{"id":43875,"date":"2023-11-23T15:01:20","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T14:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=43875"},"modified":"2023-11-23T15:02:26","modified_gmt":"2023-11-23T14:02:26","slug":"43875","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=43875","title":{"rendered":"Poradna k cukrovce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Cukrovka, ze za\u010d\u00e1tku si j\u00ed nev\u0161\u00edm\u00e1te, ale pak v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee zlomit. Diabetologov\u00e9 apeluj\u00ed, abychom rizika t\u00e9to nemoci, kter\u00e1 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jako epidemie, nepodce\u0148ovali. Dnes je Sv\u011btov\u00fd den diabetu, a proto se na cukrovku a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed hypoglykemii, hyperglykemii a mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady i na srdce zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme detailn\u011bji. pozv\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>\u010cRo &#8211; Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9&nbsp;\u2013 R\u00e1dio-poradna<\/strong> p\u0159ijala doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1, diabetolo\u017eka Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>M\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee o diabetu mluv\u00edme v m\u00e9di\u00edch velmi \u010dasto, ale na m\u00edsto, aby nemocn\u00fdch ub\u00fdvalo, tak jich p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, \u010d\u00edm to je?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>P\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 a p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 a jestli mohu hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee m\u00e1me diabetiky druh\u00e9ho typu, t\u011bch je nejv\u00edce, 95 %, ze v\u0161ech, ti p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo skokov\u011b a souvis\u00ed to mimochodem i se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se v\u011bkem, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s tou nespr\u00e1vnou \u017eivotospr\u00e1vou, ale p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1m i pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed diabetes prvn\u00edho typu, to znamen\u00e1 v tom d\u011btsk\u00e9m a mlad\u00e9m, velmi mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku, \u010dili ta cukrovka glob\u00e1ln\u011b. Probl\u00e9m je celosv\u011btov\u00fd a n\u00e1s samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neminula.<br \/><br \/>moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Jen pro up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed diabetes prvn\u00edho typu?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Je geneticky imunitn\u00ed, autoimunitn\u00ed. To je vlastn\u011b zavin\u00edme. No, tak ano, nebyla bych \u00fapln\u011b tak p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 a p\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1, p\u0159ece jenom n\u011bjakou genetickou informaci si mus\u00edme n\u00e9st, proto\u017ee zase na druhou stranu zn\u00e1me pacienty nebo lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed nadv\u00e1hu, jsou ob\u00e9zn\u00ed a nemaj\u00ed cukrovku, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tam sch\u00e1z\u00ed ta genetick\u00e1 informace, kter\u00e1 je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed k tomu, aby se u nich ta cukrovka vyvinula.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>L\u00e9\u010dba cukrovky stoj\u00ed 45 miliard korun, zab\u00edr\u00e1 10 % v\u0161ech prost\u0159edk\u016f ve zdravotnictv\u00ed. Je to mo\u017en\u00e1 i t\u00edm, \u017ee je j\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech v\u011bnov\u00e1na opravdu velk\u00e1 pozornost?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Jednak je to t\u00edm, \u017ee j\u00ed je v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost, to ur\u010dit\u011b, ale ne v\u0161echny zem\u011b a v\u0161echny geografick\u00e9 oblasti si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mohou dovolit, a tady si dovol\u00edm \u0159\u00edci s p\u00fdchou, tak, jak to sleduji b\u011bhem t\u011bch desetilet\u00ed, \u017ee \u010cesk\u00e1 republika je skute\u010dn\u011b na \u0161pici, sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161pici a a\u0165 u\u017e se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de o diabetiky jako takov\u00e9, o vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed diabetes, ale i o poskytnutou p\u00e9\u010di a l\u00e9ky a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dnes ty technologick\u00e9 pom\u016fcky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pacienti, jsou nesrovnateln\u00e9, lep\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e byly i t\u0159eba p\u0159ed 5-10 lety.