{"id":44128,"date":"2023-12-05T09:39:39","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T08:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=44128"},"modified":"2023-12-05T09:39:40","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T08:39:40","slug":"cesko-je-na-spici-ve-vyskytu-rakoviny-ledvin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=44128","title":{"rendered":"\u010cesko je \u201ena \u0161pici\u201c ve v\u00fdskytu\u00a0rakoviny ledvin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pacient\u016fm pom\u00e1haj\u00ed modern\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba i specializovan\u00e1 centra<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rakovina ledvin se stala nelichotivou \u010deskou \u201especialitou\u201c. T\u0159i tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z ro\u010dn\u011b znamenaj\u00ed t\u011bsnou druhou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dku ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch statistik\u00e1ch v\u00fdskytu, stejn\u011b jako tis\u00edc \u00famrt\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b. P\u0159esto\u017ee experti p\u0159esnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu tohoto stavu neznaj\u00ed, obecn\u011b p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 po\u010dty p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f obezit\u011b v\u00a0populaci nebo kou\u0159en\u00ed, ale i kvalitn\u00ed diagnostice. Stra\u0161\u00e1kem je rakovina ledvin i proto, \u017ee se dlouho nijak neprojevuje a pacienti nec\u00edt\u00ed z\u0159eteln\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru polovin\u011b pacient\u016f hroz\u00ed, \u017ee se jim i p\u0159es \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou l\u00e9\u010dbu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vr\u00e1t\u00ed. I proto experti doporu\u010duj\u00ed tyto pacienty odes\u00edlat do\u00a0tzv. komplexn\u00edch onkologick\u00fdch center, kde odborn\u00e9 multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed t\u00fdmy rozhodnou o dal\u0161\u00edm postupu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m nasazen\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed terapie.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00a0posledn\u00edch deseti letech v\u00fdskyt rakoviny ledvin v\u00a0\u010cesku sp\u00ed\u0161e stagnuje, i nad\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00e1 expert\u016fm vr\u00e1sky. Oproti pr\u016fm\u011bru EU je toti\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd. \u201eJednozna\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod bohu\u017eel nezn\u00e1me. Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee rizikov\u00fdmi faktory jsou obezita, vysok\u00fd tlak nebo kou\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0\u010cesku st\u00e1le \u010dast\u00e9. Vysok\u00fd v\u00fdskyt ale tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtat dobr\u00e9 diagnostice a z\u00e1chytu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edky hust\u00e9 s\u00edti ultrazvukov\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 doc.\u00a0MUDr.\u00a0Alexandr Poprach, Ph.D., prim\u00e1\u0159 Kliniky komplexn\u00ed onkologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de Masarykova onkologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu v\u00a0Brn\u011b a p\u0159edseda Sekce uroonkologie \u010cesk\u00e9 onkologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP. Podle n\u011bj n\u00e1dory ledvin trp\u00ed nejv\u00edce mu\u017ei \u2013 ti tvo\u0159\u00ed a\u017e dv\u011b t\u0159etiny pacient\u016f, nej\u010dast\u011bji se nemoc objevuje mezi 65. a 75. rokem \u017eivota. V \u010cesku je pak podle statistik nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt v\u00a0Plze\u0148sk\u00e9m a Jiho\u010desk\u00e9m kraji, ov\u0161em ani pro to v\u011bdci zat\u00edm nena\u0161li v\u011brohodn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. N\u00e1dor ledvin je nav\u00edc podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f nevyzpytateln\u00fd, u n\u011bkter\u00fdch pacient\u016f postupuje rychle, zat\u00edmco u jin\u00fdch v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomaleji. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eI proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jej zachytit v\u00a0ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, co\u017e se n\u00e1m da\u0159\u00ed bezm\u00e1la v 50 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. U nich m\u016f\u017eeme n\u00e1dor zpravidla operativn\u011b odstranit s\u00a0ponech\u00e1n\u00edm zdrav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ledviny. Zachov\u00e1me tak jej\u00ed funkci, ani\u017e bychom t\u00edm zvy\u0161ovali riziko n\u00e1vratu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. MUDr. Marek Babjuk, CSc., p\u0159ednosta Urologick\u00e9 kliniky 2. LF UK a\u00a0FN Motol. Pot\u00ed\u017e podle n\u011bj tkv\u00ed v\u00a0tom, \u017ee n\u00e1dor se v\u00a0ran\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch nijak neprojevuje. A\u017e v\u00a0pokro\u010dil\u00fdch stadi\u00edch mohou pacienti pozorovat p\u0159\u00edznaky jako \u00fanava, pocen\u00ed, teploty, nechutenstv\u00ed nebo \u00fabytek v\u00e1hy a krev v\u00a0mo\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chirurgick\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1doru je podle expert\u016f nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou l\u00e9\u010dby. V pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi, kdy je n\u00e1dor rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed, pak l\u00e9ka\u0159i odstra\u0148uj\u00ed ledvinu celou. U rakoviny, kter\u00e1 se ji\u017e roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila mimo ledvinu, pak nasazuj\u00ed syst\u00e9movou terapii. \u201eV tomto ohledu medic\u00edna za posledn\u00ed roky u\u010dinila obrovsk\u00fd pokrok. Operace se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed miniinvazivn\u00edch v\u00fdkon\u016f, kter\u00e9 pro pacienta p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed co nejmen\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1sah. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k tomu i robotickou chirurgii. Biologick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba a imunoterapie pak z\u00e1sadn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed nad\u011bji na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed u pacient\u016f v pokro\u010dil\u00fdch stadi\u00edch nemoci, kdy se ji\u017e n\u00e1dor roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il mimo ledvinu,\u201c<\/em> vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. Babjuk. I p\u0159es v\u00fdvoj v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b v\u0161ak u rakoviny ledvin p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00e9 riziko, \u017ee se onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vr\u00e1t\u00ed. \u201ePokud se nemoc poda\u0159\u00ed zachytit v ran\u00e9m stadiu, je riziko n\u00e1vratu pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e9. V pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch stadi\u00edch se ale pravd\u011bpodobnost op\u011btovn\u00e9ho n\u00e1lezu v z\u00e1vislosti na form\u011b n\u00e1doru pohybuje mezi 30\u201370 %. I z toho d\u016fvodu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby se tito pacienti l\u00e9\u010dili v tzv. komplexn\u00edch onkologick\u00fdch centrech (KOC), kde se jim v\u011bnuj\u00ed multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed t\u00fdmy slo\u017een\u00e9 z odborn\u00edk\u016f v\u00edce specializac\u00ed a dostane se jim nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed terapie,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje doc. Poprach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fdmy v KOC se podle n\u011bj zpravidla skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z urologa, onkologa, radiodiagnostika, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i radioterapeuta. V \u010cesku je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b 19 KOC, jsou ve v\u0161ech kraj\u00edch vyjma Karlovarsk\u00e9ho a St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pacient\u016fm pom\u00e1haj\u00ed modern\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba i specializovan\u00e1 centra Rakovina ledvin se stala nelichotivou \u010deskou \u201especialitou\u201c. T\u0159i tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z ro\u010dn\u011b znamenaj\u00ed t\u011bsnou druhou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dku ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14514,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44128\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}