{"id":3839,"date":"2013-05-27T11:46:22","date_gmt":"2013-05-27T09:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=3839"},"modified":"2013-05-28T10:53:37","modified_gmt":"2013-05-28T08:53:37","slug":"jak-se-chranit-proti-nejcastejsi-nemoci-starnoucich-oci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=3839","title":{"rendered":"Jak se chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed nemoc\u00ed st\u00e1rnouc\u00edch o\u010d\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace s\u00edtnice je u lid\u00ed nad 65 let nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou praktick\u00e9 slepoty. Mnohdy se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 projevovat u\u017e po pades\u00e1tce. P\u0159esto ji v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed nezn\u00e1. Jak se proti n\u00ed br\u00e1nit a udr\u017eet si zrak co nejd\u00e9le?\u00a0 Jak m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit svoje o\u010di?<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u0159i makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degeneraci s\u00edtnice doch\u00e1z\u00ed k odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed zrakov\u00fdch bun\u011bk v oblasti makuly, tedy \u017elut\u00e9 skvrny na s\u00edtnici. Ta je centrem ostr\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed. „Nemocn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk sice \u00fapln\u011b neoslepne, ale v pokro\u010dil\u00fdch stadi\u00edch vid\u00ed tak \u0161patn\u011b, \u017ee ho to t\u011b\u017ece invalidizuje,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Jan Studni\u010dka, PhD., z O\u010dn\u00ed kliniky Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. „Nem\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00edst, pracovat na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, sledovat televizi ani \u0159\u00eddit auto. Pozd\u011bji nerozezn\u00e1v\u00e1 ani r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, barvy nebo tv\u00e1\u0159e bl\u00edzk\u00fdch lid\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e p\u0159ijdete pozd\u011b, m\u00edv\u00e1 to drsn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky<\/strong><\/p>\n

O\u010dn\u00ed specialist\u00e9 zat\u00edm neum\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bkem podm\u00edn\u011bnou makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degeneraci s\u00edtnice (VPMD) vyl\u00e9\u010dit, ale dovedou ji u v\u011bt\u0161iny pacient\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159ibrzdit nebo na ur\u010ditou dobu dokonce zastavit jej\u00ed rozvoj. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko hroz\u00ed t\u011bm, u kter\u00fdch se nemoc objevila v rodin\u011b. Roli ale hraje i postupuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bk. Po \u0161edes\u00e1tce m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e9 projevy tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dtvrtina lid\u00ed, po sedmdes\u00e1tce t\u0159etina, mezi osmdes\u00e1tn\u00edky u\u017e cel\u00e1 polovina.<\/p>\n

Zachr\u00e1nit, co se zachr\u00e1nit d\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e l\u00e9ka\u0159i zachyt\u00ed VPMD v\u010das, maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161anci \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji pomoci a v maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e zachovat nemocn\u00e9mu zrak, a tedy i kvalitn\u00ed \u017eivot. D\u00edky nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm l\u00e9k\u016fm a laser\u016fm. Smysl m\u00e1 v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee se poda\u0159\u00ed zm\u00edrnit rizikov\u00e9 faktory.<\/p>\n

Co to znamen\u00e1?<\/em><\/p>\n

Efektivn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit vysok\u00fd cholesterol. Ale ud\u011blat i dal\u0161\u00ed kroky, kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159ibrzdit kornat\u011bn\u00ed c\u00e9v: p\u0159estat s kou\u0159en\u00edm, shodit nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1 kila, sportovat, cvi\u010dit nebo se pravideln\u011b v\u011bnovat aktivn\u00edmu pohybu atd.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prevence je tak\u00e9 ochrana o\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ed ostr\u00fdm slune\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btlem, tedy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed br\u00fdl\u00ed s UV filtrem.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

Potraviny, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed hodn\u011b luteinu a zeaxantinu:<\/strong>
\nKoncentrace v mg\/100g
\nkapusta 39,6
\nzel\u00ed 16,3
\n\u0161pen\u00e1t 12,2
\nsal\u00e1t 2,3
\nr\u016f\u017ei\u010dkov\u00e1 kapusta 1,6
\nbrokolice 1,2
\nkuku\u0159ice 0,6<\/p>\n

Vitam\u00edny a karotenoidy sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko choroby<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prevence by m\u011bla b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 strava obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed: 1. vitam\u00edn C (rakytn\u00edk, \u0161\u00edpek nebo citrusy), 2. vitam\u00edn E (p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dky nebo olej z nich, rostlinn\u00e9 oleje, m\u00e1slo, ml\u00e9ko, o\u0159echy, listov\u00e1 zelenina), 3. vitam\u00edn A (ryb\u00ed tuk, \u017eloutky, vaj\u00ed\u010dka, vnit\u0159nosti, zelenina s karotenoidy), 4. miner\u00e1l zinek (tmav\u00e9 maso, ml\u00e9ko, fazole, j\u00e1tra). Pokud konzumujeme dostatek t\u011bchto zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tek s antioxida\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky, zmen\u0161\u00edme podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f riziko vzniku choroby o 25 %, podle jin\u00fdch dokonce o 35 %.<\/p>\n