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Vy jste to nazna\u010dila tro\u0161ku, \u017ee cukrovka je celosv\u011btov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, tak je ten p\u0159\u00edstup mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody odli\u0161n\u00fd? My jsme tedy t\u011bmi Top, kte\u0159\u00ed tomu v\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost, ale asi tady nast\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed a rad\u00edte se, jak postupovat d\u00e1l.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ur\u010dit\u011b existuje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 organizace IDF, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje v\u0161echny zem\u011b a zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se probl\u00e9mem diabetologie. No a tady pr\u00e1v\u011b vid\u00edme, \u017ee jsou rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b t\u0159eba v Africe, v Asii, kde ani ta diagnostika vlastn\u011b nedosp\u011bla do, \u0159ekn\u011bme, aspo\u0148 p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho stadia, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le je tam pot\u0159eba vylep\u0161ovat a souvis\u00ed to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s ekonomick\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Na\u0161la jsem, \u017ee v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b cukrovky se za posledn\u00edch 15 let objevilo 50 nov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek kombinac\u00ed a l\u00e9k\u016f, z \u010deho\u017e usuzuji, \u017ee to je tedy obor, kter\u00fd jde opravdu rychle dop\u0159edu. Mluv\u00ed se o k\u016f\u0159e z jablon\u011b, ze kter\u00e9 je izolov\u00e1n florizin Vacula. Ti mni\u0161i pr\u00fd zkou\u0161eli jest\u0159abinu, kde co se zkou\u0161\u00ed, tak\u017ee po\u0159\u00e1d se n\u011bco vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed, je vymy\u0161leno nebo je ten pohled, \u017ee se vymysl\u00ed n\u011bco, \u017ee si opravdu d\u00e1me tabletku a cukrovka zmiz\u00ed?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ona nezmiz\u00ed, to je tak, \u017ee cukrovka je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9 dnes u\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b, jak jste uvedla, tak velmi dob\u0159e a pom\u011brn\u011b snadno, pokud pacient ov\u0161em spolupracuje na t\u00e9 sv\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b, ale je st\u00e1le nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1. Neum\u00edme je\u0161t\u011b cukrovku \u00fapln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit, nicm\u00e9n\u011b ty l\u00e9ky a t\u0159eba hnedka to jabl\u00ed\u010dko floryzin, o kter\u00e9m jste se zm\u00ednila, tak to je skupina l\u00e9k\u016f, kterou dnes sd\u00edl\u00ed s n\u00e1mi i diabetology i kardiologov\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad a nefrologov\u00e9, proto\u017ee to je l\u00e9k na cukr, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 ale \u00fa\u010dinky i takov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovlivn\u00ed i u pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed diabetes t\u0159eba srde\u010dn\u00ed funkci nebo ledvinnou funkci, tak\u017ee v souvislosti s v\u00fdvojem t\u011bch nov\u00fdch antidiabetick\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f vid\u00edme, \u017ee ten jejich \u00fa\u010dinek je mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed, koneckonc\u016f zapad\u00e1 do toho kontextu metabolick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Cukrovka je metabolick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a jako metabolick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b postihuje kdejak\u00fd org\u00e1n v t\u011ble.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Tak\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 cukrovku, tak s t\u00edm souvis\u00ed pak \u0159ada n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, tak\u017ee p\u0159ed n\u00ed nem\u016f\u017eeme zav\u00edrat o\u010di.