{"id":43652,"date":"2023-11-14T06:45:26","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T05:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=43652"},"modified":"2023-11-14T06:45:27","modified_gmt":"2023-11-14T05:45:27","slug":"zaprasene-cesko-plicim-neprospiva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=43652","title":{"rendered":"Zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 \u010cesko plic\u00edm neprosp\u00edv\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pneumologov\u00e9 usiluj\u00ed o zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed norem zdrav\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten, kdo bydl\u00ed v\u00a0chaloupce na \u0160umav\u011b, v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b nevzal do \u00fast cigaretu a nepracoval v\u00a0zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9m provozu, si m\u016f\u017ee zhluboka oddechnout ze sv\u00fdch, s\u00a0velkou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed velmi zdrav\u00fdch plic. Zbytek lid\u00ed u\u017e tuto jistotu nem\u00e1. Odborn\u00edci toti\u017e st\u00e1le podrobn\u011bji zkoumaj\u00ed vliv \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na zdrav\u00ed plic a v\u00fdsledky nejsou nijak povzbudiv\u00e9. Podle pneumolog\u016f celoro\u010dn\u011b spl\u0148uje normy pro \u010dist\u00fd vzduch pouze \u0160umava a okrajov\u00e9 hornat\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u011bkolika men\u0161\u00edch kraj\u016f jako Zl\u00ednsko \u010di Karlovarsko. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky je ale v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1, co\u017e m\u00e1 na d\u00fdchac\u00ed \u00fastroj\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopad. Pneumologov\u00e9 na to upozor\u0148uj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci <\/strong>Dne pro zdrav\u00e9 pl\u00edce, po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9ho u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho dne chronick\u00e9 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoci (15. 11.).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eZem\u011b vysp\u011bl\u00e9 Evropy u\u017e v\u00ed, \u017ee se dosavadn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed normy pro zdrav\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed mus\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edsnit a upravuj\u00ed je dle posledn\u00edho doporu\u010den\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO). \u010cesko ale v t\u00e9to oblasti pon\u011bkud zaost\u00e1v\u00e1, p\u0159esto\u017ee se situace za posledn\u00ed dek\u00e1du i u n\u00e1s zlep\u0161ila. \u0160kodliv\u00e9 okoln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edtomnost mal\u00e9ho pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu ve vdechovan\u00e9m vzduchu m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed vliv nejen na pl\u00edce, ale tak\u00e9 na mozek a srdce,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc. MUDr. Vladim\u00edr Kobl\u00ed\u017eek, v\u011bdeck\u00fd sekret\u00e1\u0159 \u010cesk\u00e9 pneumologick\u00e9 a ftizeologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 ned\u00e1vno publikovanou \u010d\u00ednskou studii sleduj\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 500 lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti ru\u0161n\u00fdch silnic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePodstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich trp\u011bla chronickou obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee je \u010c\u00edna \u201aproslul\u00e1\u2018 \u0161patn\u00fdm ovzdu\u0161\u00edm, studii lze vzt\u00e1hnout i na na\u0161e podm\u00ednky. Kdo bydl\u00ed nebo se pohybuje m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 metr\u016f od ru\u0161n\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch k\u0159i\u017eovatek s\u00a0tranzitn\u00ed automobilovou dopravou m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko vzniku mnoha plicn\u00edch chorob. Stejn\u00fd metr plat\u00ed pro sportovce, kte\u0159\u00ed b\u011bhaj\u00ed pod\u00e9l hlavn\u00edch silnic. P\u0159\u00ednos takov\u00e9ho pohybu je velmi diskutabiln\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed doc. Kobl\u00ed\u017eek s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee WHO od roku 2021 doporu\u010duje, aby pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed koncentrace drobn\u00e9ho pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu nep\u0159es\u00e1hla 5 mikrogram\u016f na metr krychlov\u00fd (\u00b5g\/ m\u00b3) a \u010dty\u0159iadvacetihodinov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br nep\u0159es\u00e1hl 15 \u00b5g\/ m\u00b3\u00a0na v\u00edce ne\u017e 3\u20134 dny v\u00a0roce. \u201eV\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti pak Evropsk\u00e1 agentura \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v roce 2022 bylo 96 % m\u011bstsk\u00e9 populace v EU vystaveno nadlimitn\u00edmu mno\u017estv\u00ed inhalovan\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu velikosti 2,5 mikrometru a men\u0161\u00edch). V\u00a0EU existuje naprost\u00e9 minimum lokalit s\u00a0trvale zcela \u010dist\u00fdm ovzdu\u0161\u00edm,\u201c <\/em>dod\u00e1v\u00e1 plicn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cern\u00e9ho Petra si nav\u00edc dobrovoln\u011b vytahuj\u00ed ti, kdo je\u0161t\u011b kou\u0159\u00ed nebo u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 nikotinov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, jako t\u0159eba elektronick\u00e9 cigarety, zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd tab\u00e1k, nebo s\u00e1\u010dky. \u201eU jednoho z\u00a0p\u011bti ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016f se postupem \u010dasu vyvine CHOPN, kou\u0159en\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 % zp\u016fsobuje rakovinu plic. Ku\u0159\u00e1ci \u010dasto p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na n\u00e1hrady klasick\u00fdch cigaret s\u00a0p\u0159edstavou, \u017ee jsou \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale opak je pravdou. Hladina nikotinu nen\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bchto produktech nijak regulov\u00e1na, a lid\u00e9 tak do sebe dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 koncentrace jedu,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje prof. MUDr. Martina Koziar Va\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1, Ph.D., p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b \u010cPFS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNikotinov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky nov\u00e9 generace se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 popularit\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u mlad\u00e9 generace a my se pak setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se zkolabovan\u00fdmi d\u011btmi, kter\u00e9 se nikotinem p\u0159ed\u00e1vkovaly. Roste n\u00e1m tady generace z\u00e1visl\u00fdch, a to na droze, kter\u00e1 je \u010deskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl nap\u0159\u00edklad od heroinu, tolerov\u00e1na. \u0160kodlivost\u00ed si v\u0161ak nikotin s\u00a0tvrd\u00fdmi drogami nijak nezad\u00e1.