{"id":40358,"date":"2023-06-24T05:28:25","date_gmt":"2023-06-24T03:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=40358"},"modified":"2023-06-24T05:28:27","modified_gmt":"2023-06-24T03:28:27","slug":"bystry-zrak-za-tri-dva-jedna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=40358","title":{"rendered":"Bystr\u00fd zrak za t\u0159i, dva, jedna…"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S rozmachem po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f vstupuje oftalmologie do nov\u00e9ho l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Jen ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech tr\u00e1p\u00ed dalekozrakost 8,4 % populace nad 40 let, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kr\u00e1tkozrakosti \u010d\u00edsla vystoupala na 23,9 % populace. A v\u011bda p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee bude h\u016f\u0159…

2016 Oblast Klatovska sehr\u00e1la z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v patn\u00e1ct let trvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu genu, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed za v\u00e1\u017enou d\u011bdi\u010dnou vadou. Jedn\u00e1 se o zadn\u00ed polymorfn\u00ed dystrofii rohovky, kter\u00e1 a\u010dkoli pat\u0159\u00ed k vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm, v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice j\u00ed trp\u00ed nejv\u00edc lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 v p\u0159epo\u010dtu na po\u010det obyvatel jde o jednoho \u010dlov\u011bka na 100 tis\u00edc. „Pacient \u0161patn\u011b vid\u00ed, nez\u0159\u00eddka mus\u00ed podstoupit transplantaci rohovky a jeho zrak se m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161it a\u017e do \u00fapln\u00e9 slepoty,“ popsala \u010dlenka v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu Petra Li\u0161kov\u00e1. D\u00edky nov\u011b objeven\u00e9mu genu je ale nyn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nemoc pom\u011brn\u011b jednodu\u0161e zjistit z krve a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159enosu na dal\u0161\u00ed generaci. U\u017e ve zkumavce toti\u017e lze embryo otestovat, a n\u00e1sledn\u011b vybrat to, kter\u00e9 mutaci do sv\u00e9 v\u00fdbavy nez\u00edskalo. Co je ale nejv\u00edce zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v\u0161ichni\u00a0posti\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0disponovali stejnou mutac\u00ed od jednoho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka. V\u0161ichni nav\u00edc poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z okol\u00ed Klatov.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2017 Ost\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed zrak se z populace postupn\u011b vytr\u00e1c\u00ed, alespo\u0148 podle studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v odborn\u00e9m \u017eurn\u00e1lu Lancet Global Health. Podle n\u00ed se v roce 2017 na sv\u011bt\u011b poda\u0159ilo napo\u010d\u00edtat 36 milion\u016f\u00a0nevidom\u00fdch<\/strong>\u00a0lid\u00ed, a jejich po\u010det by m\u011bl do poloviny stolet\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b vzr\u016fst \u2013 podle prvn\u00edch predikc\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e 115 milion\u016f. Podobn\u011b raketovou rychlost\u00ed dojde k n\u00e1r\u016fstu \u010d\u00edsel tak\u00e9 u osob se st\u0159edn\u00edm nebo v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm po\u0161kozen\u00edm zraku, a to za stejn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, z 217 milion\u016f na 588 milion\u016f. Za hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu tohoto nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho fenom\u00e9nu ozna\u010dili o\u010dn\u00ed experti rychl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst celosv\u011btov\u00e9 populace, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jej\u00ed st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Za nejv\u00edce zasa\u017een\u00e9 oblasti byly do budoucna ozna\u010deny Asie a Afrika, a to po d\u016fkladn\u00e9 anal\u00fdze \u00fadaj\u016f ze 188 zem\u00ed sv\u011bta. I p\u0159esto po\u010det\u00a0nevidom\u00fdch<\/strong>\u00a0procentu\u00e1ln\u011b kles\u00e1. Zat\u00edmco roku 1990 \u0161lo o 0,75 %, o 25 let pozd\u011bji se jednalo u\u017e o „pouh\u00fdch“ 0,48 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2019 Revoluce v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b zhoubn\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru s\u00edtnice se odehr\u00e1la ve Fakultn\u00ed nemocnici v Motole. Pacientkou byla teprve t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e1 Elenka, kter\u00e9 byl diagnostikov\u00e1n retinoblastom, jeho\u017e \u010d\u00e1sti postihly tak\u00e9 sklivec oka. V sou\u010dasnosti, d\u00edky v\u010dasn\u00e9mu nasazen\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby, 95 % mal\u00fdch pacient\u016f v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice takovou diagn\u00f3zu p\u0159e\u017eije. Nov\u00e1 metoda by ale m\u011bla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost l\u00e9\u010dby zv\u00fd\u0161it. Nejprve dost\u00e1vala pacientka medikaci p\u0159es stehenn\u00ed tepnu, na podzim j\u00ed v\u0161ak byla cytostatika b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kroku vpravena p\u0159\u00edmo do oka, aby ve sklivci do\u0161lo k dostate\u010dn\u00e9 koncentraci l\u00e9\u010div.