J\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek bohat\u00fd na karotenoidy, zejm\u00e9na lutein a zeaxantin, sni\u017euje podle studie EDCC zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 riziko o 43 %. P\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch v p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch (6 mg denn\u011b) a\u017e o 57 %. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd i proto, \u017ee s v\u011bkem p\u0159irozen\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b hustoty makul\u00e1rn\u00edho pigmentu ve \u017elut\u00e9 skvrn\u011b oka. Tento jev v\u0161ak b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u lid\u00ed s VPMD.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci to d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do souvislosti se sn\u00ed\u017eenou hladinou luteinu a zeaxantinu v krvi. A naopak, p\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed 10 mg luteinu denn\u011b se zv\u00fd\u0161ila b\u011bhem jednoho roku hustota makul\u00e1rn\u00edho pigmentu o 36 %, p\u0159i kombinaci t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky s antioxidanty o 43 % (studie LAST).<\/p>\n

Smysl m\u00e1 i konzumace v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed tu\u010dn\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ryb, ln\u011bn\u00e9ho sem\u00ednka, \u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje nebo mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0159as. Obsahuj\u00ed hodn\u011b omega-3 polynenasycen\u00fdch mastn\u00fdch kyselin. Jednou z nich je l\u00e1tka ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako DHA. Ta brzd\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed fotoreceptor\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161patn\u00e9 prokrven\u00ed s\u00edtnice.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u011bkem podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace<\/strong> (VPMD) tr\u00e1p\u00ed v \u010cR zhruba p\u016fl mili\u00f3nu lid\u00ed. U posti\u017een\u00fdch nad 65 let b\u00fdv\u00e1 nejobvyklej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou praktick\u00e9 slepoty. P\u0159esto ji v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed nezn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1va\u017enost leh\u010d\u00ed formy VPMD srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed odborn\u00edci s probl\u00e9my, jak\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 a\u017e t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 nedokrvov\u00e1n\u00ed srdce, tedy angina pectoris. Pacienti se st\u0159edn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017enou makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerac\u00ed jsou na tom podobn\u011b jako lid\u00e9 s nemocn\u00fdmi ledvinami, kte\u0159\u00ed mus\u00ed chodit na dial\u00fdzu, tedy na odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zplodin l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny pomoc\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 ledviny.<\/p>\n

U nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed formy VPMD se v\u0161edn\u00ed den posti\u017een\u00fdch podob\u00e1 \u017eivotu t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou po mozkov\u00e9 mrtvici trvale upout\u00e1ni na l\u016f\u017eko a pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di o\u0161et\u0159ovatelky. Jde tedy o velmi v\u00e1\u017enou nemoc, kterou nelze podce\u0148ovat.<\/p>\n

Pohl\u00eddat si typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jej\u00edm typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edznakem b\u00fdv\u00e1 hor\u0161\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed za soumraku a za tmy nebo pocit \u0161patn\u00e9ho osv\u011btlen\u00ed v m\u00edstnosti. Posti\u017een\u00ed \u010dasto nevn\u00edmaj\u00ed barvy tak jasn\u011b jako d\u0159\u00edv nebo maj\u00ed dojem, \u017ee u\u017e nevid\u00ed v\u011bci tak kontrastn\u011b. Tak\u00e9 se jim n\u011bkdy za\u010dnou vlnit rovn\u00e9 linky \u010di linie v\u011bc\u00ed nebo jim p\u0159ipadaj\u00ed zaoblen\u00e9. \u010casto si toho mohou v\u0161imnout t\u0159eba p\u0159i lu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovek.<\/p>\n

„Jindy m\u00edvaj\u00ed probl\u00e9m, aby zaost\u0159ili na st\u0159ed str\u00e1nky,“ p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 MUDr. Studni\u010dka. „V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se jim zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt prost\u0159edek obrazu zaml\u017een\u00fd nebo dokonce tmav\u00fd.“ Tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky signalizuj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee.
\nPosti\u017een\u00ed si jich \u010dasto nev\u0161imnou d\u0159\u00edv, proto\u017ee se zhor\u0161uj\u00ed pomalu a chv\u00edli trv\u00e1, ne\u017e si je posti\u017een\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk uv\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n

invArena<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace s\u00edtnice je u lid\u00ed nad 65 let nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou praktick\u00e9 slepoty. Mnohdy se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 projevovat u\u017e po pades\u00e1tce. P\u0159esto ji v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed nezn\u00e1. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3839","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3839"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3839\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}