{"id":45320,"date":"2024-01-23T00:29:47","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T23:29:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=45320"},"modified":"2024-01-23T00:29:48","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T23:29:48","slug":"az-2-miliony-lidi-jsou-tesne-nad-hranici-chudoby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=45320","title":{"rendered":"A\u017e 2 miliony lid\u00ed jsou t\u011bsn\u011b nad hranic\u00ed chudoby"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u010cesko pat\u0159\u00ed podle statistick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f k zem\u00edm s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou chudoby, zat\u00edmco v Evropsk\u00e9 unii se pod hranic\u00ed chudoby v pr\u016fm\u011bru ocitlo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 17 % lid\u00ed, v \u010cesku to bylo n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 10 %. Tato \u010d\u00edsla jsou ale podle v\u011bdc\u016f z Karlovy univerzity a vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly ekonomick\u00e9 relativn\u00ed. A o re\u00e1ln\u00e9 situaci nevypov\u00eddaj\u00ed, cht\u011bj\u00ed proto stanovit novou definici hranice absolutn\u00ed chudoby, jak \u0159ekl ve vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u010cRo Karel \u010cada<\/strong>\u00a0z fakulty podniku hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u0161e. Dnes se nej\u010dast\u011bji pracuje s tzv. p\u0159\u00edjmovou chudobou, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee to je n\u011bjak\u00fd 60 % medi\u00e1nu \u010dist\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu, co\u017e logicky ten probl\u00e9m t\u00e9 definice je, \u017ee to po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s p\u0159\u00edjmem, u\u017e nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s t\u00edm, co si za dan\u00e9 v\u011bci ten doty\u010dn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee koupit. V na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vlastn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00edme tu hranici vymezit jinak, vymezit ji n\u011bjakou absolutn\u00ed hodnotou p\u0159\u00edjmu na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9ho standardn\u00edho ko\u0161e, co je pot\u0159eba, aby dom\u00e1cnost m\u011bla zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd a v okam\u017eiku, kdy\u017e tohle nem\u00e1m, je to n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fd pr\u00e1h, kter\u00fd kdy\u017e nep\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed, tak se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do n\u011bjak\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 17,
——————–
C\u00edlem toho va\u0161eho projektu je identifikovat ty kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ohro\u017eeni to absolutn\u00ed chudobou. Tu\u0161\u00edte nebo v\u00edte se star\u0161\u00edch \u010di nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dat. Jak\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel to jsou?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 16,
——————–
Ur\u010dit\u011b co se t\u00fd\u010de i t\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 definice, se mluv\u00ed o rodi\u010d\u00edch samo\u017eivitel\u00edch, jedno\u010dlenn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti s d\u00edt\u011btem \u010di s n\u011bkolika d\u011btmi – ti jsou jednou z t\u011bch ohro\u017een\u00fdch skupin. Dal\u0161\u00ed ohro\u017eenou skupinou jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b senio\u0159i, sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9, specificky jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b rodiny, kde jsou jeden nebo dva rodi\u010de, nezam\u011bstnan\u00ed? Ur\u010dit\u011b t\u00edm rizikov\u00fdm faktorem \u010dasto jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b ti z\u00e1visl\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 v t\u011bch dom\u00e1cnostech, to znamen\u00e1 bu\u010f d\u011bti, nebo sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9, o kter\u00e9 se mus\u00ed ti lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed, starat a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ta chudoba v n\u011bjak\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt n\u011bjakou region\u00e1ln\u00ed dimenzi, pod\u00edl\u00ed se na tom zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st toho rozpo\u010dtu, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eou b\u00fdt velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi lidmi, kter\u00fd t\u0159eba \u017eij\u00ed v n\u011bjak\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm bydlen\u00ed na venkov\u011b typicky a lid\u00e9 ve m\u011bstech mus\u00ed platit n\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 17,
