{"id":43171,"date":"2023-10-26T12:15:23","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T10:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=43171"},"modified":"2023-10-26T12:15:29","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T10:15:29","slug":"nesmrtelnost-pupecnikove-krve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=43171","title":{"rendered":"Nesmrtelnost pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

 Pom\u016f\u017ee i des\u00edtky let po zamrazen\u00ed<\/strong>. Pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev, kterou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159i narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, je drahocenn\u00fdm zdrojem obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm cenn\u00e9 krvetvorn\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Tyto bu\u0148ky mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nemoc\u00ed, jako je leuk\u00e9mie, lymfom, aplastick\u00e1 an\u00e9mie a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. Po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev skladov\u00e1na v kryobank\u00e1ch, kde se uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 v extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Jak dlouho m\u016f\u017ee tato cenn\u00e1 substance z\u016fstat zmra\u017een\u00e1, ani\u017e by ztratila sv\u016fj l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u016fkopn\u00edk v kryokonzervaci pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Hal Broxmeyer z University of Indiana School of Medicine byl pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem v oblasti kryogenn\u00edho skladov\u00e1n\u00ed pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve. V roce 1988 provedl historick\u00fd krok, kdy zamrazil pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou krev, kter\u00e1 se stala kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 transplantace pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve na sv\u011bt\u011b. Pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou krev tehdy pr\u00e1v\u011b narozen\u00e9 Alison Farrowov\u00e9 zamrazili a p\u0159evezli do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, aby s n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dili jej\u00edho bratra Matta Farrowa. B\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00ed dok\u00e1zala Broxmeyerova laborato\u0159, \u017ee pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev ulo\u017een\u00e1 v kryogenn\u00edm stavu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 i po uplynut\u00ed 5, 10, 15 a dokonce i 23 let. Dr. Hal Broxmeyer zem\u0159el v roce 2021, ale jeho laborato\u0159 pokra\u010duje v jeho pr\u00e1ci a v l\u00e9t\u011b 2023 publikovali d\u016fkaz, \u017ee kryokonzervovan\u00e1 pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev je st\u00e1le \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 i po 27 letech v mra\u017een\u00e9m stavu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fkazy o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m dlouhodob\u00e9m skladov\u00e1n\u00ed pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve zopakovaly i jin\u00e9 laborato\u0159e, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Cryo-Cell na Florid\u011b, Medipost v Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji a D\u00fcsseldorf Bank v N\u011bmecku. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee kdy\u017e je pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev spr\u00e1vn\u011b kryokonzervovan\u00e1, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u016fbec nest\u00e1rne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba i dvacet let po zamrazen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V listopadu 2018 ozn\u00e1mila ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 banka pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve BMDI v Austr\u00e1lii, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b transplantovala pacientovi s leuk\u00e9mi\u00ed pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou krev od d\u00e1rce, kter\u00e1 byla skladov\u00e1na 20 let. V kv\u011btnu 2023 bylo na 10. konferenci o pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krvi \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 asociace pro zdrav\u00ed matky a d\u00edt\u011bte prezentov\u00e1no, \u017ee devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00fd pacient v \u010c\u00edn\u011b byl vyl\u00e9\u010den z aplastick\u00e9 an\u00e9mie vlastn\u00ed pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou krv\u00ed, kterou mu uchovali rodi\u010de p\u0159i jeho narozen\u00ed v bance pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 let zamra\u017een\u00e1 pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev zachr\u00e1nila \u017eivot mlad\u00e9mu mu\u017ei<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Ne\u010dekal jsem, \u017ee pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev, kterou jsme synovi uchovali p\u0159i jeho narozen\u00ed, mu zachr\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivot o 19 let pozd\u011bji!