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ur\u010dit\u011b ne a \u010d\u00edm d\u00e9le ta cukrovka trv\u00e1, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko t\u011bch mo\u017en\u00fdch komplikac\u00ed je, a to souvis\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b s tou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotou cukru v krvi, kter\u00fd po\u0161kozuje c\u00e9vn\u00ed st\u011bnu, no a jak v\u00edme, tak c\u00e9vy jsou v\u0161ude a mohou m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed a jejich funkce, a to se t\u00fdk\u00e1 mozku, srdce, ledvin, tepen, doln\u00edch kon\u010detin, ale i nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd neb\u00fdv\u00e1 tak \u010dasto zmi\u0148ov\u00e1n, a p\u0159esto hraje velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci potom p\u0159i komplikac\u00edch.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/> tak kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne hypoglykemie, co to znamen\u00e1?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Hypoglykemie znamen\u00e1 n\u00edzkou hladinu cukru v krvi, je to nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komplikace l\u00e9\u010dby cukrovky, to znamen\u00e1 ale, \u017ee se net\u00fdk\u00e1 \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161ech pacient\u016f, proto\u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 tu hypoglykemii nevyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Z hypoglykemie maj\u00ed obavy pacienti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed inzulin, anebo dnes u\u017e je jich mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b, ale l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161ovaly tvorbu vlastn\u00edho inzulinu, kter\u00fd ten pacient m\u011bl, \u010dili budeme hovo\u0159it v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b o skupin\u011b pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed inzulin. To jsou v\u0161ichni diabetici prvn\u00edho typu, to v\u00edme,  bez toho inzulinu by nemohli b\u00fdt. A pak ale pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st, \u0159ekn\u011bme, kolem t\u011bch 20- 30 000 pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed diabetes druh\u00e9ho typu a u\u017e jim selhala ta vlastn\u00ed tvorba inzulinu natolik, \u017ee pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed inzulin zven\u010d\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to teda \u00fapln\u011b mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo nebo mal\u00fd po\u010det pacient\u016f, kter\u00fdch se to m\u016f\u017ee t\u00fdkat.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ale je pravda, \u017ee hypoglykemii m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 cukrovku, diabetes.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Tak tam je to tro\u0161ku jinak, proto\u017ee to jsou t\u0159eba sportovci, kte\u0159\u00ed nedbaj\u00ed na dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny krevn\u00edho cukru p\u0159i n\u011bjak\u00e9m vytrvalostn\u00edm v\u00fdkonu, to je pravda, ale tam maj\u00ed obrann\u00fd mechanismus, kter\u00fd funguje naprosto bezchybn\u011b a ten organismus v\u010das reaguje a rychle dopln\u00ed.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Pozn\u00e1me \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ekou hypoglykemii?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ur\u010dit\u011b ano, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 hypoglykemie v\u011bt\u0161inou je takov\u00e1, \u017ee ten pacient pozn\u00e1 s\u00e1m na sob\u011b, projevuje se t\u0159eba slabost\u00ed, hladem, s pocen\u00edm, rychlou srde\u010dn\u00ed akc\u00ed, neklidem a tam on si pom\u016f\u017ee s\u00e1m, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si vezme n\u011bco sladk\u00e9ho, n\u011bco, co ozna\u010dujeme jako kr\u00e1tk\u00fd cukr, doporu\u010dujeme t\u0159eba Coca Colu nebo n\u011bjak\u00fd cukr, n\u011bjak\u00e9 rychl\u00e9 gely prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad te\u010f v l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, ale pak se mus\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b naj\u00edst, t\u0159eba chleba nebo rohl\u00edk, to znamen\u00e1 ten komplexn\u00ed sacharid tak, aby si skute\u010dn\u011b tu hladinu toho cukru v krvi doplnil na del\u0161\u00ed dobu. No a co se t\u00fd\u010de t\u011bch dal\u0161\u00edch, t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch stav\u016f, ty zase nejsou tak \u00fapln\u011b \u010dast\u00e9, ale t\u00fdkaj\u00ed se pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e potom nerozpoznaj\u00ed ty takzvan\u011b lehk\u00e9 hypoglykemie, to znamen\u00e1, dostanou se do stavu poruchy v\u011bdom\u00ed, u\u017e si toho nejsou v\u011bdomi, u\u017e takovouto jednoduchou prvn\u00ed pomoc nejsou schopni sami prov\u00e9st, a my jim potom mus\u00edme pomoci. Ten pacient m\u016f\u017ee se chovat zmaten\u011b, mimochodem je to