——————–
Tady v \u010cesku jsou z\u0159ejm\u011b a\u017e 2 miliony lid\u00ed podle evropsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b proti chudob\u011b a soci\u00e1ln\u00edho vylou\u010den\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou t\u011bsn\u011b nad tou hranic\u00ed chudoby. D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee v \u010cesku se \u010dasto chudoba i mezigenera\u010dn\u011b, d\u011bd\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 16,
——————–
Rozhodn\u011b i \u0159ady mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch studi\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm, tak v\u00edme, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 \u0161kola p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 jakoby nereprodukuje ony vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed nerovnosti, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kdy\u017e rodi\u010de maj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nebo jsou pouze vyu\u010deni, tak je velk\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost toho, \u017ee stejnou m\u00edru vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed budou m\u00edt i jejich d\u011bti. Nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b k takov\u00e9 t\u00e9 mobilit\u011b, kdy ti lid\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed ty hranice a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v uvozovk\u00e1ch to n\u00edzk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kompetence na trhu pr\u00e1ce, ti lid\u00e9 jsou pak v\u00edce ohro\u017eeni ztr\u00e1tou zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, pohybuj\u00ed se \u010dast\u011bji v n\u011bjak\u00fdch n\u00edzkokvalifikovan\u00fdch profes\u00edch, kter\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jsou mzdov\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b n\u00ed\u017e a jsou potom mnohem v\u00edce ohro\u017eeni chudobou. Vid\u00edme to i na tom p\u0159\u00edkladu tzv. soci\u00e1ln\u011b vylou\u010den\u00fdch lokalit, kde u\u017e vyr\u016fst\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed generace, kter\u00e9 se neda\u0159\u00ed hranice t\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u011b vylou\u010den\u00e9 lokality p\u0159ekonat, dostat se z n\u00ed n\u011bkam sm\u011brem k takov\u00e9mu, v uvozovk\u00e1ch st\u0159edostavovsk\u00e9mu b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 5,
——————–
A na\u00a0Karla<\/strong>\u010cadu<\/strong>\u00a0z fakulty podniku hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u0161e nav\u00e1\u017eeme s Luci\u00ed Trlifajovou, antropolo\u017ekou a analyti\u010dkou soci\u00e1ln\u00edch politik, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed v agentu\u0159e pro soci\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a v centru pro spole\u010densk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a kter\u00e1 je taky \u010dlenka a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu hranice chudoby. Dobr\u00fd den. Pro\u010d je podle v\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nov\u011b definovat hranici chudoby?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 18,
——————–
J\u00e1 bych tam vid\u011bla asi dv\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd perspektivy, a to na jednu stranu z pohledu ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch politik tady m\u00e1me \u017eivotn\u00ed minimum, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1klad soci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vek, ale t\u0159eba i \u010d\u00e1stek, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed lidem v exekuci, a to bylo vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ed 20 lety a od t\u00fd doby bylo valorizovan\u00fd jenom n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch politick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed. A to, co j\u00e1 vn\u00edm\u00e1m z praxe, z v\u00fdzkum\u016f, r\u016fzn\u00fdch anal\u00fdz, to nereflektuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ceny a jsou tady zna\u010dn\u00fd pochybnosti, jestli to je dostate\u010dn\u00fd k pokryt\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pot\u0159eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 5,
——————–
Unikaj\u00ed tedy, pardon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 18,
——————–
Pak tady m\u00e1me to m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, to jsou ty mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, kde se pracuje s t\u00edm 60 % kvalifikovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f dom\u00e1cnosti a z toho \u010cesko vlastn\u011b vych\u00e1z\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e a neda\u0159\u00ed se t\u00edm zachytit tu re\u00e1lnou situaci lid\u00ed, kdy\u017e to zachycuje jako nerovnost v dan\u00fd zemi a vztahuje se to ke st\u0159edn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjm\u016fm v dan\u00fd zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 5,