“<\/em> \u0159ekl nad\u0161en\u011b otec pacienta. Kdy\u017e se v roce 2003 jeho syn narodil, pov\u011bdom\u00ed o pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krvi bylo teprve v plenk\u00e1ch. L\u00e9\u010dba tohoto pacienta byla prezentov\u00e1na v kv\u011btnu 2023 na 10. konferenci o pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krvi \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 asociace pro zdrav\u00ed matky a d\u00edt\u011bte. Pacienta nazvali Xiao An. Jedn\u00e1 se o mlad\u00e9ho mu\u017ee z \u010c\u00edny, kter\u00e9mu v prosinci 2021 ve v\u011bku 18 let diagnostikovali aplastickou an\u00e9mii. Jedn\u00e1 se o autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m napad\u00e1 a ni\u010d\u00ed krvetvorn\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v kostn\u00ed d\u0159eni, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00fapln\u00e9mu selh\u00e1n\u00ed kostn\u00ed d\u0159en\u011b a smrti. P\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby se rodi\u010de Xiao An dozv\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee transplantace krvetvorn\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk z pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednou z \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch metod l\u00e9\u010dby. To dalo rodin\u011b novou nad\u011bji, proto\u017ee u\u017e v roce 2003, kdy se Xiao An narodil, mu rodi\u010de uchovali pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou krev v rodinn\u00e9 bance pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve. Xiao An byl p\u0159evezen do nemocnice, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na transplantace krvetvorn\u00fdch bun\u011bk, a po p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na z\u00e1krok mu 25. prosince 2022 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm infuze \u201evr\u00e1tili\u201c jeho pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou, kterou m\u011bl odebr\u00e1no p\u0159ed 19 lety. O m\u011bs\u00edc pozd\u011bji byl Xiao An propu\u0161t\u011bn z jednotky intenzivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a v \u00fanoru 2023 tak\u00e9 z nemocnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento p\u0159\u00edpad je jedine\u010dn\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o nejd\u00e9le skladovanou pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou krev, kter\u00e1 byla pou\u017eita k transplantaci v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Tak\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 i po mnoha letech uskladn\u011bn\u00ed. Banka pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve, ve kter\u00e9 m\u011bl Xiao An ulo\u017eenou pupe\u010dn\u00edkovou krev, ji\u017e vydala k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 400 jednotek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edklady z \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rekord za nejstar\u0161\u00ed kryokonzervovan\u00e9 spermie, ze kter\u00fdch vznikla \u017eiv\u00e1 ml\u00e1\u010fata, dr\u017e\u00ed ovce po\u010dat\u00e9 ze spermi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly zmra\u017eeny v australsk\u00e9m \u00fastavu zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v Sydney 50 let. Jejich laborato\u0159 potvrdila, \u017ee procento \u017eivo \u2013 narozen\u00fdch ml\u00e1\u010fat z pades\u00e1tilet\u00fdch spermi\u00ed je stejn\u00e9 jako procento z ro\u010dn\u00edch spermi\u00ed. Lidsk\u00fd rekord v po\u010dtu \u017eiv\u011b narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed z kryokonzervovan\u00fdch spermi\u00ed dr\u017e\u00ed dvoj\u010data, kter\u00e1 byla po\u010data pomoc\u00ed in vitro fertilizace se spermiemi, kter\u00e9 byly skladov\u00e1ny 40 let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d to funguje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kryokonzervovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ky nest\u00e1rnou, proto\u017ee jsou ve stavu hlubok\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku. Kdy\u017e se bu\u0148ky zmraz\u00ed, jejich metabolismus se zpomal\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na nulu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee bu\u0148ky nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed energii k r\u016fstu, d\u011blen\u00ed nebo udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 kryokonzerva\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit bu\u0148ky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny a DNA, p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm mrazem. Banky pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 krve, aby bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 obsahuje, byly pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b i des\u00edtky let po jej\u00edm zamrazen\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se bu\u0148ky rozmraz\u00ed, jejich metabolismus se obnov\u00ed a bu\u0148ky se vr\u00e1t\u00ed do norm\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu. To plat\u00ed tak\u00e9 pro bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 byly zmra\u017eeny velmi dlouho. V\u011bdci se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u011b kryokonzervovan\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky jsou prakticky nesmrteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 Pom\u016f\u017ee i des\u00edtky let po zamrazen\u00ed. Pupe\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1 krev, kterou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159i narozen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, je drahocenn\u00fdm zdrojem obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm cenn\u00e9 krvetvorn\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Tyto bu\u0148ky mohou b\u00fdt […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43171"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43171\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}