Ochrnut\u00fd mu\u017e je d\u00edky elektronick\u00fdm mozkov\u00fdm implant\u00e1t\u016fm schopen chodit pouh\u00fdm projevem v\u016fle mysli. Gert-Jan Oskam, 40let\u00fd Nizozemec, ochrnul p\u0159ed 12 lety p\u0159i nehod\u011b na kole. Elektronick\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty bezdr\u00e1tov\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed jeho my\u0161lenky do nohou a chodidel prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm druh\u00e9ho implant\u00e1tu v p\u00e1te\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9m je zat\u00edm v experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi, ale p\u0159edn\u00ed britsk\u00e1 charitativn\u00ed organizace zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se l\u00e9\u010dbou \u016fraz\u016f p\u00e1te\u0159e jej ozna\u010dila za „velmi nad\u011bjn\u00fd“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
„P\u0159ipad\u00e1m si jako batole, kter\u00e9 se u\u010d\u00ed znovu chodit,“ \u0159ekl Oskam zpravodajci BBC. Nyn\u00ed se u\u017e um\u00ed postavit a dokonce chodit po schodech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
„Byla to dlouh\u00e1 cesta, ale te\u010f se m\u016f\u017eu postavit a d\u00e1t si s kamar\u00e1dem pivo. Je to radost, kterou si mnoho lid\u00ed ani neuv\u011bdomuje.“
V\u00fdvoj experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn v \u010dasopise Nature, vedli \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci. Profesorka Jocelyne Blochov\u00e1 z univerzity v Lausanne, kter\u00e1 je neurochirurgem prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm jemn\u00e9 operace p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed implant\u00e1t\u016f, zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee syst\u00e9m je st\u00e1le ve f\u00e1zi z\u00e1kladn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, a do doby, ne\u017e bude pln\u011b k dispozici ochrnut\u00fdm pacient\u016fm, zb\u00fdv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b mnoho let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro BBC News v\u0161ak uvedla, \u017ee c\u00edlem t\u00fdmu je dostat jej co nejd\u0159\u00edve z laborato\u0159e na kliniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
„D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro n\u00e1s nen\u00ed jen v\u011bdeck\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed lidem s poran\u011bn\u00edm m\u00edchy, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud od l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f sly\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee si mus\u00ed zvyknout na to, \u017ee se u\u017e nikdy nebudou h\u00fdbat.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Harvey Sihota je v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm \u0159editelem britsk\u00e9 charitativn\u00ed organizace Spinal Research, kter\u00e1 se na v\u00fdzkumu nepod\u00edlela. \u0158ekl, \u017ee a\u010dkoli je p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1 cesta, ne\u017e bude tato technologie v\u0161eobecn\u011b dostupn\u00e1, ozna\u010dil v\u00fdvoj za „velmi nad\u011bjn\u00fd“. „I kdy\u017e je u t\u011bchto technologi\u00ed st\u00e1le co zlep\u0161ovat, jedn\u00e1 se o dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd krok na cest\u011b k vysp\u011bl\u00e9 neurotechnologii a jej\u00ed \u00faloze p\u0159i obnov\u011b funkce a nez\u00e1vislosti na\u0161\u00ed komunity lid\u00ed s poran\u011bn\u00edm m\u00edchy,“ \u0159ekl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gert-Jan byl operov\u00e1n v \u010dervenci 2021. Profesorka Blochov\u00e1 vytvo\u0159ila na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b jeho lebky dva kruhov\u00e9 otvory o pr\u016fm\u011bru 5 cm nad oblastmi mozku, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pohybu. Pot\u00e9 do nich vlo\u017eila dva diskovit\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 bezdr\u00e1tov\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed mozkov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly \u2013 Gert-Janovy voln\u00ed my\u0161lenky \u2013 do dvou senzor\u016f p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00fdch k helm\u011b na jeho hlav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd t\u00fdm vyvinul algoritmus, kter\u00fd tyto sign\u00e1ly p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed na pokyny k pohybu sval\u016f nohou a chodidel prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm druh\u00e9ho implant\u00e1tu zaveden\u00e9ho kolem Gert-Janovy m\u00edchy \u2013 ten prof Blochov\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ipojila k nervov\u00fdm zakon\u010den\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s ch\u016fz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gert-Jan se po n\u011bkolika t\u00fddnech tr\u00e9ninku dok\u00e1zal postavit a chodit s pomoc\u00ed chod\u00edtka. Podle profesora Gr\u00e9goira Courtina z \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale v Lausanne (EPFL), kter\u00fd projekt vedl, je jeho pohyb pomal\u00fd, ale plynul\u00fd. „Vid\u011bt ho chodit tak p\u0159irozen\u011b je dojemn\u00e9,“ \u0159ekl. „Je to zm\u011bna paradigmatu toho, co bylo k dispozici d\u0159\u00edve.