——————–
Unikaj\u00ed tedy instituc\u00edm a expert\u016fm kv\u016fli t\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed definici chudoby p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edjmovou chudobu, n\u011bkter\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel, kter\u00e9 jsou chudobou ohro\u017een\u00e9 a, a se jim nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 18,
——————–
Ur\u010dit\u011b, j\u00e1 to hodn\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1m u n\u011bjak\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00fd jsou v n\u011bjak\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 nejistot\u011b, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou to pracuj\u00edc\u00ed, chud\u00fd senio\u0159i, rodiny s d\u011btmi. Podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch dat, kter\u00fd d\u00e1v\u00e1me dohromady, se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 20\u201330 % obyvatel. Ty aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed sociologick\u00fd data ukazujou, \u017ee v kontextu inflace, r\u016fstu cen energi\u00ed a bydlen\u00ed rapidn\u011b roste i po\u010det t\u011bchhle dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, kter\u00fd jsou n\u011bjak ohro\u017een\u00fd a my vlastn\u011b v t\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd debat\u011b \u010dasto neum\u00edme s t\u011bmito pracuj\u00edc\u00edmi nebo dom\u00e1cnostmi, adekv\u00e1tn\u011b pracovat a v\u011bnovat jim dostate\u010dnou pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 5,
——————–
Jak by tedy stanoven\u00ed nov\u00e9 hranice chudoby ovlivnilo p\u0159\u00edstup st\u00e1tu k soci\u00e1ln\u00ed problematice? Proto\u017ee asi podle t\u011bch dat, kter\u00e9 on m\u00e1, tak mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 dost na podporu t\u011bch ohro\u017een\u00fdch lid\u00ed, ale vlastn\u011b ne\u00fa\u010deln\u011b, nebo jsou to i t\u0159eba vyhozen\u00e9 pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 18,
——————–
J\u00e1 bych \u00fapln\u011b ne\u0159ekla ne\u00fa\u010deln\u011b vyhozen\u00e9 pen\u00edze, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 tady v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skupina lid\u00ed, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed pocit \u017ee ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fd politice nejsou jejich pot\u0159eby dostate\u010dn\u011b reflektovan\u00fd a nemaj\u00ed tu d\u016fv\u011bru t\u0159eba ve st\u00e1t, \u017ee jim m\u016f\u017ee pomoct, \u017ee se dostanou z n\u011bjak\u00fd krizov\u00fd situace a tohle to vlastn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k n\u011bjak\u00fdm ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmu pocitu, d\u016fv\u011bru v tu spole\u010dnost a k spole\u010densk\u00fd polarizaci. Paradoxn\u00edm efektem je, \u017ee tyhlety n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fd chud\u00fd \u010dasto volaj po v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm omezen\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vek, proto\u017ee vn\u00edmaj\u00ed, \u017ee ten syst\u00e9m je nespravedlivej, A vid\u00edme to i t\u0159eba v n\u011bjak\u00fdch projektech, t\u0159eba v n\u011bjak\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch o programech, kter\u00fd reagujou na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed transformaci k udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ekonomice, kde my vlastn\u011b mus\u00edme daleko p\u0159esn\u011bji modelovat, jak\u00fd r\u016fzn\u00fd skupiny jsou te\u010fka ohro\u017een\u00fd a jak dob\u0159e nastavit ty n\u00e1stroje, aby skute\u010dn\u011b jim pom\u00e1haly adekv\u00e1tn\u011b t\u011bm jejich pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, kter\u00fd se r\u016fzn\u00ed u r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mluv\u010d\u00ed 5,
——————–
Vysv\u011btluje antropolo\u017eka, analyti\u010dka soci\u00e1ln\u00edch politik Lucie Trlifajov\u00e1. Mockr\u00e1t d\u011bkuju, na sly\u0161enou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cesko pat\u0159\u00ed podle statistick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f k zem\u00edm s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou chudoby, zat\u00edmco v Evropsk\u00e9 unii se pod hranic\u00ed chudoby v pr\u016fm\u011bru ocitlo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 17 % […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1889,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45320"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45320\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}