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu aplikace museli l\u00e9ka\u0159i prov\u00e9st i n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch krok\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1doru zabr\u00e1nily v r\u016fstu mimo oko. V okam\u017eiku, kdy se toti\u017e n\u00e1dor roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed i mimo „p\u016fvodn\u00ed“ oblast, \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed klesaj\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed, p\u00e1tou injekci, dostala pacientka v prosinci a podle vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed motolsk\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f novinka zabrala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023 V kyjovsk\u00e9 nemocnici na Hodon\u00ednsku je nyn\u00ed operace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu ot\u00e1zkou p\u00e1r minut. P\u0159i samotn\u00e9m z\u00e1kroku toti\u017e zdej\u0161\u00edm odborn\u00edk\u016fm asistuje 3D robotick\u00fd zobrazovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Jedn\u00e1 se o prvn\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b v Evrop\u011b, kter\u00e9 technologii nov\u00e9 generace vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. „Pro pacienta to znamen\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed komfort. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed optika umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed intenzity sv\u011btla b\u011bhem operace. Chirurg nen\u00ed fixov\u00e1n ke klasick\u00e9mu okul\u00e1ru, ale operuje v komfortn\u00ed pozici pomoc\u00ed pasivn\u00edch polariza\u010dn\u00edch br\u00fdl\u00ed,“ popsal prim\u00e1\u0159 o\u010dn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed Nemocnice Kyjov Ev\u017een Fric. Nejen\u017ee p\u0159\u00edstroj poslou\u017e\u00ed ke zp\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e9ho z\u00e1kroku, ale zna\u010dn\u011b zp\u0159\u00edjemn\u00ed i v\u00fduku mlad\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f. D\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm pokroku se moravsk\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b nestalo n\u00e1hodou. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b tu toti\u017e odborn\u00edci z oboru oftalmologie provedou na 2600 chirurgick\u00fdch z\u00e1krok\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e k nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm se \u0159ad\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b refrak\u010dn\u00ed operace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023 V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice trp\u00ed cukrovkou p\u0159es milion jedinc\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b se po\u010det pacient\u016f zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed o zhruba 30 tis\u00edc. Po\u0161kozen\u00e9 o\u010di m\u00e1 dle dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fd des\u00e1t\u00fd pacient. P\u0159i odhalen\u00ed tzv. diabetick\u00e9 retinopatie je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem \u010das. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na v\u010dasnou diagnostiku bez nutnosti n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e se nyn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ili v\u011bdci z Technick\u00e9 univerzity Ostrava. Diabetes toti\u017e pov\u011bt\u0161inou jako prvn\u00ed zachyt\u00ed praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, diabetolog nebo internista. C\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumu je prok\u00e1zat schopnost syst\u00e9mu automaticky vyhodnocovat patologie p\u0159i diabetick\u00e9 retinopatii na obrazov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti oka. Zkouman\u00fd sn\u00edmek nejprve vyhodnot\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed specialist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ur\u010d\u00ed nalezen\u00e9 patologie. N\u00e1sledn\u011b dojde k porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fdsledky syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b algoritmu. Do procesu certifikace by m\u011bl n\u00e1stroj vstoupit ji\u017e v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023 Zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal neboli glaukom je velice nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed vada, kter\u00e1 ale m\u016f\u017ee vy\u00fastit v trval\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed zraku. Toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed toti\u017e postihuje p\u0159edn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed komoru, tj. prostor mezi duhovkou, \u010do\u010dkou a rohovkou, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed tekutiny. Zat\u00edmco u zdrav\u00fdch jedinc\u016f samovoln\u011b odt\u00e9k\u00e1, p\u0159i zelen\u00e9m z\u00e1kalu je tomu p\u0159esn\u011b naopak, co\u017e vede k postupn\u00e9mu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed nitroo\u010dn\u00edho tlaku. Ten p\u016fsob\u00ed na v\u0161echny struktury