{"id":48488,"date":"2024-05-01T12:09:23","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T10:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=48488"},"modified":"2024-05-01T12:09:24","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T10:09:24","slug":"pokus-na-mysich-ukazuje-ze-raj-by-u-lidi-nefungoval","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=48488","title":{"rendered":"Pokus na my\u0161\u00edch ukazuje, \u017ee r\u00e1j by u lid\u00ed nefungoval"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jak by se v\u00e1m \u017eilo, kdybyste se nemuseli starat o j\u00eddlo, pit\u00ed a dokonce ani sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot? \u017de by bylo skv\u011bl\u00e9 m\u00edt v\u0161eho dostatek? To si jen mysl\u00edte…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9rie experiment\u016f b\u011bhem 60. a 70. let uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee r\u00e1j na zemi by nefungoval, \u017ee na\u0161e biologick\u00e9 ko\u0159eny jsou mnohem temn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee byly v\u00fdzkumy provedeny na krys\u00e1ch a my\u0161\u00edch, paralely s lidskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed jsou d\u011bsiv\u011b o\u010dividn\u00e9\u2026<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1j pro my\u0161i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Etolog (tedy odborn\u00edk na chov\u00e1n\u00ed) John Calhoun<\/a> si ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch 60. letech dovolil zaspekulovat nad t\u00edm, jak by se mohla vyv\u00edjet lidsk\u00e1 civilizace. Vyu\u017eil k tomu obl\u00edben\u00e9ho laboratorn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu \u2013 my\u0161\u00ed. Tou dobou u\u017e m\u011bl zku\u0161enosti se zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm krys a v\u00fdvoje jejich populac\u00ed, kde hledal ide\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou \u017e\u00edt v harmonick\u00e9 komunit\u011b. Zjistil t\u0159eba to, \u017ee i kdy\u017e by rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed mo\u017enosti krys\u00edch samic byly vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 autoregulaci, aby se kolonie nep\u0159emno\u017eila; a i tak m\u016f\u017ee sest\u00e1vat jen ze skupinek o maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dvan\u00e1cti jedinc\u00edch, jeliko\u017e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det u\u017e vede k vnit\u0159n\u00edm \u0161arv\u00e1tk\u00e1m. A krysy si to n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem uv\u011bdomovaly a po dosa\u017een\u00ed kritick\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed se p\u0159estaly rozmno\u017eovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postupn\u011b se Calhoun propracoval a\u017e k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed cel\u00e9ho hlodav\u010d\u00edho sv\u011bta. Pod hlavi\u010dkou americk\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho institutu pro du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed (NIMH) za\u010dal v roce 1968 s prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho experimentu, kter\u00fd trval n\u011bkolik let. Na jeho po\u010d\u00e1tku um\u00edstil do zcela kontrolovan\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i p\u00e1ry my\u0161\u00ed. Ty m\u011bly dostatek prostoru, neomezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun potravy i vody a nemusely se ob\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch pred\u00e1tor\u016f \u010di nemoc\u00ed \u2013 veterin\u00e1\u0159i poctiv\u011b kontrolovali jejich zdravotn\u00ed stav a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby je l\u00e9\u010dili. My\u0161i si mo\u017enost\u00ed tohoto speci\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1je u\u017e\u00edvaly a ka\u017ed\u00fdch 55 dn\u016f zdvojn\u00e1sobily velikost populace. To trvalo a\u017e do 315. dne, my\u0161i tedy ne\u010delily \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm po dobu v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Jen\u017ee pak za\u010daly probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agresivn\u00ed, nebo apati\u010dt\u00ed samci<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mezi 315. a 600. dnem se za\u010dal r\u016fst populace sni\u017eovat a ust\u00e1lil se na zhruba t\u0159etinov\u00e9m tempu oproti prvn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016fm. Nakonec bylo v kolonii kolem 2 200 my\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee kapacita prostoru byla kolem 3 800 my\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem v\u0161ak bylo podivn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny my\u0161\u00ed. Dominantn\u00ed samci za\u010dali b\u00fdt agresivn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di sv\u00fdm ml\u00e1\u010fat\u016fm, kter\u00e1 nav\u00edc odvrh\u00e1vali od samic p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b; p\u0159itom v\u0161ak sv\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed i samice nebyli schopni dlouhodob\u011b ochr\u00e1nit. Nar\u016fstaly agresivn\u00ed projevy nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi skupinami a mezi samci se tak\u00e9 za\u010dalo rozm\u00e1hat homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po 600. dni experimentu se za\u010dala rozvr\u00e1cen\u00e1 civilizace zcela hroutit. Samci p\u0159estali jevit z\u00e1jem o p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, pouze jedli, pili a zu\u0161lech\u0165ovali sv\u00e9 ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161ky. