{"id":45346,"date":"2024-01-24T06:03:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T05:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=45346"},"modified":"2024-01-24T06:03:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T05:03:52","slug":"krevnich-nadoru-pribyva-muze-za-to-starnuti-a-spatna-imunita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=45346","title":{"rendered":"Krevn\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee za to st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a \u0161patn\u00e1 imunita"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hematologov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, kdo se bude o pacienty starat<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krevn\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f v \u010cesku neust\u00e1le p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. Ka\u017edou<\/strong> 1,5 hodinu \u0159e\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad pacienta s t\u00edmto typem rakoviny. D<\/strong>\u00edky modern\u00edm l\u00e9k\u016fm a nov\u00fdm metod\u00e1m p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce nemocn\u00fdch. Chyb\u00ed ale zdravotn\u00ed sestry a dal\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se o hematologick\u00e9 pacienty staraj\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 sta\u010dit kapacita l\u016f\u017ekov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. S t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem se l\u00e9ka\u0159i nepot\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen v tuzemsku, ale v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Jak\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy p\u0159ed \u010deskou a evropskou hematologi\u00ed stoj\u00ed, \u0159e\u0161ilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 600 odborn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, v\u011bdc\u016f, o\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u016f, pracovn\u00edk\u016f laborato\u0159\u00ed na sv\u00e9 lednov\u00e9 akci \u2013 Hematologie 2024 v Praze.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eKa\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b diagnostikujeme v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 000 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f leukemie, lymfom\u016f, myelom\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch hematologick\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed. Po\u010det nov\u00fdch pacient\u016f roste p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 2,5 % za rok. P\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me to st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace, proto\u017ee n\u00e1dory se vyskytuj\u00ed ve st\u00e1le pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. A tak\u00e9 \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poruch\u00e1m imunity,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. MUDr. Marek Trn\u011bn\u00fd, CSc., p\u0159ednosta I. intern\u00ed kliniky \u2013 kliniky hematologie 1. LF UK a V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 Fakultn\u00ed Nemocnice v\u00a0Praze. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco rakovina krve se vyskytuje \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji, \u00famrtnost na hematoonkologick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch stagnuje (za 30 let vzrostla o 1,1 %), u n\u011bkter\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z dokonce kles\u00e1. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010cesku p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se s\u00a0nemoc\u00ed l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed \u2013 v posledn\u00edch 30 letech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t. \u201eNejv\u00edce to pozorujeme nap\u0159\u00edklad u chronick\u00e9 myeloidn\u00ed leukemie, u n\u00ed\u017e vzrostla \u0161ance na 5let\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 40 %, nebo u non-Hodgkinov\u00fdch lymfom\u016f \u2013 o 20 %. U tohoto typu lymfomu dnes um\u00edme vyl\u00e9\u010dit v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % pacient\u016f, d\u00edky obrovsk\u00fdm pokrok\u016fm v\u00a0terapii, kterou m\u00e1me k\u00a0dispozici,\u201c <\/em>vysv\u011btluje prof. Trn\u011bn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stejn\u00fdm tempem v\u0161ak nerostou po\u010dty zdravotn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se o pacienty staraj\u00ed, ani kapacity za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kde nemocn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eM\u00e1me velmi dob\u0159e funguj\u00edc\u00ed, ale \u010dasto p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 centra specializovan\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de (HOC). Situaci by pomohlo, kdyby se o stabilizovan\u00e9 pacienty mohla starat tzv. pracovi\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, kter\u00fdch je nyn\u00ed v \u010cesku celkem 10. Do budoucna bude snaha ukotvit centra roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de