{"id":45312,"date":"2024-01-23T03:35:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T02:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=45312"},"modified":"2024-01-22T23:35:36","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T22:35:36","slug":"fialova-kazda-druha-seniorka-se-nachazi-v-prijmove-chudobe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=45312","title":{"rendered":"Fialov\u00e1: Ka\u017ed\u00e1 druh\u00e1 seniorka se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 chudob\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Starobn\u00ed, invalidn\u00ed a poz\u016fstalostn\u00ed d\u016fchody se od 1. ledna. Zvy\u0161uj\u00ed, a to v\u0161em stejn\u011b, o 360 K\u010d. Valorizaci upravuje vl\u00e1dn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, podle ministerstva pr\u00e1ce by se ale pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd starobn\u00ed d\u016fchod m\u011bl v lednu dostat nad 2 600 K\u010d. Ve studiu \u010cRo je Kamila Fialov\u00e1, ekonomka ze sociologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu akademie \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Jak moc zasahuje \u010desk\u00e9 d\u016fchodce cenov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v posledn\u00edch letech? To znamen\u00e1 inflace, rostouc\u00ed n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed, energie, zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin.<br \/><br \/>Kamila Fialov\u00e1, ekonomka, Sociologick\u00fd \u00fastav AV<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Obecn\u011b skupina d\u016fchodc\u016f t\u00edm cenov\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem tolik zasa\u017eena nebyla, proto\u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 d\u016fchody rostly od roku 2019, tak\u017ee d\u016fchodci si polep\u0161ili vlastn\u011b i v tom roce 2022, kdy byla inflace nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, kdy pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd d\u016fchod vzrostl asi o 2 %. To, kdy\u017e srovn\u00e1me se skupinou zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, jejich\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 mzda klesla o re\u00e1ln\u011b asi o 8 %, tak vlastn\u011b d\u016fchodci jsou jednou z t\u011bch skupin, kter\u00e1 z toho negativn\u00edho infla\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje vy\u0161la sp\u00ed\u0161e l\u00e9pe.<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 7,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Podle statistick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed \u010cesko k zem\u00edm s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou chudoby, zat\u00edmco v Evropsk\u00e9 unii je pod hranic\u00ed chudoby v pr\u016fm\u011bru okolo 17 % lid\u00ed, tak v \u010cesku to bylo n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 10 %. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f z Karlovy univerzity a vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly ekonomick\u00e9 je ale chud\u00fdch lid\u00ed podstatn\u011b v\u00edc, nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<strong>Karel<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u010cada<\/strong>\u00a0z vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly ekonomick\u00e9 plusu \u0159ekl, \u017ee rozd\u00edly jsou hlavn\u011b v regionech.<br \/>Pod\u00edl\u00ed se na tom zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st toho rozpo\u010dtu, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee budou velk\u00e9 a \u017ee m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi lidmi, kter\u00fd t\u0159eba \u017eij\u00ed v n\u011bjak\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm bydlen\u00ed na venkov\u011b typicky, a lid\u00e9 ve m\u011bstech, kte\u0159\u00ed mus\u00ed platit n\u00e1jem, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u00a0<strong>Karel<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u010cada<\/strong>. <br \/>\u010c\u00edm jsou zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 ty rozd\u00edly v jednotliv\u00fdch pohledech na chudobu v \u010cesku? \u017de n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je to nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra chudoby, ale n\u011bkdo zase jin\u00fd z odborn\u00fdch kruh\u016f, \u017ee ty rozd\u00edly jsou docela velk\u00e9.<br \/><br \/>Kamila Fialov\u00e1, ekonomka, Sociologick\u00fd \u00fastav AV<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Ono obecn\u011b m\u011b\u0159it chudobu nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jednoduch\u00e9, t\u011bch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f je k tomu v\u00edce a ta m\u00edra t\u011bch 10 %, co vy jste zmi\u0148ovala, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u00edra ohro\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmovou chudobou, co\u017e vlastn\u011b zohled\u0148uje jenom ten aspekt p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na finan\u010dn\u00ed situaci obyvatel, tak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nejsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jenom ty p\u0159\u00edjmy, ale jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 i v\u00fddaje a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b majetek, se kter\u00fdm ti lid\u00e9 nebo ta dom\u00e1cnost disponuje, tak\u017ee pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me jenom na p\u0159\u00edjmy, tak \u010cesk\u00e1 republika z toho vych\u00e1z\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b \u00fapln\u011b nejl\u00e9pe ze zem\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie, nicm\u00e9n\u011b i s\u00e1m Eurostat ch\u00e1pe tu pot\u0159ebu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it ten ukazatel i o aspekt v\u00fddaj\u016f nebo celkov\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b a zavedl m\u00edru materi\u00e1ln\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed deprivace, kdy m\u00e1me asi 13 polo\u017eek v takov\u00e9m seznamu a zkoum\u00e1 se, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry si dom\u00e1cnost m\u016f\u017ee ty polo\u017eky dovolit. Jsou tam t\u0159eba jezdit na dovolenou, internet, auto, obnovovat n\u00e1bytek, j\u00edst maso ka\u017ed\u00fd den a podobn\u011b, a pokud si dom\u00e1cnost nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit aspo\u0148 p\u011bt z t\u011bchto polo\u017eek, tak se vlastn\u011b klasifikuje, jako ohro\u017een\u00e1 materi\u00e1ln\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed deprivac\u00ed a v t\u00e9to m\u00ed\u0159e u\u017e \u010cesk\u00e1 republika tak dob\u0159e nevych\u00e1z\u00ed. Tam jsme n\u011bkde zhruba uprost\u0159ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v tom souhrnn\u00e9m indik\u00e1toru chudoby vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee jsme na tom velice dob\u0159e, v t\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 chudob\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d vych\u00e1z\u00edme dob\u0159e, obecn\u011b ta problematika je opravdu slo\u017eit\u00e1, my zde nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e1me spoustu lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed sice n\u00e1m ani podle t\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 chudoby nezapadaj\u00ed pod tu hranici chudoby, nicm\u00e9n\u011b se pohybuj\u00ed lehce nad n\u00ed, tak\u017ee vlastn\u011b ta skupina lid\u00ed, jejich\u017e \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 je velice bl\u00edzko t\u00e9 hranice chudoby, je pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e1.<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 7,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>A kdy\u017e to vezmeme u t\u011bch d\u016fchodc\u016f, na z\u00e1klad\u011b jak\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00edch tedy u nich mluv\u00edme o chudoby nebo v \u010dem jsou ty jejich rizikov\u00e9 faktory, kter\u00e9 je vlastn\u011b d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do t\u00e9 kategorie vlastn\u011b bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 chudoby, nebo t\u00e9hle t\u00e9 deprivace, o kter\u00e9 jste mluvila.<br \/><br \/>Kamila Fialov\u00e1, ekonomka, Sociologick\u00fd \u00fastav AV<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u016fchodc\u016f m\u011b\u0159\u00edme chudobu \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b, tam nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 7,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Tak ale maj\u00ed  \u00faspory.<br \/><br \/>Kamila Fialov\u00e1, <br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>Obecn\u011b, jsou vlastn\u011b d\u016fchodci jednou z nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch skupin, co se chudoby t\u00fd\u010de, je\u0161t\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b se samo\u017eiviteli nebo p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi rodinami, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee ten hlavn\u00ed rizikov\u00fd faktor v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u016fchodc\u016f jsou ty n\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy, to znamen\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e9 d\u016fchody, kter\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z mezd, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 vyd\u011bl\u00e1vali v pr\u016fb\u011bhu toho pracovn\u00edho \u017eivota a my vlastn\u011b vid\u00edme, \u017ee ten velik\u00fd rizikov\u00fd faktor v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u016fchodc\u016f je, pokud \u017eij\u00ed sami, pokud \u017eij\u00ed dva lid\u00e9, d\u016fchodci spole\u010dn\u011b, tak jsou schopni n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem s t\u011bmi sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy vyj\u00edt, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pokud \u017eij\u00ed samostatn\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e mu\u017e nebo \u017eena, tak mnohem \u010dast\u011bji m\u00e1 probl\u00e9my se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy vyj\u00edt, mnohem \u010dast\u011bji se klasifikuje jako chud\u00fd a \u00fapln\u011b nejmarkantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je ta situace v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u017een, proto\u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd d\u016fchod \u017een, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd starobn\u00ed d\u016fchod \u017een se dlouhodob\u011b pohybuje pom\u011brn\u011b hluboko pod hranic\u00ed chudoby, tak\u017ee pokud se na tu populaci \u017een, seniorek pod\u00edv\u00e1me, tak vlastn\u011b vid\u00edme, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 druh\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 chudob\u011b, co\u017e je opravdu alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed situace, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mu\u017e\u016f je to t\u0159eba jenom ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrt\u00fd a zde pr\u00e1v\u011b to souvis\u00ed i s mzdovou \u00farovn\u00ed, kdy ten obrovsk\u00fd rozd\u00edl ve mzd\u00e1ch \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f, kter\u00fd tady v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice m\u00e1me dlouhodob\u011b, jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v Evrop\u011b, se propisuje i do t\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed situace pot\u00e9, co lidi sv\u016fj pracovn\u00ed \u017eivot ukon\u010d\u00ed a \u017eeny vlastn\u011b jsou penalizovan\u00e9 d\u00e1le i t\u00edm, \u017ee maj\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 d\u016fchody.<br \/><br \/>mluv\u010d\u00ed 7,<br \/>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/> d\u011bkuju Kamile Fialov\u00e9, ekonomce ze sociologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd, d\u011bkuju.<br \/><br \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Starobn\u00ed, invalidn\u00ed a poz\u016fstalostn\u00ed d\u016fchody se od 1. ledna. Zvy\u0161uj\u00ed, a to v\u0161em stejn\u011b, o 360 K\u010d. Valorizaci upravuje vl\u00e1dn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, podle ministerstva pr\u00e1ce by <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=45312\" title=\"Fialov\u00e1: Ka\u017ed\u00e1 druh\u00e1 seniorka se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 chudob\u011b\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45312"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45328,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45312\/revisions\/45328"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}