n\u011bkdy probl\u00e9m u t\u011bch star\u0161\u00edch pacient\u016f, kde nev\u00edme, jestli je to probl\u00e9m t\u0159eba, pokud maj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed&nbsp;<strong>posti\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>,  jestli je to projev t\u00e9 demence, anebo  p\u016fsobit dezorientovan\u011b, nebo mohou potom a\u017e v\u011bdom\u00ed ztratit, k\u0159e\u010dovat, tak\u017ee mohou p\u016fsobit t\u0159eba jako pacient s epilepsi\u00ed. Ale ka\u017ed\u00fd by m\u011bl m\u00edt u sebe n\u011bjakou zn\u00e1mku toho, \u017ee je diabetik, pr\u016fkazku nejl\u00e9pe, ide\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bjakou karti\u010dku. No a v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b potom situace je jasn\u00e1. Dnes u\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u011b nos\u00ed pacienti s sebou tak\u00e9 glukometry, to jsou ty p\u0159\u00edstroje na zm\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a na zm\u011b\u0159en\u00ed glykemie, to znamen\u00e1 krevn\u00edho cukru z b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ka prstu, tak\u017ee se m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit i t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>M\u016f\u017ee pacient um\u0159\u00edt na hypoglykemii?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Budu-li stra\u0161it, je to vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, ale t\u0159eba je to spojeno s infarktem myokardu t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm nebo s c\u00e9vn\u00ed mozkovou p\u0159\u00edhodou nebo je tam hypoglykemie trvaj\u00edc\u00ed mnoho, mnoho hodin. Tak ano, i tehdy m\u016f\u017ee na hypoglykemii zem\u0159\u00edt. Ale jsou to skute\u010dn\u011b pacienti, nemohu \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee by to byl b\u011b\u017en\u00fd jev, hlavn\u011b se to t\u011b\u017eko potom diagnostikuje, proto\u017ee ti pacienti nejsou p\u0159ivezeni do nemocnice jako pacienti s hypoglykemi\u00ed nebo ano, ale maj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b k tomu ten dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m, t\u0159eba akutn\u00ed infarkt myokardu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>\u010cetla jsem i n\u011bjak\u00e9 studie, \u017ee hypoglykemii maj\u00ed i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pravideln\u011b u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed alkohol, \u017ee si toho mo\u017en\u00e1 ani nejsou v\u011bdomi, ale \u017ee tam jsou tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 skoky, \u017ee pak i tito lid\u00e9, ani\u017e by m\u011bli cukrovku, tak vlastn\u011b mohou m\u00edt hypoglykemick\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>No, mohou, ale tam to zase souvis\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee maj\u00ed zni\u010den\u00e1 j\u00e1tra, \u010dili nedopl\u0148uj\u00ed tak rychle ten krevn\u00ed cukr, jak by m\u011bli, a t\u00edm vlastn\u011b se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do t\u00e9 hypoglykemie.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Je pravda, \u017ee s cukrovkou souvisej\u00ed i poruchy sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed a psychick\u00e9? To je dotaz od pana Karla, kter\u00fd p\u00ed\u0161e.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>To je velmi dobr\u00fd dotaz. Psychick\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u011b, je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee s diabetem jsou spojen\u00e9 depresivn\u00ed stavy, deprese, a nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9, je to pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost.  A pokud se t\u00fdk\u00e1 toho druh\u00e9ho, sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed poruchy, ur\u010dit\u011b ano, jsou to poruchy potence, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se to projevuje u mu\u017e\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno bu\u010fto \u0161patn\u00fdm prokrven\u00edm p\u0159i cukrovce, anebo pr\u00e1v\u011b tou zm\u00edn\u011bnou neuropati\u00ed, to znamen\u00e1 posti\u017een\u00edm nerv\u016f.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Tak\u017ee ur\u010dit\u011b \u0159e\u0161it, neodkl\u00e1dat probl\u00e9m.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Proto\u017ee je pomoc. Ano, jsou na to l\u00e9ky.