ve V\u011bstn\u00edku MZ \u010cR. Tento v\u011bstn\u00edk definuje pouze centra HOC a pak hematologick\u00e9 ambulance, nic mezit\u00edm. Pokud by se poda\u0159ilo pracovi\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de jasn\u011bji legislativn\u011b za\u0159adit, odleh\u010dilo by to syst\u00e9mu a pomohlo pacient\u016fm, aby m\u011bli l\u00e9pe dostupnou p\u00e9\u010di,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. MUDr. Pavel \u017d\u00e1k, p\u0159edseda \u010cesk\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem je podle n\u011bj Karlovarsk\u00fd kraj, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 centrum roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de a pacienti tak mus\u00ed doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt do HOC v Praze nebo Plzni. \u201eTypick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem nemoci, kterou by centra roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de mohla p\u0159evz\u00edt, je chronick\u00e1 myeloidn\u00ed leukemie, je\u017e se dnes l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed tabletami. Pacienti se obvykle dostanou b\u011bhem jednoho a\u017e dvou let od diagn\u00f3zy do stabilizovan\u00e9ho stavu, a mohou tak b\u00fdt nad\u00e1le sledov\u00e1ni jinde. Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i chronick\u00e1 lymfatick\u00e1 leukemie,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 prof. \u017d\u00e1k. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010cR v sou\u010dasnosti funguje osm HOC pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 a dv\u011b pro d\u011bti a v nich se nyn\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u00ed nejkomplikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejn\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. \u201eS nedostatkem kapacit bojuje dle m\u00fdch informac\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina hematoonkologick\u00fdch center v Praze. Jen u n\u00e1s bychom pot\u0159ebovali zv\u00fd\u0161it kapacitu o 15\u201320 %. Sna\u017e\u00edme se tento stav postupn\u011b narovnat,\u201c<\/em> popisuje prof. MUDr. Petr Cetkovsk\u00fd, \u0159editel \u00dastavu hematologie a krevn\u00ed transfuze. Minim\u00e1ln\u011b o 30 % m\u00e9n\u011b zdravotn\u00edch sester, ne\u017e by bylo t\u0159eba, je podle profesora Trn\u011bn\u00e9ho na hematologick\u00e9 klinice ve VFN. \u201eP\u00e9\u010de o pacienty s hematoonkologick\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a specializovan\u00e1. P\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu jedn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed sestry na osm l\u016f\u017eek je to dlouhodob\u011b neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje prof. Trn\u011bn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed hematologov\u00e9 nejsou v t\u00e9to situaci sami, stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my \u0159e\u0161\u00ed jejich kolegov\u00e9 po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Podle prezidenta Evropsk\u00e9 hematologick\u00e9 asociace, prof. Ant\u00f3nia Mediny de Almeidy roste po\u010det pacient\u016f s rakovinou krve i kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee l\u00e9\u010dbu solidn\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce lid\u00ed. \u201eKrom\u011b v\u011bku jsou <\/em>rizikov\u00fdmi faktory pro vznik krevn\u00edch chorob<\/em>p\u0159edchoz\u00ed chemoterapie a radioterapie,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed prof. Almeida. \u201ePoskytov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de v Evrop\u011b je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u011b. Nejen\u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edlivu pacient\u016f z mimoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 k n\u00e1r\u016fstu incidence v d\u016fsledku st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. Proto je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit na\u0161e zdravotnick\u00e9 slu\u017eby tak, aby se s touto zv\u00fd\u0161enou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1daly. Nejen\u017ee je t\u0159eba vy\u010dlenit v\u00edce zdroj\u016f a pracovn\u00edch sil, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat o nemocech, kter\u00e9 se v zem\u00edch, kam se migranti st\u011bhuj\u00ed, b\u011b\u017en\u011b nevyskytuj\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na nemoci krve v \u010cesku ro\u010dn\u011b zem\u0159e asi 2 000 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hematologov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, kdo se bude o pacienty starat Krevn\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f v \u010cesku neust\u00e1le p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. Ka\u017edou 1,5 hodinu \u0159e\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad pacienta s t\u00edmto typem rakoviny. D\u00edky […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29726,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45346\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/29726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}