\u201c <\/em>P\u0159edsedkyn\u011b plicn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee l\u00edbiv\u00e9 obaly a p\u0159\u00edchut\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s tak\u0159ka nulovou restrikc\u00ed ze strany st\u00e1tu, \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nikotinov\u00fdch n\u00e1hra\u017eek mezi ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed jenom podporuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eLid\u00e9 si d\u00e1vaj\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 cigarety jako d\u00e1rky k\u00a0V\u00e1noc\u016fm, z inhalace n\u00e1hra\u017eek tab\u00e1ku se st\u00e1v\u00e1 norma. Sice do sebe nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed spaliny jako u klasick\u00fdch cigaret, ale inhaluj\u00ed nikotin ve velk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, nemluv\u011b o dal\u0161\u00edch <\/em>toxick\u00fdch <\/em>p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00edch<\/em>, jejich\u017e dopad na zdrav\u00ed teprve zkoum\u00e1me. U\u017e nyn\u00ed existuje skupina nemoc\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch inhalac\u00ed toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky \u2013 nikotinu,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. Koziar Va\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1. Z N\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku a alkoholu v\u00a0\u010cR z\u00a0roku 2022 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee popularita zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku roste, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u mlad\u0161\u00edch. Zat\u00edmco p\u0159ed \u010dty\u0159mi lety u\u017e\u00edvalo produkty na principu zah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9ho tab\u00e1ku 3,2 % populace, minul\u00fd rok u\u017e to bylo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny t\u011bch, co p\u0159ijdou do ordinace plicn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159ky MUDr. Ivany \u010ciern\u00e9 Peterov\u00e9, kou\u0159\u00ed. \u201eAsi 10 % p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nikotinov\u00e9 n\u00e1hra\u017eky,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prim. \u010ciern\u00e1 Peterov\u00e1, p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sekce ambulantn\u00edch pneumolog\u016f. Krom\u011b l\u00e9\u010dby plicn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed se ona, stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed pneumologov\u00e9, v\u011bnuje prevenci. \u201ePacienty vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1me o dopadech kou\u0159en\u00ed \u010di inhalace tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Nab\u00edz\u00edme jim o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proti ch\u0159ipce, covidu-19 a pneumokokov\u00fdm infekc\u00edm. Doporu\u010dujeme tak\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti RS vir\u016fm. Pacienti s\u00a0po\u0161kozen\u00fdmi pl\u00edcemi toti\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed mezi ohro\u017een\u00e9 skupiny a nemoc by pro n\u011b mohla b\u00fdt v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f fat\u00e1ln\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje pneumolo\u017eka. Plicn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i spolu s praktiky tak\u00e9 vytipov\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedince, jich\u017e by se mohl t\u00fdkat program \u010dasn\u00e9ho z\u00e1chytu rakoviny plic. Tedy ty, kte\u0159\u00ed kou\u0159ili nebo kou\u0159\u00ed bu\u010f po dobu 20 let 20 cigaret denn\u011b, nebo 10 let kolem 40 cigaret za den a je jim 55 a\u017e 74 let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eKrom\u011b toho, \u017ee zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1me rakovinu plic v\u010das, objevujeme \u0159adu jin\u00fdch plicn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b CHOPN, kter\u00e1 karcinomu plic \u010dasto p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed. T\u00edmto vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm doposud pro\u0161lo p\u0159es 4 300 lid\u00ed, z nich\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 17 % osob m\u011blo diagnostikovanou CHOPN a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11 % CHOPN spole\u010dn\u011b s chronickou bronchitidou<\/em>,\u201c <\/em>dod\u00e1v\u00e1 MUDr. \u010ciern\u00e1 Peterov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pneumologov\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed dr\u017eet plicn\u00ed nemoci pod kontrolou i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159ady osv\u011btov\u00fdch akc\u00ed. \u201eSna\u017e\u00edme se dostat k lidem co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee, mnohdy se toti\u017e boj\u00ed k l\u00e9ka\u0159i zaj\u00edt, p\u0159esto\u017ee ka\u0161lou, jsou du\u0161n\u00ed a unaven\u00ed. Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed akci Den pro zdrav\u00e9 pl\u00edce, letos 24. listopadu od 9 do 13.30 hodin v p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9m s\u00e1le L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho domu v Praze. P\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed inhal\u00e1tor, si mohou u p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f nechat zkontrolovat, zda p\u0159\u00edstroj u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 doc. MUDr. Norbert Pauk, Ph.D., \u010dlen v\u00fdboru \u010cesk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho spolku proti plicn\u00edm nemocem, jen\u017e akce organizuje. Akci bude mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat tak\u00e9 online. \u00da\u010dast je bezplatn\u00e1, p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed bude mo\u017en\u00e9 v den kon\u00e1n\u00ed akce na m\u00edst\u011b nebo on-line prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky www.copn.cz<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kde si lid\u00e9 mohou nechat zkontrolovat stav sv\u00fdch plic s pomoc\u00ed spirometrick\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n