vnit\u0159n\u00edho oka, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e po\u0161kozuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vl\u00e1kna zrakov\u00e9ho nervu. Z medic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho hlediska se jedn\u00e1 o probl\u00e9m nel\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd, p\u0159i v\u010dasn\u00e9 diagnostice je ale mo\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zpomalit pomoc\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edch kapek, kter\u00e9 tlak sni\u017euj\u00ed. Revolu\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enost ale nyn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed i implant\u00e1ty v podob\u011b miniaturn\u00edch trubi\u010dek de\u0161tn\u00edkovit\u00e9ho tvaru, kter\u00e9 odtok tekutiny zlep\u0161uj\u00ed, a nutnost u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kapek se d\u00edky nim sni\u017euje na minimum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2019 Jmenuje se Janet Osbornov\u00e1 a jej\u00ed diagn\u00f3za zn\u00ed makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace (AMD). Osmdes\u00e1tilet\u00e1 pacientka z Oxfordu se stala prvn\u00ed \u017eenou, kter\u00e1 na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2019 podstoupila p\u0159evratnou l\u00e9\u010dbu, kter\u00e1 by mohla znamenat nad\u011bji pro miliony lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se projevuje p\u0159i such\u00e9 degeneraci rozost\u0159en\u00edm zraku, p\u0159i vlhk\u00e9 degeneraci pacienty tr\u00e1p\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u00ed omezen\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed na d\u00e1lku. V okam\u017eiku, kdy se do hry vlo\u017eila genetika, byl pan\u00ed Osbornov\u00e9 do s\u00edtnice jednoho oka vpraven roztok s um\u011ble vyroben\u00fdm virem, kter\u00fd obsahoval upravenou sekvenci DNA. Ta by m\u011bla podle v\u011bdc\u016f genetickou chybu, je\u017e je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za AMD, opravit. Virus toti\u017e „napadne“ specifick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v s\u00edtnici a n\u00e1sledn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 sekvence DNA tam, kde jsou t\u0159eba. Posl\u00e9ze dojde k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 DNA, kter\u00e1 odstartuje tvorbu proteinu, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl nemoc definitivn\u011b zarazit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2022 T\u011b\u0161\u00ed se z p\u0159\u00edzviska nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed a nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u0158e\u010d je o nov\u00e9m laseru, kter\u00fd operaci o\u010d\u00ed zvl\u00e1dne v rekordn\u00edm \u010dase 10 sekund, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pacient\u016fm i l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm poskytuje zcela novou \u00farove\u0148 komfortu. Novinku prozat\u00edm do sv\u00e9ho nemocni\u010dn\u00edho portfolia v Evrop\u011b za\u0159adilo osm st\u00e1t\u016f. „Operuj\u00ed se s n\u00edm dioptrick\u00e9 vady, kr\u00e1tkozrakost, astigmatismus a velmi brzy i dalekozrakost, kterou do t\u00e9to chv\u00edle ne\u0161lo pomoc\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edstroje operovat,“ p\u0159edstavila prim\u00e1\u0159ka kliniky NeoVize Lucie Vale\u0161ov\u00e1. P\u0159\u00edstroj pracuje na principu „mikro v\u00fdbuch\u016f“, kdy v oku tvo\u0159\u00ed jednu te\u010dku vedle druh\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm\u017e si uvnit\u0159 tk\u00e1n\u00ed ohrani\u010d\u00ed prostor, kter\u00fd chce vy\u0159\u00edznout. D\u00edky tomuto principu mohou l\u00e9ka\u0159i z\u00e1krok prov\u00e1d\u011bt pod povrchem rohovky. I p\u0159esto, \u017ee tato metoda nen\u00ed medic\u00ednsk\u00e9mu sv\u011btu \u00fapln\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00e1, teprve nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj z\u00edskal nov\u00e9 parametry a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychlil, co\u017e pro pacienty znamen\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed komfort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. stolet\u00ed – KAROL\u00cdNA STEINBERGEROV\u00c1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S rozmachem po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f vstupuje oftalmologie do nov\u00e9ho l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Jen ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech tr\u00e1p\u00ed dalekozrakost 8,4 % populace nad 40 let, v […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20406,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40358","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40358","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40358"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40358\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40358"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=40358"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=40358"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}