<br \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>m\u00e1me tady dal\u0161\u00ed dotaz od pan\u00ed Radky, kter\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161e: Naposledy jsem po t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 hypoglykemii skon\u010dila na t\u0159i dny v nemocnici. Boj\u00edm se, \u017ee se z t\u00e9to nemoci nikdy nedostanu, u\u017e nem\u016f\u017eu ani \u0159\u00eddit. Zaj\u00edmaly by m\u011b \u00fapln\u011b novinky v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b a tak\u00e9 jejich dostupnost. V\u00edm, \u017ee Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice se v\u00fdzkumu tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed. Tak jak vypad\u00e1 testov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 by pacienti u\u017e\u00edvali t\u0159eba pouze jednou t\u00fddn\u011b?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>No, tak m\u016f\u017eu poslou\u017eit \u00fapln\u011b \u010derstv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem, te\u010f zrovna jsme uzav\u0159eli jednu klinickou studii, kter\u00e1 je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a kde se zkou\u0161\u00ed nebo zkou\u0161el l\u00e9k. Kombinace dlouze \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00edc\u00edho inzulinu jednou t\u00fddn\u011b aplikovan\u00e9ho. A tam s t\u00edm inzulinem je \u010d\u00e1st, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed inzulin, ale pat\u0159\u00ed k t\u011bm modern\u00edm nov\u00fdm l\u00e9k\u016fm, kter\u00e9 nevyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed hypoglykemii, tak\u017ee ty nov\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 nevyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed hypoglykemie nebo jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, ty jsou te\u010f jednak b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, a  mo\u017en\u00e1 je budou poslucha\u010di zn\u00e1t i jako l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny na hubnut\u00ed, na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00e1hy i u nediabetik\u016f, proto\u017ee toti\u017e krom\u011b toho, \u017ee upravuj\u00ed hodnotu krevn\u00edho cukru, jenom, kdy\u017e je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd, tud\u00ed\u017e nevyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed hypoglykemii, tak taky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00e1hy a tam jde ten rozvoj velmi rychle kup\u0159edu. Te\u010f se zd\u00e1, \u017ee bude je\u0161t\u011b nov\u00fd, siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed potentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9k b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku k dispozici. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee i u n\u00e1s, proto\u017ee jak u\u017e jsem se zm\u00ednila, my jsme skute\u010dn\u011b v diabetologii na sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dce, no a vyv\u00edjej\u00ed se dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed prepar\u00e1ty. Jsou dostupn\u00e9 pro pacienty,  velmi dobr\u00e9 prepar\u00e1ty, jednak prepar\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 se aplikuj\u00ed bu\u010fto v injekc\u00edch jednou denn\u011b nebo jednou t\u00fddn\u011b a maj\u00ed, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, ten benefit k tomu, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1hu a ochr\u00e1n\u00ed srdce a ledviny. Ale m\u00e1me tady tak\u00e9 jeden l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd je taky velmi dob\u0159e dostupn\u00fd u\u017e minim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u011bt let, a to je tento hormon tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu v tablet\u011b, to je jedna skupina t\u011bch l\u00e9k\u016f. A druh\u00e1 skupina, to je ta, o kter\u00e9 jsem se zm\u00ednila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, \u017ee  n\u00e1m ji tro\u0161ku se sna\u017e\u00ed malinko uzmout i kardiologov\u00e9 a nefrologov\u00e9, proto\u017ee to jsou  glifloziny, kter\u00e9 nevyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 hypoglykemii, ale je\u0161t\u011b maj\u00ed ty dal\u0161\u00ed, velmi dobr\u00e9 vlastnosti na ty benefity, na ty kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed a ren\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ono je, mysl\u00edm, zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee d\u0159\u00edve se hovo\u0159ilo hlavn\u011b o vlivu na mozek v souvislosti s cukrovkou a te\u010f \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l hlasit\u011bji se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b to srdce, kter\u00e9 souvis\u00ed s touto chorobou. Je to v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m a \u010dast\u00fd?