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tuto skupinu privilegovan\u00fdch samc\u016f ozna\u010dili jako \u201ekrasavci\u201c, a to d\u00edky p\u011bst\u011bn\u00e9mu zevn\u011bj\u0161ku \u2013 z\u00e1jmy t\u011bchto samc\u016f v\u0161ak byly sobeck\u00e9 a naprosto bez snahy o \u00fa\u010dinnost v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ml\u00e1\u010fat\u016fm byly odep\u0159eny zdroje a \u010dasto byla kr\u00e1tce po narozen\u00ed usmrcena \u2013 a to i p\u0159\u00edmo sv\u00fdmi matkami. V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd nebyl ani kanibalismus \u010di naopak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed plachost n\u011bkter\u00fdch jedinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se odv\u00e1\u017eili nakrmit a\u017e ve chv\u00edli, kdy v\u011bt\u0161ina kolonie spala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

My\u0161i jako inspirace pro lidi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jak Calhoun v\u00fdsledky n\u011bkolikalet\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 my\u0161\u00ed kolonie interpretoval? \u00dapadek hlodav\u010d\u00edho r\u00e1je vid\u011bl v nedostatku spole\u010densk\u00fdch tlak\u016f. Star\u0161\u00ed samci si natolik zvykli na blahobyt, \u017ee se o n\u011bj odm\u00edtali d\u011blit s mlad\u0161\u00edmi, kter\u00fdm dali kr\u00e1tce po narozen\u00ed najevo, \u017ee na privilegovan\u00e1 m\u00edsta nikdy nedos\u00e1hnou. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mlad\u00e9 jedince \u201epsychicky\u201c zlomilo a p\u0159estali se o svou budoucnost zaj\u00edmat. Jakmile se v\u0161echny soci\u00e1ln\u00ed role zaplnily a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze skupin nem\u011bla mo\u017enosti tuto spole\u010denskou strukturu zm\u011bnit, nastala apatie a degradace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle Calhouna m\u016f\u017ee \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b skon\u010dit i lidsk\u00e1 civilizace a jeho eschatologick\u00fdch viz\u00ed se chytila \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f i teoretik\u016f. Ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech m\u016f\u017eeme trend zpomalov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fstu populace sledovat, nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bji se tento jev projevuje v Japonsku \u2013 a to v\u010detn\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou bizarn\u00ed psychick\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, o nich\u017e jsme psali<\/a>, \u010di neschopnost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed naj\u00edt si sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto ve spole\u010dnosti, kde jsou minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017enosti soci\u00e1ln\u00ed mobility (tedy pohybu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d spole\u010densk\u00fdmi vrstvami).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nad\u011bji Calhoun nakonec vyk\u0159esal v situac\u00edch, kdy my\u0161i p\u0159ece jen musely kooperovat \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e nastavil p\u00edtko tak, aby jedna my\u0161 musela dr\u017eet p\u00e1\u010dku a druh\u00e1 se mohla nap\u00edt. Kdy\u017e se bez sebe my\u0161i neobe\u0161ly, r\u00e1zem o sebe za\u010daly jevit z\u00e1jem i nad m\u00edru nutnou k ob\u017eiv\u011b. A\u010dkoli se tedy lidstvo z hlediska r\u016fstu populace pomalu bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k momentu, kdy bude Zem\u011b zcela zalidn\u011bn\u00e1, je\u0161t\u011b podstatn\u011bji se ve sv\u011btle tohoto v\u00fdzkumu jev\u00ed udr\u017een\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch struktur odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch aktivn\u00ed jedince a sk\u00fdtaj\u00edc\u00edch motivaci k \u00fa\u010dasti na spole\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b toti\u017e dopadneme podobn\u011b jako Calhounova my\u0161\u00ed kolonie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: Cosmos Magazine<\/a>, Science History Institute<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak by se v\u00e1m \u017eilo, kdybyste se nemuseli starat o j\u00eddlo, pit\u00ed a dokonce ani sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot? \u017de by bylo skv\u011bl\u00e9 m\u00edt v\u0161eho dostatek? To […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48488"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48488\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/31678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=48488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=48488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}