v\u00edce zac\u00edlen\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di rakovinov\u00e9 bu\u0148ce a tedy m\u00e9n\u011b toxick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Otev\u0159en\u00e1 cesta pro pochopen\u00ed rakoviny<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u011bdec spolu s kolegy vyp\u011bstoval bu\u0148ky melanomu v 3D matrici bohat\u00e9 na kolagen, co\u017e je jeden z hlavn\u00edch protein\u016f nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v k\u016f\u017ei. T\u00edm, \u017ee v rakovinn\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch postupn\u011b vyp\u00ednali jednotliv\u00e9 geny, p\u0159i\u0161li na gen ARHGEF9, kter\u00fd byl pro tvorbu molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch vrta\u010dek kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento gen se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve v\u0161ech lidsk\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. U dosp\u011bl\u00fdch se v\u0161ak zap\u00edn\u00e1 pouze v mozkov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch, aby jim pomohl vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed. Mnohem d\u0159\u00edve ve v\u00fdvoji \u010dlov\u011bka tento gen umo\u017e\u0148uje neuron\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed struktury podobn\u00e9 vrt\u00e1k\u016fm, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed t\u011bmto bu\u0148k\u00e1m \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se t\u011blem a propojovat nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee tato pr\u00e1ce otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k budouc\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed rakoviny. \u201eV kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku by mohla zm\u011bnit n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a n\u00e1dory. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o interakci neuron\u016f ve velk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed mozek, komunikuj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm neurotransmiter\u016f, a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed tak informace elektrick\u00fdm proudem,\u201c vysv\u011btlil Guardianu Bakal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eNa\u0161e pr\u00e1ce ukazuje, \u017ee mnoho rakovinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto s\u00edt\u00ed jednat podobn\u011b a \u017ee n\u00e1dory mohou b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 podobn\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 s\u00edti. Vrt\u00e1ky nebo senzory, kter\u00e9 jsme zde identifikovali, by mohly b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak se rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky do t\u00e9to s\u00edt\u011b zapojuj\u00ed a p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed si informace,\u201c dodal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v laborato\u0159i toti\u017e nazna\u010dily, \u017ee rakovinov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky jsou elektricky velmi aktivn\u00ed. Doktor Sam Godfrey z britsk\u00e9 organizace Cancer Research UK uvedl, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky jsou povzbudiv\u00e9. \u201eTato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed umo\u017en\u00ed, aby se budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum zam\u011b\u0159il na roli tohoto faktoru nejen u melanomu ale tak\u00e9, zda by n\u00e1m mohl pomoci porazit tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy rakoviny postihuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bti a mlad\u00e9 lidi,\u201c \u0159ekl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rakovina k\u016f\u017ee u \u010cech\u016f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Podle statistiky ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed je melanom sedm\u00fd nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dor v \u010cR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Po\u010dty posti\u017een\u00fdch st\u00e1le rostou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Ro\u010dn\u011b zem\u0159e na zhoubn\u00fd melanom k\u016f\u017ee 340 a\u017e 400 osob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Mezi p\u0159\u00edznaky rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed asymetrick\u00e1 skvrna, neostr\u00e9 ohrani\u010den\u00ed nebo nepravideln\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky vyb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed ze znam\u00e9nka, tmav\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e1 a\u017e \u010dern\u00e1 barva znam\u00e9nka \u010di jeho r\u016fst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Prevenc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu slunci mezi 11. a 15. hodinou, no\u0161en\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edch br\u00fdl\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161irokospektr\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f alespo\u0148 20 minut p\u0159ed pobytem na slunci a jejich pravideln\u00e1 aplikace, ochrana p\u0159ed sluncem i ve vod\u011b, na hor\u00e1ch pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159\u00edpravky s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ochrann\u00fdm faktorem, a d\u011bti do jednoho roku nevystavovat slune\u010dn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
– Pro l\u00e9\u010dbu rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee se uplat\u0148uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chirurgick\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1doru, u men\u0161\u00edch lo\u017eisek pomoc\u00ed laseru nebo mrazen\u00edm. V\u00fdznamnou roli m\u00e1 i radioterapie, u metast\u00e1zov\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 chemoterapie. U vybran\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f melanomu nastupuje i c\u00edlen\u00e1, biologick\u00e1, imunitn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tom\u00e1\u0161 Rosa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010ceskobud\u011bjovick\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/ceskobudejovicky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bu\u0148ky rakoviny k\u016f\u017ee molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed vrta\u010dky, kter\u00e9 pronikaj\u00ed do zdrav\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se tak po t\u011ble. Lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd Institut pro v\u00fdzkum rakoviny […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24987,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37896\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/24987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}