{"id":47161,"date":"2024-03-18T12:00:08","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T11:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=47161"},"modified":"2024-03-18T12:00:08","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T11:00:08","slug":"se-silnymi-rocniky-vyrazne-pribude-alzheimerovy-nemoci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=47161","title":{"rendered":"Se siln\u00fdmi ro\u010dn\u00edky v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ibude Alzheimerovy nemoci"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u010cesko st\u00e1rne. A se siln\u00fdmi ro\u010dn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k d\u016fchodov\u00e9mu v\u011bku, experti p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed strm\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f Alzheimerovy nemoci a dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f demenc\u00ed. Ty u\u017e v\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pro pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi nemocemi. Snadno pak toti\u017e <\/strong>mohou zapom\u00ednat na pravideln\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f a hroz\u00ed jim i\u00a0nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/strong>P\u0159esto\u017ee je podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f demenc\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u00fd, existuj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko jejich rozvoje. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdch kontakt\u016f nebo d\u016fslednou l\u00e9\u010dbou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku u\u017e ve st\u0159edn\u00edm v\u011bku, proto\u017ee podle posledn\u00edch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e1 hypertenze riziko demenc\u00ed zvy\u0161uje. Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b diagnostikovat a l\u00e9\u010dit pacienty s\u00a0Alzheimerovou nemoc\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi demencemi, je obsahem nov\u00fdch doporu\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b vypracovali neurologov\u00e9, geriat\u0159i, psychiat\u0159i a prakti\u010dt\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i. Zve\u0159ejnit by je m\u011bli b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alzheimerova nemoc podle dostupn\u00fdch dat postihuje zhruba 5 % populace ve v\u011bku 65 a v\u00edce let. Ka\u017ed\u00fdch 5 let se pak podle odborn\u00edk\u016f procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdskyt zhruba dvojn\u00e1sob\u00ed \u2013 v 80 letech je tedy pravd\u011bpodobnost onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a\u017e 30 %, v 90 letech p\u0159es 45 %. Nemoc v\u00edce zasahuje \u017eeny, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvakr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e mu\u017ee. Po\u010dty pacient\u016f s\u00a0Alzheimerovou nemoc\u00ed \u010di jin\u00fdm druhem demence dlouhodob\u011b rostou \u2013 v\u00a0\u010cesku \u017eije s demenc\u00ed 140 000 lid\u00ed, z\u00a0toho p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % m\u00e1 Alzheimerovu nemoc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch odhad\u016f bude v\u00a0roce 2050 a\u017e o 30 % nemocn\u00fdch v\u00edce. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je zejm\u00e9na st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace. \u201eRiziko rozvoje demence se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eeme pokusit alespo\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit nebo odd\u00e1lit.<\/em> \u0158ada studi\u00ed v\u00a0posledn\u00ed dob\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vzniku demence v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e1 hypertenze po 50. roku \u017eivota. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem je i nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 spole\u010densk\u00e1 aktivita. Je tedy velmi zdrav\u00e9 chodit mezi lidi, aktivn\u011b se zaj\u00edmat o d\u011bn\u00ed kolem sebe, m\u00edt kon\u00ed\u010dky a neuzav\u00edrat se v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 sv\u00e9 mal\u00e9 bublin\u011b,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. MUDr. Robert Rusina, Ph.D., p\u0159ednosta Neurologick\u00e9 kliniky 3.\u00a0LF UK a Fakultn\u00ed Thomayerovy nemocnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u010dasn\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za je podle expert\u016f kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, prvn\u00ed impuls k\u00a0n\u00ed p\u0159itom \u010dasto vzejde z okol\u00ed pacienta, kter\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1 zm\u011bny v jeho\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eTypicky m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st seniora, kter\u00fd \u017eije s\u00e1m a u\u017e n\u011bkolik let se mu hor\u0161\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 \u2013 lid\u00e9 v\u00a0jeho okol\u00ed si probl\u00e9m uv\u011bdom\u00ed ve chv\u00edli, kdy je za\u010dne obvi\u0148ovat, \u017ee mu schov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bci nebo se ho sna\u017e\u00ed otr\u00e1vit a podobn\u011b. V takov\u00e9 chv\u00edli je vhodn\u00e9, aby se pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed obr\u00e1tili nejl\u00e9pe na jeho praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e, eventu\u00e1ln\u011b na psychiatra, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v prv\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b realizovat diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed diagnostiku, ur\u010dit p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu psychick\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a zvolit spr\u00e1vn\u00fd l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd postup,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr.\u00a0Ing. Kl\u00e1ra Kn\u00e1pkov\u00e1, psychiatri\u010dka z M&K psychiatrie, kter\u00e1 se na doporu\u010den\u00fdch postupech tak\u00e9 pod\u00edlela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejsnaz\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob prvotn\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je podle n\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva v\u00a0ordinaci praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e v r\u00e1mci preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky. \u201eU\u017e nyn\u00ed v\u00a0na\u0161ich ordinac\u00edch prob\u00edh\u00e1 screeningov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i preventivn\u00edch prohl\u00eddk\u00e1ch u pacient\u016f od 65 let v\u011bku. Pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdch test\u016f prov\u011b\u0159ujeme, zda nejsou sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 jejich kognitivn\u00ed funkce. Pacienti p\u0159i testu dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 za \u00fakol zapamatovat si t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slova a <\/em>zakreslit \u010das do ru\u010di\u010dkov\u00fdch hodin<\/em>. Pokud po vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a proveden\u00e9m testu m\u00e1me u pacienta podez\u0159en\u00ed na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed, zah\u00e1j\u00edme ihned dal\u0161\u00ed podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Astrid Mat\u011bjkov\u00e1, \u010dlenka v\u00fdboru Spole\u010dnosti v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed \u010cLS JEP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f se demence m\u016f\u017ee zpo\u010d\u00e1tku projevovat nen\u00e1padn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdpadky pam\u011bti. Ji\u017e v\u00a0tomto bod\u011b pacient\u016fm \u0161kod\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pokud se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed s\u00a0jinou chronickou chorobou. \u201eVelmi \u010dasto se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se situac\u00ed, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd trp\u00ed pouze m\u00edrnou poruchou kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 pam\u011bti, ud\u011bl\u00e1 chybu p\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f. To jej pak m\u016f\u017ee snadno ohrozit na \u017eivot\u011b nebo v\u00e9st k\u00a0hospitalizaci,\u201c <\/em>popisuje MUDr. Hana Va\u0148kov\u00e1, Ph.D., m\u00edstop\u0159edsedkyn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 gerontologick\u00e9 a\u00a0geriatrick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti \u010cLS JEP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace bude podle expert\u016f kl\u00e1st velk\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. V\u00a0roce 2035 by podle demografick\u00fdch v\u00fdhled\u016f mohlo v\u00a0\u010cesku \u017e\u00edt p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500\u00a0000 lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku 85 let a v\u00edce. I proto jsou podle expert\u016f kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 nov\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00e9 postupy p\u00e9\u010de o pacienty s\u00a0demenc\u00ed. Ty v\u00a0tuto chv\u00edli experti finalizuj\u00ed a zve\u0159ejnit by je m\u011bli b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f. \u201ePostupy jasn\u011b definuj\u00ed role, kompetence a dostupnost jednotliv\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch specialist\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch odbornost\u00ed a\u00a0vymezuj\u00ed postup diagnostiky a l\u00e9\u010dby. C\u00edlem je, aby nez\u00e1le\u017eelo na tom, k\u00a0jak\u00e9mu specialistovi se pacient s\u00a0demenc\u00ed dostane jako k prvn\u00edmu. V\u0161ichni l\u00e9ka\u0159i mus\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt, co maj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b diagn\u00f3zy demence d\u011blat,\u201c <\/em>\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 prof. Rusina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e9 postupy tak\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed pacienti s\u00a0demenc\u00ed mohou z\u016fstat v\u00a0p\u00e9\u010di praktick\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a kte\u0159\u00ed by m\u011bli b\u00fdt v\u00a0ruk\u00e1ch specialist\u016f z\u00a0oblast\u00ed neurologie, psychiatrie nebo geriatrie. Vznik t\u011bchto doporu\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f je podpo\u0159en z Fond\u016f EHP\/Norska 2014\u20132021.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cesko st\u00e1rne. A se siln\u00fdmi ro\u010dn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k d\u016fchodov\u00e9mu v\u011bku, experti p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed strm\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f Alzheimerovy nemoci a dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f demenc\u00ed. Ty u\u017e […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=47161"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47161\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=47161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=47161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=47161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}