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mozkov\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty navazuj\u00ed na d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci profesora Courtina, kdy se k obnoven\u00ed pohybu pou\u017e\u00edval pouze m\u00ed\u0161n\u00ed implant\u00e1t. M\u00ed\u0161n\u00ed implant\u00e1t zesiloval slab\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly z mozku do po\u0161kozen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u00e1te\u0159e a byl d\u00e1le posilov\u00e1n p\u0159edprogramovan\u00fdmi sign\u00e1ly z po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zpravodajsk\u00fd server BBC News informoval o tom, \u017ee v roce 2018 se David M’Zee stal prvn\u00edm pacientem, kter\u00fd byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b l\u00e9\u010den pomoc\u00ed m\u00ed\u0161n\u00edho implant\u00e1tu, a to natolik, \u017ee mohl m\u00edt se svou \u017eenou d\u00edt\u011b, co\u017e d\u0159\u00edve nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce jsme informovali o tom, jak se v d\u016fsledku stejn\u00e9 technologie stal Michel Roccati prvn\u00edm mu\u017eem se zcela p\u0159eru\u0161enou m\u00edchou, kter\u00fd znovu za\u010dal chodit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ob\u011bma to nesm\u00edrn\u011b prosp\u011blo, ale jejich ch\u016fze je p\u0159edem naprogramovan\u00e1 a vypad\u00e1 roboticky. Mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 udr\u017eovat zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 pohyby v souladu s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a mus\u00ed se zastavit a resetovat, pokud vypadnou ze synchronizace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gert-Jan m\u011bl p\u0159ed implantac\u00ed mozku pouze p\u00e1te\u0159n\u00ed implant\u00e1t. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee nyn\u00ed m\u00e1 nad pohyby sv\u00fdch nohou mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrolu. „D\u0159\u00edve jsem m\u011bl pocit, \u017ee syst\u00e9m ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 m\u011b, ale te\u010f ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1m j\u00e1.“ Ani p\u0159edchoz\u00ed, ani nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m v\u0161ak nelze pou\u017e\u00edvat neust\u00e1le. Jsou objemn\u00e9 a st\u00e1le se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pacienti je zat\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen zhruba hodinu n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b v r\u00e1mci rekonvalescence. Akt ch\u016fze tr\u00e9nuje jejich svaly a obnovuje ur\u010dit\u00fd stupe\u0148 pohybu, i kdy\u017e je syst\u00e9m vypnut\u00fd, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee po\u0161kozen\u00e9 nervy mohou nepatrn\u011b dor\u016fstat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je tuto technologii miniaturizovat<\/strong>. Spole\u010dnost Onward Medical, kterou profesor Courtine zalo\u017eil, se sna\u017e\u00ed technologii komercializovat<\/strong>, aby ji lid\u00e9 mohli pou\u017e\u00edvat v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n „U\u017e se to bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 profesor Courtine. „Gert-Jan dostal implant\u00e1t deset let po sv\u00e9 nehod\u011b. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee my jednou budeme aplikovat na\u0161e rozhran\u00ed mezi mozkem a p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed u\u017e n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f po \u00farazu. Potenci\u00e1l pro zotaven\u00ed je obrovsk\u00fd.“<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ochrnut\u00fd mu\u017e je d\u00edky elektronick\u00fdm mozkov\u00fdm implant\u00e1t\u016fm schopen chodit pouh\u00fdm projevem v\u016fle mysli. Gert-Jan Oskam, 40let\u00fd Nizozemec, ochrnul p\u0159ed 12 lety p\u0159i nehod\u011b na kole. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/39810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}