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Je to nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dnes probl\u00e9m, nej\u010dast\u011bji \u0159e\u0161\u00edme probl\u00e9m srdce, mozku, smrt, mozkov\u00e9 mrtvice, ale tak\u00e9 ledvin, ale co se t\u00fd\u010de toho po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku, mysl\u00edm, nikoliv mrtvice, ale po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku ve smyslu t\u011bch postupuj\u00edc\u00edch dementn\u00edch stav\u016f atd. tak to je obrovsk\u00fd probl\u00e9m a j\u00e1 si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee k tomu dojde teprve, \u017ee se to bude te\u010f moment\u00e1ln\u011b komunikovat mnohem v\u00edce.<br \/><br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 3,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Dobr\u00fd den. J\u00e1 bych se pan\u00ed doktorky zeptala, pros\u00edm v\u00e1s p\u011bkn\u011b, kontroluju si glykemii a m\u00e1m ji neust\u00e1le 4,9 nejvej\u0161 p\u011bt. Je to norm\u00e1ln\u00ed.<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 3,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>D\u011bkuju, na shledanou.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Je to za ot\u00e1zku. Je to skv\u011bl\u00e9, je to skv\u011bl\u00e9, je to \u00fapln\u011b norm\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota glykemie, tak\u017ee samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jestli ta glykemie m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1, to jsem se zapomn\u011bla zeptat, p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem, nala\u010dno nebo po j\u00eddle, ale pokud je to nala\u010dno, tak je to skv\u011bl\u00e1 hodnota a i nakonec potom j\u00eddle z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, za jak dlouho si to ta pan\u00ed poslucha\u010dka zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed ty glykemie, ale j\u00e1 bych s t\u00edm byla velmi spokojen\u00e1, s t\u011bmito hodnotami.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Te\u010f nev\u00edm, jestli volala znovu pan\u00ed poslucha\u010dka, nebo je to n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd? Je to tak, v\u00edtejte.<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 3,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ano, beru tu tabletku p\u0159ed j\u00eddlem, nala\u010dno ka\u017ed\u00fd r\u00e1no a jinak, pros\u00edm v\u00e1s p\u011bkn\u011b, je\u0161t\u011b pan\u00ed doktorka mi dala Janu v\u00edn preventivn\u011b, tak beru Janu v\u00edn jeden denn\u011b.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ano, ano, to je z t\u00e9 skupiny nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, modern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f, ano?<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 3,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>A tak glykemie teda, to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt, takhle.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Je to v po\u0159\u00e1dku, ano. Pan\u00ed docentka u\u017e reagovala. M\u011bjte se kr\u00e1sn\u011b, hodn\u011b zdrav\u00ed.<br \/><br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 3,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dobr\u00fd den, m\u00e1m vnuka, kter\u00e9mu je osm rok\u016f, m\u00e1 diabetes prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b, p\u00edch\u00e1 si inzulin, ale neda\u0159\u00ed se to n\u011bjak zkorigovat, prost\u011b mu to hrozn\u011b l\u00edt\u00e1 nahoru, dolu, tak\u017ee st\u00e1le mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kontrolov\u00e1n, st\u00e1le se to dorovn\u00e1v\u00e1, tak\u017ee se l\u00e9ka\u0159i rozhodli, \u017ee by mu dali pumpu. Tak bych cht\u011bla se o tom n\u011bco dozv\u011bd\u011bt. \u017de se k tomu bude muset br\u00e1t je\u0161t\u011b inzulin, nebo jak to bude.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ano, mus\u00edme si vysv\u011btlit ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Inzulinov\u00e1 pumpa je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 inzulin a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m nebo zcela ur\u010dit\u011b k tomu i Vnou\u010dek dostane nebo vnu\u010dka dostane tak\u00e9 tzv. senzor, to znamen\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sleduje, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed hodnotu krevn\u00edho cukru neust\u00e1le cel\u00fdch 24 hodin, ten senzor je propojen s tou inzulinovou pumpou a da\u0159\u00ed se tak kompenzovat, tedy srovnat tu cukrovku u v\u011bt\u0161iny t\u011bch d\u011bt\u00ed. Prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 \u010dinnost, ano, to je ta modern\u00ed technologie. V\u00fdborn\u011b.