{"id":42599,"date":"2023-10-03T07:42:08","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T05:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=42599"},"modified":"2023-10-03T07:42:09","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T05:42:09","slug":"vlada-posvetila-hromadne-zaloby-vymahani-prav-ale-neulehcuje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=42599","title":{"rendered":"Vl\u00e1da posv\u011btila hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealoby. Vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v ale neuleh\u010duje"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Klienti zkrachoval\u00fdch dodavatel\u016f energi\u00ed, spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se nachytali na klamavou reklamu, z\u00e1kazn\u00edci, ji\u017e si zakoupili nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdrobek. Ti v\u0161ichni by se mohli sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v dom\u00e1hat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u017ealob. Zat\u00edm to ale vypad\u00e1, \u017ee sp\u00ed\u0161e teoreticky. Z\u00e1kon o\u00a0hromadn\u00e9m vym\u00e1h\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v, kter\u00fd posv\u011btila vl\u00e1da, klade spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm p\u0159i\u00a0uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich n\u00e1rok\u016f pasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hromadn\u00e9&nbsp;<strong>\u017ealoby umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed lidem spojit sv\u00e9 s\u00edly v&nbsp;jednom soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e utrp\u011bli podobn\u00e9 \u0161kody z&nbsp;d\u016fvodu stejn\u00e9ho protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Propojen\u00edm a&nbsp;sdru\u017een\u00edm pod jedn\u00edm subjektem, kter\u00fd jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s&nbsp;vymo\u017een\u00edm pr\u00e1v, doc\u00edl\u00ed mnoha benefit\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ekonomick\u00e1 \u00faspora<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlak na odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 strany<\/strong>: pomoc\u00ed hromadn\u00fdch \u017ealob lze vytvo\u0159it siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tlak na spole\u010dnosti, organizace nebo jednotlivce, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za \u0161kody. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rovn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postaven\u00ed stran<\/strong>: Troufli byste si sami se postavit dodavateli energi\u00ed, velk\u00e9 automobilce \u010di\u00a0tov\u00e1rn\u011b, kter\u00e1 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje okol\u00ed a\u00a0jej\u00ed \u0161\u00e9fov\u00e9 maj\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9 vazby na veden\u00ed obce? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve sv\u011bt\u011b se hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealoby vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed typicky v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch spor\u016f, zne\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, diskriminace na pracovi\u0161ti \u010di\u00a0poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Tedy v\u00a0takov\u00fdch situac\u00edch, kde m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m nebo poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v velk\u00e9 skupiny lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaveden\u00ed hromadn\u00fdch \u017ealob na\u0159izuje \u010cesku evropsk\u00e1 sm\u011brnice z\u00a0roku 2020, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je zv\u00fd\u0161it ochranu spot\u0159ebitel\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Ta stanovila r\u00e1mec, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e m\u011bly \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty do konce \u010dervna 2023 p\u0159ijmout navazuj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. S\u00a0p\u0159ijet\u00edm z\u00e1kona ale vl\u00e1da sp\u00ed\u0161e ot\u00e1lela a\u00a0lh\u016ftu zme\u0161kala. V\u00a0lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce s\u00a0jeho n\u00e1vrhem p\u0159i\u0161lo ministerstvo spravedlnosti. N\u00e1sledn\u011b dost\u00e1l ale zna\u010dn\u00fdch zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 jej z\u00a0pohledu ochrany spot\u0159ebitel\u016f p\u0159em\u011bnily k\u00a0hor\u0161\u00edmu. V\u00a0\u010dem tedy navr\u017een\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"jak-spotrebitelum-nezlepsit-pristup-jejich\">Jak spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm nezlep\u0161it p\u0159\u00edstup jejich k&nbsp;pr\u00e1v\u016fm?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed z\u00e1kona je, \u017ee&nbsp;<strong>hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealoby mohou pod\u00e1vat pouze spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace<\/strong>. A&nbsp;dokonce pouze ty, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed na trhu nem\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bt let. Takov\u00fdch organizac\u00ed ale p\u016fsob\u00ed v&nbsp;\u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed velmi m\u00e1lo a&nbsp;nelze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee budou m\u00edt kapacity se v\u0161ech po\u0161kozen\u00fdch zastat. Nav\u00edc zde sice p\u016fsob\u00ed \u010dasto kvalitn\u00ed a&nbsp;erudovan\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci teoretici, kte\u0159\u00ed ale nejsou (a&nbsp;ani nemohou b\u00fdt) p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zb\u011bhl\u00ed v&nbsp;procesn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu, tedy ve znalosti soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.