<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 5,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Dobr\u00fd den. J\u00e1 bych se cht\u011bla jenom zeptat, pan\u00ed, jak volala, \u017ee m\u00e1 glykemii 4,9, Pan\u00ed doktorka j\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee je to perfektn\u00ed, moje \u017eena m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i cel\u00fd sedm a bylo j\u00ed \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee je ob\u00e9zn\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edsnou dietu. Jak tomu m\u00e1m rozum\u011bt? D\u011bkuju za odpov\u011b\u010f.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>V\u016fbec netu\u0161\u00edm, ale ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b je to tak, \u017ee ta pan\u00ed doktorka nebo pan doktor se sna\u017e\u00ed o prevenci, proto\u017ee ta obezita m\u016f\u017ee tu situaci jaksi zhor\u0161it a potom m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k tomu, \u017ee ta glykemie bude 4,6, nebo kolik, ale bude t\u0159eba 10, anebo se to cel\u00e9 zhor\u0161\u00ed. \u010cili ta redukce hmotnosti je u p\u00e9\u010de o diabetes naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed poslouchat l\u00e9ka\u0159e, na z\u00e1v\u011br. Mo\u017en\u00e1 je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, ale jedna rada. Proto\u017ee hodn\u011b tady mluv\u00edme o t\u00e9 glykemii a lid\u00e9, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 star\u0161\u00ed, si m\u011b\u0159\u00ed tu hladinu cukru. Kdybychom to m\u011bli za\u010d\u00edt kontrolovat, je n\u011bjak\u00e1 hranice i v\u011bkov\u00e1, kdy u\u017e bychom m\u011bli db\u00e1t na to, abychom to m\u011bli v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku?<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Zm\u00ednila jsem se o tom, \u017ee tady m\u00e1me skv\u011bl\u00fd syst\u00e9m Prevence , diabetu druh\u00e9ho typu, a to spad\u00e1 do kompetence praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 prov\u00e1d\u00ed prevenci preventivn\u011b, vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed jednou za dva roky, tu\u0161\u00edm, \u010dili minim\u00e1ln\u011b jednou za dva roky v\u00e1m vy\u0161et\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 glykemii, kdy\u017e tam ten pacient p\u0159ijde, a to je pr\u00e1v\u011b ta cesta, kter\u00e1 pom\u016f\u017ee odhalit tu cukrovku velmi v\u010das i v tzv. stadiu prediabetu. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pacienti na tu prevenci \u00fapln\u011b nedbaj\u00ed, ale i tady to stadium prediabetu se tak\u00e9 d\u00e1 dob\u0159e uko\u010d\u00edrovat, kdy\u017e to \u0159eknu lidov\u011b, tak, aby se ten \u010dlov\u011bk potom nedostal p\u0159\u00edmo k t\u00e9 cukrovce.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Nezanedb\u00e1vat, zkr\u00e1tka d\u011blat n\u011bco pro to sv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<br \/><br \/>doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Tu\u0161\u00edm, \u017ee od 45. Nebo 40. Let plat\u00ed tyto preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b potom kdykoliv se nebudete c\u00edtit dob\u0159e, kdykoliv budete m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee n\u011bco nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b v po\u0159\u00e1dku. To nemluv\u00edm o t\u011bch typick\u00fdch symptomech, p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch, to znamen\u00e1 \u017e\u00edze\u0148 atd. atd. \u010cast\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed, tak byste v\u017edycky m\u011bli nav\u0161t\u00edvit praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<br \/><br \/>Pavla Kindernayov\u00e1, moder\u00e1torka<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Doporu\u010duje doc. Alena \u0160mahelov\u00e1, diabetolo\u017eka z Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 byla hostem na\u0161\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed r\u00e1dio poradny, d\u011bkuju za to, hodn\u011b zdrav\u00ed.<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Cukrovka, ze za\u010d\u00e1tku si j\u00ed nev\u0161\u00edm\u00e1te, ale pak v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee zlomit. Diabetologov\u00e9 apeluj\u00ed, abychom rizika t\u00e9to nemoci, kter\u00e1 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jako epidemie, nepodce\u0148ovali. Dnes je <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=43875\" title=\"Poradna k cukrovce\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43875"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43875\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}