&nbsp;<strong>Jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b je p\u0159itom b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee si spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 mohou sami zvolit subjekt, kter\u00fd je bude zastupovat<\/strong>, typicky advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00e9 omezen\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm se budou moci lid\u00e9 k&nbsp;hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealob\u011b p\u0159ipojit.&nbsp;<strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed klienti se toti\u017e budou muset sami aktivn\u011b p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit.&nbsp;<\/strong>Znamen\u00e1 to tedy sledovat zpr\u00e1vy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se dan\u00e9 problematiky, zaznamenat, \u017ee se chyst\u00e1 hromadn\u00e1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/zaloba\">\u017ealoba<\/a>&nbsp;a&nbsp;p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit se k&nbsp;n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 podoba z\u00e1kona nav\u00edc zkracuje dobu, ji\u017e maj\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed klienti pro p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k&nbsp;\u017ealob\u011b na \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ze strany spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace tak bude muset b\u00fdt vyvinuto mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed na zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed a&nbsp;vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kauzy. Zva\u017eovanou alternativou by bylo, kdyby byli do \u017ealoby zahrnuti automaticky v\u0161ichni posti\u017een\u00ed klienti a&nbsp;pokud by o&nbsp;spor nem\u011bli z\u00e1jem, mohli by se odhl\u00e1sit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e1 je i\u00a0strategie t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se volby soudu, kter\u00fd bude o\u00a0hromadn\u00fdch \u017ealob\u00e1ch rozhodovat. T\u00edm bude toti\u017e pouze<strong>\u00a0jedin\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/blog\/soustava-soudu\">soud<\/a><strong>, a\u00a0to M\u011bstsk\u00fd soud v\u00a0Praze<\/strong>. Je zcela na m\u00edst\u011b, aby o\u00a0hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealob\u011b rozhodoval jeden soud. To je ostatn\u011b jej\u00ed podstatou. Ot\u00e1zkou je, jestli by j\u00edm m\u011bl b\u00fdt zrovna zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd M\u011bstsk\u00fd soud v\u00a0Praze. Ten u\u017e je nyn\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00fdm soudem pro vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v z\u00a0pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed.\u00a0<strong>Nab\u00edz\u00ed se tedy ot\u00e1zka, zda budou kapacity dan\u00e9ho soudu sta\u010dit i\u00a0pro dal\u0161\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou agendu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Odm\u011bna \u017ealobce (tedy spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace, kter\u00e1 se \u017ealoby ujme) je zastropovan\u00e1 na 5\u00a0% vysouzen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky.\u00a0<\/strong>I to je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se zahrani\u010d\u00edm n\u00edzk\u00e1 a\u00a0sp\u00ed\u0161e neobvykl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka. Op\u011bt je t\u0159eba zopakovat, \u017ee na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t s\u00a0velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnost se siln\u00fdm odborn\u00fdm i\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdm z\u00e1zem\u00edm, co\u017e bude vy\u017eadovat velmi pe\u010dlivou p\u0159\u00edpravu ze strany \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho probl\u00e9mu na m\u00edru<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dostupnyadvokat.cz\/poradna\/reseni\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho probl\u00e9mu na m\u00edru \u2014 Dostupn\u00fd advok\u00e1t (dostupnyadvokat.cz)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Klienti zkrachoval\u00fdch dodavatel\u016f energi\u00ed, spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se nachytali na klamavou reklamu, z\u00e1kazn\u00edci, ji\u017e si zakoupili nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdrobek. Ti v\u0161ichni by se mohli sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v dom\u00e1hat <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=42599\" title=\"Vl\u00e1da posv\u011btila hromadn\u00e9 \u017ealoby. Vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v ale neuleh\u010duje\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poradna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=42599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=42599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=42599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=42599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}